Dębnica Kaszubska
| Dębnica Kaszubska | |||
|---|---|---|---|
|
|
||
| Basic data | |||
| State : | Poland | ||
| Voivodeship : | Pomerania | ||
| Powiat : | Słupski | ||
| Gmina : | Dębnica Kaszubska | ||
| Geographic location : | 54 ° 22 ' N , 17 ° 10' E | ||
| Residents : | 3220 | ||
| Postal code : | 76-248 | ||
| Telephone code : | (+48) 59 | ||
| License plate : | GSL | ||
| Economy and Transport | |||
| Street : | Ext. 210 : Ustka - Słupsk - Unichowo (- Bytów ) | ||
| Rail route : | Train station: Słupsk | ||
| Next international airport : | Danzig | ||
Dębnica Kaszubska (German Rathsdamnitz , Kashubian Kaszëbskô Dãbnica or Kaszëbskô Damnica ) is a village in the Pomeranian Voivodeship in Poland . It is the seat of the rural community of the same name in the Powiat Słupski .
Geographical location and transport links
Dębnica Kaszubska is located in Western Pomerania , about 14 kilometers southeast of Słupsk ( Stolp ) on the right bank of the Słupia ( Stolpe ). The houses are laid out on both sides of a south-flowing brook which flows into the Skotawa ( Schottow ) and which in older times drove a water mill. The village is located on the northeastern edge of the Stolpetal Landscape Protection Park ( Park krajobrazowy Dolina Słupi ), which stretches to Bytów ( Bütow ) and Lake Jasień ( Jassener See ).
Woiwodschaftsstraße 210 (DW 210) runs through Dębnica Kaszubska, coming from Ustka ( Stolpmünde ) via Słupsk to Unichowo ( Wundichow ), where it meets DW 212 from Lębork ( Lauenburg in Pomerania ) to Bytów .
Between 1894 and 1945 direct rail connection was to the Stolpe Talbahn the stumbling tracks that the county seat with Budow (today Polish: Budowo) combined. Today Słupsk is the nearest train station on PKP lines 202 ( Stargard Szczeciński − Danzig ) and 405 ( Ustka – Piła ( Schneidemühl ) ).
Place name
In Wendish times, the place was named Dammencze , Damptize , Damnitze or Damnitz , which translates as “Eichenort” - alluding to the oak forest area. It was not until the 17th century that the name "Rathsdamnitz" emerged because it was a property village of the city or the city council of Stolp . On April 14, 1683 the name "Rathsdamnitz" is mentioned for the first time.
Before 1945, the name of the place also differed from the village of Hebrondamnitz (now in Polish: Damnica) located 20 kilometers northeast of Stolp . The Polish place name excludes any confusion with other places called Dębnica in Poland.
history
According to the historical form of the village, Dębnica Kaszubska is a narrow street . It must have been heavily populated even in prehistoric times. This is shown by numerous grave fields from the younger Bronze and Iron Ages .
The old Wendish settlement was on the site where the syringe house stood before 1945. The immigrant Germans settled a little further north of it at the brook, which was named "German Bach".
In 1485 the magistrate of the city of Stolp bought part of the village Damnitz from Martin Wobeser and another part from the children of the late Claus von Puttkamer auf Zettin (today Cetyń in Polish). In addition, two farmers and a Kossät came to the magistrate in 1517, who thus owned the entire village.
In 1784 the following were noted for Rathsdamnitz: 2 outworks , 1 paper mill, 1 cutting mill, 1 preacher, 1 sexton, 5 peasants, 3 kossas, 2 bidders , 1 preacher colonus, 1 jug and 1 blacksmith with a total of 26 fireplaces.
In 1847 the place had up to 200 inhabitants, who also benefited from the regulation of the manorial and rural conditions of August 7, 1820. When the paper mill was converted into a paper mill , the village developed into an industrial site.
Rathsdamnitz was previously a purely official village, but its interests remained until 1945: it belonged to the district of Stolp in the administrative district of Köslin in the Prussian province of Pomerania and formed its own district, registry office and gendarmerie district . In the district court it was aligned to Stolp . The district Neufeld (now Polish: Grabin) was integrated into the community of Rathsdamnitz . In 1939 a total of 2844 inhabitants lived here. In 1938, the broadcasting station Sender Stolp was built in Rathsdamnitz . During the Second World War , aircraft parts were produced here for the German army.
Towards the end of the Second World War, in the first days of March 1945, refugees rolled through Rathsdamnitz. On March 6, the evacuation of the place was ordered for the following day. A trek then started towards Gdynia , other residents fled and around a quarter of the population stayed in the village. The Red Army reached the place a short time later. There were shootings, looting and rape. On March 18, 1945, many residents were taken from their homes and deported.
In June 1945 Rathsdamnitz was placed under Polish administration, only the estate was kept by Soviet soldiers. The village was given the Polish name Dębnica Kaszubska . Torture and displacement occurred among the Poles; later, 1,628 villagers displaced from Rathsdamnitz were identified in the Federal Republic of Germany and 312 in the GDR . Dębnica Kaszubska is today the seat and part of the rural municipality of the same name in the Powiat Słupski of the Pomeranian Voivodeship (until 1998 Slupsk Voivodeship ). 3220 people live here today.
church
Parish church
The parish church of Rathsdamnitz was built in 1584 and consecrated on Michaelmas day (29 September). It is a brick building with a tower, which was simply and unadorned built on a field stone foundation . From 1781 to 1786 the church received a half-timbered extension to the east . The pulpit and altar were connected before 1945 and built over the brick cafeteria .
Of the furnishings, two mutilated figures carved from wood - including Mary with the child - come from the Gothic period. The church also had two Gothic altar candlesticks. The church had had an organ since 1839.
In the late summer of 1899 the church was enlarged and converted into a cruciform church. At that time it received a new organ from the Pomeranian organ builder Christian Friedrich Völkner from Dünnow (today in Polish: Duninowo).
The Rathdamnitzer Church was a Protestant church until 1945. As a result of the war, it was expropriated in favor of the Catholic Church in Poland . It was rededicated and given the name Św. Jana Chrzciciela ("John the Baptist").
Evangelical parish
Rathsdamnitz - before 1945 almost exclusively Protestant denomination - was before 1945 the seat of the parish office of the eponymous parish . The neighboring villages of Kriwan (now in Polish: Krzywań), Loitz (Łysomice), Neufeld (Grabin) and Scharsow (Skarszów Górny and Dolny) were included. In addition, the parish Podewilshausen (Podwilczyn) with the village Mellin (Mielno) was incorporated into the parish that belonged to the parish of Stolp -Stadt in the eastern district of the church province of Pomerania in the church of the Old Prussian Union .
The church patronage was incumbent on the magistrate of Stolp until 1945. The parish had a total of 3900 parishioners in 1940.
The parish of Rathsdamnitz has not existed since 1945. Its tasks were transferred to the parish of the Kreuzkirche in Słupsk in the diocese of Pomerania-Greater Poland of the Evangelical-Augsburg Church in Poland .
Catholic parish
Mostly Catholic residents have lived in Dębnica Kaszubska since 1945 . The Roman Catholic Church in Poland has set up a parish (parafia) here, which is assigned to the deanery Łupawa ( Lupow, Stolp district ) in the Pelplin diocese in the Archdiocese of Danzig . The parish is called Św. Jana Chrzciciela ( John the Baptist ).
school
The first schoolhouse was probably built in Dębnica Kaszubska in 1750, which was replaced by a new building in 1820. In 1834 the number of pupils was 72. In 1834 and 1852 the school building had to be expanded, and in 1872 a third class was established.
In 1880 a new teacher's house was built to replace the previous sexton's house. In 1884 249 school children were educated. Two teachers were hired for this task in 1913, and by 1932 there were a total of eight who were teaching 612 students.
Sons and daughters of the place
- Rudolf Steglich (1886–1976), German musicologist
Gmina Dębnica Kaszubska
In 1983 the rural community Dębnica Kaszubska was formed, which at that time had an area of 271 km² with 7623 inhabitants. Until 1998 it belonged to the Slupsk Voivodeship .
Today the Gmina Dębnica Kaszubska with 20 villages with Schulzenamt and another 26 villages is part of the Pomeranian Voivodeship and belongs to the Powiat Słupski. It covers an area of 300.02 km² (48% forest and 43% agricultural area) and has 9600 inhabitants.
literature
- Karl-Heinz Pagel : The district of Stolp in Pomerania . Lübeck 1989, p. 800–812 ( Download location description Rathsdamnitz ) (PDF; 3.1 MB)
- Johannes Hinz: Pomerania. Signpost through an unforgettable country . Bechtermünz, Augsburg 1996, ISBN 3-86047-181-3 .
- Hans Moderow , Ernst Müller: The evangelical clergy of Pomerania from the Reformation to the present. Edited due to the Steinbrück'schen Ms. . Part 2: Ernst Müller: The administrative district of Köslin . Sannier, Stettin 1912.
Footnotes
- ↑ Ludwig Wilhelm Brüggemann : Detailed description of the current state of the Königl. Prussian Duchy of Western and Western Pomerania . Part II, Volume 2, Stettin 1784, p. 958, No. 30.
- ^ Gustav Schacht : History and development of the paper mill in Raths-Damnitz. In: Wochenblatt für Papierfabrikation , 1911, pp. 1435–1438.
- ^ Karl-Heinz Pagel : The district of Stolp in Pomerania . Lübeck 1989, p. 811 ( Online; PDF)
Districts ( Schulzenämter ): Borzęcino (Bornzin) | Budowo (Budow) | Dębnica Kaszubska (Rathsdamnitz) | Dobieszewo (Groß Dübsow) | Dobra (Daber) | Gałęzów (Gallensow) | Gogolewko (New Yugelov) | Gogolewo (Alt Jugelow) | Jawory (Gaffert) | Kotowo (Kottow) | Krzywań - Grabin (Kriwan-Neufeld) | Łabiszewo (Labüssow) | Mielno (Mellin) | Motarzyno (mother) | Niepoględzie (Nippoglense) | Podole Małe (Little Podel) | Podwilczyn (Podewilshausen) | Skarszów Górny (High Scharsow) | Starnice - Troszki (Starnitz-Petersberg) | Żarkowo (Sorkow)
Other localities: Boguszyce (Friedrichsfelde) | Borzęcinko (New Bornzin) | Brzeziniec (Birkhof) | Budówko | Dargacz (Dargatzhof) | Dobieszewko (Klein Dübsow) | Dobrzec (Vorwerk Daber) | Dobrzykowo (Ulrichshof) | Dudzicze (Philippinenhof) | Goszczyno (Goschen) | Grabówko | Jamrzyno (Jamrin) | Konradowo | Krzynia (Krien) | Łabiszewo Kolonia (Labüssow Colony) | Leśnia (Berghof) | Łysomice (Loitz) | Łysomiczki (Loitzer Bridge) | Maleniec (Malenz) | Niemczewo (Nimzewe) | Ochodza (Wocholz) | Rybiec | Skarszów Dolny (Unter Scharsow) | Spole (Henriettenthal) | Starniczki (Starnitz Mill) | Suliszewo (Schwup)