Gdynia
| Gdynia | |||
|---|---|---|---|
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| Basic data | |||
| State : | Poland | ||
| Voivodeship : | Pomerania | ||
| Powiat : | District-free city | ||
| Area : | 135.50 km² | ||
| Geographic location : | 54 ° 31 ' N , 18 ° 32' O | ||
| Height : | 0-205 m npm | ||
| Residents : | 246,244 (Jun. 30, 2019) |
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| Postal code : | 81-004 to 81-919 | ||
| Telephone code : | (+48) 58 | ||
| License plate : | GA | ||
| Economy and Transport | |||
| Street : | DK 6 Kołbaskowo ↔ Pruszcz Gdański | ||
| DK 20 Stargard ↔ Gdynia | |||
| Rail route : | Gdańsk – Stargard | ||
| Kościerzyna – Gdynia | |||
| Next international airport : | Gdańsk | ||
| Gmina | |||
| Gminatype: | Borough | ||
| Surface: | 135.50 km² | ||
| Residents: | 246,244 (Jun. 30, 2019) |
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| Population density : | 1817 inhabitants / km² | ||
| Community number ( GUS ): | 2262011 | ||
| Administration (as of 2009) | |||
| City President : | Wojciech Szczurek | ||
| Address: | Al. Marszałka Piłsudskiego 52/54 81-382 Gdynia |
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| Website : | www.gdynia.pl | ||
Gdynia [ ˈgdɨɲa ] ( Kashubian Gdiniô ), German Gdynia , 1939–1945 Gotenhafen , is a port city in Poland in the Danzig Bay . It forms in the Pomeranian Province with the largest city of Danzig (Gdansk) and the smaller Sopot (Sopot) the metropolitan Tri-City .
As a settlement Gdina first documented in 1253, Gdynia was awarded the 1926 city law . The most important port city of the Second Polish Republic became a major city in the 1930s with over 100,000 inhabitants . During the Second World War , Gdynia, known as Gotenhafen during this time, was significantly destroyed as an important base of the German navy by British and US air raids .
Today, Gdynia ranks twelfth among the largest cities in Poland with around 250,000 inhabitants . Gdynia is the headquarters of the Navy of the Republic of Poland and has two nautical universities with the Navy Academy Akademia Marynarki Wojennej and the civilian Akademia Morska .
geography
location
Gdynia is located in northern Poland on the Zatoka Pucka ( German Putziger Wiek ; Kashubian: Pùckô Hôwinga ), which forms the western, shallow part of the Gdańsk Bay . Opposite Gdynia is the Hel peninsula (Polish: Półwysep Helski, Mierzeja Helska) with the town of Hel , which can be reached by ferry from Gdynia in the summer months.
The largest river in the city is the Kacza , which passes through the districts of Dąbrowa , Mały Kack and Orłowo . The city is located in the port and inner city area just above sea level, the outskirts, including Witomino , Mały Kack and Wielki Kack are on the landside, rising heights.
City structure
| Polish name | Kashubian name | German name (until 1920 and 1939-1945) |
|---|---|---|
| Babie Doły | Hexengrund | |
| Chwarzno | Chwôrzno | Quarszau (1874–1945 Völtzendorf ) |
| Chylonia | Chëlonô | Kielau |
| Cisowa | Cësowô | Ciessau (1942–1945 Zissau ) |
| Dąbrowa | Dohnasberg | |
| Demptowo | Demptowò | Demptau (1942–1945 Demtau ) |
| Działki Leśne | Lasné Dzélczi | |
| Grabówek | Grabowka | Grabau |
| Kamienna Góra | Kamiannô Góra | Steinberg |
| Karwiny | Karwinë | |
| Leszczynki | Laszinken (1942–1945 Sandnußdorf ) | |
| Mały Kack | Małë Kack | Klein Katz (1942–1945 Kleinatz ) |
| Obłuże | Òblëżé | Oblush |
| Oksywie | Òksëwiô | Oxhöft |
| Orłowo | Òrzłowò | Adlershorst |
| Pogórze | Pògòrzé | Pogorsch (1942–1945 Gotenberg ) |
| Pustki Cisowskie | Cësowsczé Pùstkòwié | Pustkowie (1942–1945 Zissauerwald ) |
| Redłowo | Wësoké Redłowò | Hochredlau |
| Śródmieście | Strzódgard | City center |
| Wiczlino | Wiczlëno | Wiczlin (1874–1945 Vitzlin ) |
| Wielki Kack | Wiôlgë Kack | Groß Katz (1942–1945 Großkatz ) |
| Witomino | Witòmino | Wittomin |
| Wzgórze Św. Maksymiliana | Sw. Jan | Johanniskrug (1940–1945 Baltenberg ) |
history
Gdynia was a village until 1918. The Treaty of Versailles gave Poland access to the Baltic Sea through the so-called Polish Corridor , but did not have its own port. That is why Gdynia was developed into one of the largest trading, emigration, war and fishing ports as planned. The townscape of Gdynia is characterized by many modernist buildings due to the strong development of the city from the 1920s (see Architecture in Gdynia ).
Second Polish Republic
The State Maritime School (Polish: Państwowa Szkoła Morska ) founded in 1920 was relocated from Dirschau ( Tczew ) to Gdynia on July 21, 1928 . With the commissioning of the Dar Pomorza in 1930, the nautical school moved into its own building. The Instytut Bałtycki (Baltic Sea or Baltic Institute) in Thorn opened a department in Gdynia in 1930/1931.
In the 1930s the expansion of the town, which had 33,217 inhabitants (1931), continued. The beach promenade in Adlershorst was built in the 1930s, below which the municipal Witold Gombrowicz Theater, founded in 1964, plays on a beach stage in front of the backdrop of the Baltic Sea and the cliffs. On June 25, 1931, the Morski Państwowy Instytut Meteorologiczny (State Meteorological Maritime Institute) moved into the new building of the maritime observatory at 42 Nadbrzeżna Street (today Waszyngtona Street ).
The port was fully functional by 1930 with docks, piers, breakwaters and many other necessary facilities and businesses such as storage sheds and systems as well as a rice husking factory.
The rapid influx of job seekers exceeded the possibilities of creating adequate living space. "On the outskirts of the city, slums arose where the unemployed, homeless and low-paid unskilled workers lived with their families." The housing shortage drove up rents. This encouraged private construction investments, but rents often amounted to a normal monthly income or more.
Gdynia became a passenger port for overseas trips and on May 1, 1935 an international airport was opened in nearby Rumia ( German Rahmel , Kasch. Rëmiô). The ship passages were served by the Dyckerhoff & Widmann ( Katowice office ) terminal building for overseas passengers Dworec Morski ( e.g. Überseehof), where both tourists and emigrants embarked. The building is open to all visitors today, and a small exhibition provides information about its history.
The state-owned shipping company Gdynia-Ameryka Linie Żeglugowe SA operated seven passenger ships. In the suburb of Grabau on the site of a former Prussian barracks from the 19th century, accommodation for emigrants ( Etap Emigracyjny ) opened in 1933 , and from there they were brought directly to the Überseehof via their own rail link . In 1935, Foreign Minister Józef Beck and Kwiatkowski, now Treasury Minister, officially inaugurated the facility. Many Jewish and Catholic Poles emigrated from here. With the war on September 1, 1939, Polish passenger shipping initially ended.
1937 went with the new grain elevator modern loading of grain into operation, now a monument of modern industrial architecture.
In 1938 Gdingen's port rose to the tenth largest port in Europe in terms of transshipment and handled 46% of Polish foreign trade with 8.7 million tons (according to other sources 9.2 million tons). The city continued to expand.
In 1939 Gdynia measured an area of 66 km² (6th place among Poland's cities) and had 115,000 inhabitants (12th place among Poland's cities). In the years 1918 to 1939 the linguistic composition of the population changed, so that the German minority finally made up 9.8% of the inhabitants of Pomerania . Most of the immigrants were Kashubians or Poles.
German occupation
The Second World War began with the attack on Poland on September 1, 1939 . Immediately after taking the city in October 1939, the Germans expelled an estimated 50,000 Poles. 12,000 to 13,000 residents, mostly members of the Polish intelligentsia , were shot in the so-called intelligence campaign not far from the city, including in the Piaśnica massacre . In 1944 the mass graves were reopened and the bodies burned to remove the traces.
Liberation and Post War
With air support from the US Army Air Forces , the Red Army captured the city. Hitler had previously declared Danzig and Gotenhafen to be a fortress , which had to be defended “to the end”. 39,000 German and 31,000 Soviet soldiers were killed in the fighting over this fortress area. Before the final withdrawal of the German troops, all port facilities were destroyed by demolition squads. The battleship Gneisenau was sunk in the port entrance as a block ship. The port was usable again from July 1945.
The surviving displaced Poles streamed back into the city, and Poles moved to the city as new citizens from the areas annexed by the Soviet Union after the Yalta Conference .
People's Republic of Poland
In 1952 the People's Republic of Poland was founded, which was still called the Republic of Poland in the immediate postwar period . The previous struggle of the Polish Home Army against the German occupiers was now directed against the Soviet Union as a de facto occupying power: The years up to 1956 were marked by brutal cleansing operations by the NKVD and the Red Army. The Polish October with the relaxation of the repressive and economic system ( forced collectivization ) was followed by the Gomułka era .
Population development
| year | Residents | Remarks |
|---|---|---|
| 1852 | 566 | |
| 1870 | approx. 1,200 | |
| 1921 | 1,179 | |
| 1926 | 6,000 | (before incorporations) |
| 1926 | 12,000 | (according to incorporations) |
| 1930 | approx. 32,000 | |
| 1931 | 33,217 | |
| 1938 | over 100,000 | |
| 1939 | 115,000 | |
| 1940 | approx. 90,000 | |
| 1941 | 99,950 | |
| 1946 | 77,829 | |
| 1950 | 103,458 | |
| 1955 | 129,639 | |
| 1973 | 200,000 | |
| 1987 | 250,000 | |
| 2004 | 253,300 | |
| 2015 | 247,672 |
Infrastructure and economy
traffic
As part of the Trójmiasto , Gdynia is connected to Rumia to the north and Sopot (then Gdansk ) to the north via the European route 28 on the coast .
The largest station is the Gdynia Główna station , which was built in the 1950s. Regionally, the other two cities of the Trójmiasto metropolitan area, Sopot and Gdansk, can be reached from the main train station via the PKP Szybka Kolej Miejska w Trójmieście Sp.z oo (SKM) (literally: Stadtschnellbahn in der Dreistadt ) , and there are also train connections to the Hel peninsula and to West Pomerania to Stettin . There is a connection to the south via the Coal Main Line ( Magistrala węglowa in Polish ), which passes Gdansk on the historical Polish Corridor . The station is the main hub for the city lines, which connect the city districts with one another as trolley and conventional buses. The operator is the municipal transport company Zarząd Komunikacji Miejskiej w Gdyni (ZKM).
The Gdynia-Kosakowo Airport was opened on May 1, 1935th It serves the Naval Aviation Brigade (Polish: Brygada Lotnictwa Marynarki Wojennej - BLMW) of the Polish Navy as a military airfield under the designation 43. Baza Lotnictwa Morskiego (43rd BLM). Mainly helicopters, training and small transport aircraft are stationed here. The civil joint use is planned.
The largest company is the Gdynia AG shipyard (Stocznia Gdynia SA) founded in 1922 , the scene of the workers' uprising of 1970 .
education
The following universities and institutes are located in Gdynia:
- Akademia Marynarki Wojennej im. Bohaterów Westerplatte (Westerplatte Heroes Naval Academy)
- Akademia Morska (Maritime College)
- Institute of Oceanography ( Zakład Oceanografii Operacyjnej ), which the research ship v r / IMOR maintains
In 2018, Gdynia hosted MILSET Expo-Sciences Europe (ESE), a science and technology-oriented youth fair .
Culture
architecture
House of the Stankiewicz family
Construction of the ZUS , now POL
The market hall
The court at Plac Konstytucji
Corner house of the Orłowski family
Skwer Kościuszki 2005 commemorating the beginning of the Second World War
In 1928 the port construction office was established with a small inner courtyard in the style of historical Polish mansions. From 1928 to 1937, the Pręczkowski family had one of the first modern houses built in Gdynia in stages at Skwer Kościuszki 10–12 corner of ulica Żeromskiego .
The architect Tadeusz Jędrzejewski created rounded facade walls and a turret that echo the shapes of a command bridge and round ship walls. The Polonia cinema , later renamed Goplana , was located on the ground floor before and many years after the war . In 1929, Stanisław Filasiewicz built a historicist-style building with a magnificent interior and exterior for Bank Polski at ulica 10 Lutego 20/22 (10th February 1926). a. the counter hall under a column-supported vault. In 1930 Jerzy Müller set up the government commissariat for the Second Polish Republic at Aleja Piłsudskiego 52/54 , which was expanded in 1937 with a wing on ulica Bema .
Tadeusz Jędrzejewski and Włodzimierz Prochaska built a residential and commercial building for the Stankiewicz family in 1931 at ulica Świętojańska 53 . The current owners have set up a small exhibition on the history of the house in the doorway of the house. In the same year a villa in the style of the old school was built in Kielau (pl. Chylonia , Kasch. Chëlonô ) and in Adlershorst the Villa Weneda and the Pension Gryf .
Between 1932 and 1935, the architect Marian Maśliński created a corner house for Juliusz von Hundsdorff at 7 Starowiejska Street .
In 1935/1936 an office building for the Polish social security ( Zakład Ubezpieczeń Społecznych , ZUS) based on a design by Roman Piotrowski was built at ulica 10 Lutego 24 . It is one of the symbols of modernism of the interwar period with structures of different sizes and an exposed rounded part. The facades are clad in black granite at the bottom and light sandstone at the top. Today the shipping company Polskie Linie Oceaniczne (Polish Ocean Lines, POL) is located in the building.
The Bank Gospodarstwa Krajowego was in the ulica 3 Maja 27/31 corner Ulica Batorego 26 (Stephan Bathory-Str.), The largest residential building Gdynia built by Stanisław Ziolowski before the war. The semicircular superstructure tower at ulica 3 Maja (3rd May 1791 street) is striking . The building was modern and equipped. a. with an underground car park. The facades are decorated with limestone from Szydłowiec in the Subcarpathian region . In ulica Wójta Radtkego (Mayor Radtke-Str.) Stefan Reychman and Jerzy Müller created from 1935 to 1938 the market hall, a three-part arch construction.
As part of the urban expansion plans of the architect Stanisław Filipowski, the 600 m long and 120 m wide representative south pier was built in place of the old wooden walkway from 1935 to 1937 as an extension of the axis of ulica 10 Lutega . At the end of the pier, a 10-meter-high obelisk was to commemorate the unification of the tripartite Poland into the Second Republic between 1918 and 1921. That never happened, today there is a statue of the writer Joseph Conrad Korzeniowski made by Zdzisław Koseda . The aquarium was built on the south pier in 1937 - interrupted by the Second World War - and opened in 1971.
Bohdan Damięcki and Tadeusz Sieczkowski built the house of the Polish sailor in 1938/1939 as a further representative building in this good room in Gdingen . A circular projecting component determines the facade to the sailors basin (bases żeglarski). Today the naval navigation school of the Westerplatte-Helden-Marineakademie and a planetarium are housed here. The above-mentioned museum ships ORP Błyskawica and Dar Pomorza are also moored at the south pier . Stanisław Płoski built in 1936, the home of the Swedish sailors in the Ulica Jana z Kolna 25 in which a hotel and a Swedish consulate came.
At Plac Konstytucji 5 , the functionalist building for the district court and public prosecutor's office was built in 1936 . In 1936 the Orłowski family had a modernist corner house built at 68 Świętojańska Street , which consists of a six-story building with rounded corners and windows and a seven-story cuboid building. The facades are faced with light sandstone. A branch of the French department store chain Le Bon Marché stayed on the lower floors until 1939 . Today there is a book and press salon here.
In the same year, also in ulica Świętojańska 122 at the corner of Aleja Piłsudskiego , the architect Leon Mazalon created a corner house for himself and the lawyer Antoni Ogończyk-Bloch with an interesting emphasis on the corner location through vertically superimposed, streamlined winter gardens and similar balconies facing Aleja Piłsudskiego . Opposite the main train station, a monumental building was also built in 1936 according to designs by Zbigniew Karpiński (Polish) , T. Sieczkowski and R. Sołtyński. The avant-garde building consists of a main cuboid containing the entrances and the high main hall, two symmetrical curved wings and a straight wing facing the Jana z Kolna street . At Skwer Kościuszki 16, in 1937/38 Zbigniew Kupiec and Tadeusz Kossak built a modern town house for the Jurkowski family in reinforced concrete skeleton construction with a facade clad with yellow ceramic tiles. Green areas were provided. A park was created on the Steinberg and the Hochredlauer Kämpe (Kępa Redłowska) with its forests and cliffs was declared a nature park with 110 hectares in 1938. A 1½ kilometer long Baltic Sea promenade, the Feliks-Nowowiejski-Boulevard, connects the Hochredlauer Kämpe with the city. In 1939, Kupiec and Kossak created a corner house for the Krenski family at ulica Świętojańska 55 on the corner of ulica Ż Wirki i Wigury with a high corner building and lower wings to the neighboring houses. When the war began, the building remained unplastered, the ground floor without finishing and the imported elevator in the port.
Museums
- Abraham House Museum ( 30 Starowiejska Street )
- Motor vehicle museum ( ulica Żwirowa 2C )
- Museum of Kashubian Tales ( ul.Zwycięstwa 36/108 )
- Museum of the City of Gdynia ( ul.Zawiszy Charnego 1 )
- Żeromski's House ( 6 Orłowska Street )
- Antoni Ledóchowski Planetarium ( aleja Jana Pawła II , entrance from the marina)
- Gdynia Emigration Museum
Maritime museums
- Aquarium Gdynia ( aleja Jana Pawła II 1 )
- Museum ship ORP Błyskawica ( aleja Jana Pawła II , Nabrzeże Pomorskie / Pommernkai )
- Museum ship Dar Pomorza ( aleja Jana Pawła II , Nabrzeże Pomorskie / Pommernkai )
- Open-air museum of deep sea fishing ( ul.Orłowska 6 )
- Navy Museum ( ul.Sędzickiego 3 )
- Pomeranian Maritime Craft Museum ( ul.Waszingtona 21 , in the Gemini Cultural and Entertainment Center )
theatre
- Danuta Baduszkowa Music Theater ( płac Grunwaldzki 1 )
- Witold Gombrowicz Theater ( ul.Bema 26 )
- Summer theater on the beach stage in Orłowo district
- Teatr Gdynia Główna ( Plac Konstytucji )
music
- Annual music festival Open'er Festival on the airfield
Sports
The football clubs Arka Gdynia and Bałtyk Gdynia play their home games in the GOSiR stadium in the Redłowo district . Other football clubs are Nauta Gdynia , Klub Piłkarski Gdynia and NKS Błyskawica Gdynia .
The rugby club RC Arka Gdynia won the European Regions Cup in 2005 .
The city is home to multiple Polish basketball champion Asseco Gdynia . The basketball team Basket Gdynia has played in the women's Euroleague since 1999.
Against the background of the growing popularity of snooker billiards in Poland , the World Professional Billiards & Snooker Association decided to host the Gdynia Open as part of the Players Tour Championship (PTC) from 2012 onwards . In 2014 the tournament was played completely in the Gdynia Sports Arena for the first time . With the termination of the PTC, the last Gdynia Open took place in 2016 .
Gdynia has been the venue for the Ironman 70.3 since 2015 .
politics
City President
At the head of the city administration is a city president who is directly elected by the population. Since 1998 this has been Wojciech Szczurek.
In the 2018 election, Szczurek ran for his own election committee. The vote brought the following result:
- Wojciech Szczurek (Election Committee Wojciech Szczurek) 67.9% of the vote
- Marcin Horała (independent) 16.9% of the vote
- Zygmunt Żmuda-Trzebiatowski ( Prawo i Sprawiedliwość ) 11.3% of the vote
- Marcin Strzelczyk ( Sojusz Lewicy Demokratycznej / Lewica Razem ) 2.4% of the vote
- Remaining 1.6% of the vote
Szczurek was thus re-elected in the first ballot.
City council
The city council consists of 28 members and is directly elected. The 2018 city council election led to the following result:
- Election Committee Wojciech Szczurek 48.3% of the vote, 17 seats
- Prawo i Sprawiedliwość (PiS) 19.0% of the vote, 5 seats
- Koalicja Obywatelska (KO) 18.4% of the vote, 5 seats
- Election committee "Together for Gdynia" 9.1% of the votes, 1 seat
- Sojusz Lewicy Demokratycznej (SLD) / Lewica Razem (LR) 3.5% of the votes, no seat
- Remaining 1.9% of the vote, no seat
Town twinning
Gdynia lists twin cities and an association of municipalities:
- Plymouth (United Kingdom, Devon (England)), since 1976
- Kiel (Germany, Schleswig-Holstein), since 1985
- Aalborg (Denmark, Region Nordjylland), since 1987
- Kotka (Finland, Kymenlaakso), since 1988
- Karlskrona (Sweden, Blekinge län), since 1990
- Kristiansand (Norway, Fylke), since 1991
- Brooklyn (United States, New York), since 1991
- Klaipėda (Lithuania, Klaipėda Municipality), since 1993
- Baranavichy (Belarus, Brest), since 1993
- Seattle (United States, Washington), since 1994
- Kaliningrad (Russia, Kaliningrad Oblast), since 1994
- Liepāja (Latvia, Courland), since 1999
- Kunda (Estonia, Lääne-Viru County), since 2001
- Côte d'Opale (France, Syndicat Mixte de la Côte d'Opale), since 2004
- Haikou (China, Hainan), since 2006
Connected cities
Personalities
sons and daughters of the town
- Waldemar Oehlke (1879–1949), Germanist and literary historian
- Georg von Brauchitsch (1885–1940), classical archaeologist (born in Klein-Katz)
- Zbigniew Ciesielski (* 1934), mathematician
- Jan Szlaga (1940–2012), Bishop of Pelplin
- Roland Kliesow (* 1941), diplomat
- Hans-Dieter Handrack (* 1942), historian
- Helmut Nadolski (* 1942), jazz and improvisation musician, composer
- Gunnar Heinsohn (* 1943), German social and economic scientist
- Jörg Berger (1944–2010), German soccer player and coach
- Klaus Hurrelmann (* 1944), German social and health scientist
- Jürgen Schöning (* 1944), politician
- Joanna Senyszyn (* 1949), politician
- Arkadiusz Rybicki (1953–2010), politician, civil rights activist, State Secretary and Vice Minister of Poland
- Ryszard Krauze (* 1956), entrepreneur
- Janusz Kaczmarek (* 1961), lawyer and politician
- Józef Szamocki (* 1954), auxiliary bishop in Toruń
- Krzysztof Charamsa (* 1972), priest and theologian
- Jarosław Rodzewicz (* 1973), fencer
- Karolina Gumos (* 1975), opera singer at the Komische Oper Berlin
- Marcin Mięciel (* 1975), football player
- Urszula Pontikos (* 1975), film director and camerawoman
- Adam Weiner (* 1975), handball player
- Adam Darski (* 1977), guitarist and singer in the band Behemoth
- Michael Klim (* 1977), Australian swimmer
- Anna Rybicka (* 1977), fencer
- Magdalena Brzeska (* 1978), Polish-German gymnast
- Norbert Lange (* 1978), writer
- Mariusz Waras (* 1978), wall painter
- Daniel Koziarski (* 1979), author and journalist
- Stefan Liv (1980–2011), Swedish ice hockey goalkeeper
- Żaklin Nastić (* 1980), Polish-German politician
- Agnieszka Pomaska (* 1980), politician
- Monika Pyrek (* 1980), pole vaulter
- Sylwia Gruchała (* 1981), foil fencer
- Anna Rogowska (* 1981), track and field athlete
- Katarzyna Wojtczak (* 1983), social worker
- Klaudia Jans-Ignacik (* 1984), tennis player
- Karolina Lodyga (* 1984), actress
Persons connected to Gdynia
- Danuta Baduszkowa (1919–1978), theater director, educator, director of the Gdynia Music Theater
- Henryk Bista (1934–1997), actor
- Karol Olgierd Borchardt (1905–1986), captain on a long voyage and writer of maritime genres, lived on Steinberg from 1948 until his death
- Maria Dąbrowska (1889–1965), writer, wrote about the city
- Manfred Eisele (* 1938), General in the Bundeswehr
- Aleksander Majkowski (1876–1938), writer, lived in Gdynia and wrote about the city
- Marian Mokwa (1889–1987), Polish painter, gallery owner in Gdynia
- Władysław Orkan (1875–1930), writer, wrote about the city
- Kazimierz Ostrowski (1917–1999), Polish painter
- Günther Schwarz (1928–2009), Protestant theologian and philologist
- Wacław Sieroszewski (1858–1945), writer, built the Villa Kadrowska on Steinberg, wrote the novel Brama na świat (Gateway to the World) about Gdynia
- Antoni Suchanek (1901–1982), marine painter, lived in Gdynia until his death
Honorary citizen
- Tadeusz Gocłowski (1931-2016), Archbishop of Gdansk (2002)
Fictional people
- Ernst Stavro Blofeld , arch-opponent of James Bond
- Janek Wiśniewski (Pieśń o Janku Wiśniewskim z Gdyni), a fictional person representing all those killed in the 1970 uprising in Poland
City leaders
- 1918–1926: Jan Radtke, community leader (wojt / Vogt)
- 1926–1928: August (yn) Krause, Burmistrz / Mayor
- 1928–1929: Hilary Ewert-Krzemieniewski, Mayor
- 1929–1931: Mieczysław Bilek, prezydent / President
- 1931–1939: vacancy (self-administration restricted by government commissioner)
- 1931: Bronisław Biały, komisarz rządu / government commissioner
- 1931–1932: Zygmunt Zabierzowski, government commissioner
- 1932–1933: Seweryn Czerwiński, government commissioner
- 1933–1939: Franciszek Sokół, government commissioner
- 1939: Lucjan Skupień, acting government commissioner
- 1939–1945: vacancy (no legitimate administration during the occupation)
- 1939–1945: Horst Schlichting, as Mayor of the Occupation / nadburmistrz
- 1945: Anatol Zbaraski, President
- 1945–1950: Henryk Zakrzewski, President
- 1950–1952: Antoni Kozłowski, przewodniczący Prezydium MRN / Chairman of the Presidium of the National City Council
- 1952: Alfred Miller, Chairman of the Presidium
- 1952–1954: Jan Depak, Chairman of the Presidium
- 1954–1959: Konstanty Rek, Chairman of the Presidium
- 1959–1968: Mieczysław Wójcik, Chairman of the Presidium
- 1968–1969: Teodor Czapczyk, Chairman of the Presidium
- 1969–1973: Jan Mariański, Chairman of the Presidium
- 1973–1979: Aleksy Latra, President
- 1979–1985: Jan Krzeczkowski, President
- 1985–1990: Zbigniew Biernat, President
- 1990: Zbigniew Koriat, President
- 1990–1998: Franciszka Cegielska (1946–2000), President
- since 1998: Wojciech Szczurek, President
Others
The place is namesake of Gdynia Point , Antarctica.
See also
- List of seaside resorts and resorts on the Baltic Sea in Poland
- Night fell over Gotenhafen (film)
- The Gustloff (film)
literature
- Wojciech Antoszkiewicz, Mariusz Jablonski, Bogdan Kwiatkowski and others: Gdynia: Tourist Vademecum [uniform title: Gdynia: vademecum turysty ; Ger.], Jerzy Dąbrowski (trans.), Gdynia Turystyczna, Gdynia 2009, ISBN 978-83-929211-0-3 .
- Hans Prutz : History of the Neustadt district in West Prussia . Danzig 1872 ( e-copy ).
Web links
- Official website of the city
- German-language publications about Gdynia / Gdynia at LitDok East Central Europe / Herder Institute (Marburg)
- Marko Martin: From Gdynia to freedom - and to death . In: Welt.de , December 29, 2013
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b population. Size and Structure by Territorial Division. As of June 30, 2019. Główny Urząd Statystyczny (GUS) (PDF files; 0.99 MiB), accessed December 24, 2019 .
- ↑ Rzeki, potoki, kanały Article about the Kacza on the website of the Mały Kacks district of July 4, 2016, accessed on April 10, 2016 (Polish)
- ↑ Gdynia (Gdynia) - From the fishing village to the "Window to the World" , accessed on June 1, 2019
- ↑ Modernism in Gdynia , documentation and routes to architecture through the city (Polish)
- ↑ Wojciech Antoszkiewicz, Mariusz Jablonski, Bogdan Kwiatkowski u. a .: Gdynia: Tourist Vademecum [uniform title: 'Gdynia: vademecum turysty'; Ger.], Jerzy Dąbrowski (trans.), Gdynia Turystyczna, Gdingen 2009, ISBN 978-83-929211-0-3 , p. 27.
- ↑ Wojciech Antoszkiewicz, Mariusz Jablonski, Bogdan Kwiatkowski u. a .: Gdynia: Tourist Vademecum [uniform title: 'Gdynia: vademecum turysty'; German], Jerzy Dąbrowski (ex.), Gdynia Turystyczna, Gdingen 2009, ISBN 978-83-929211-0-3 , p. 13 ff.
- ↑ From August 1, 1935, the institute published the new English-language magazine Baltic Countries (from 3rd year 1937 Baltic and Scandinavian Countries ), which was devoted to the problems of the countries bordering the Baltic Sea , as stated in the foreword of the opening edition , the publishers did not include Germany in this group, but took the province of East Prussia more into account from issue to issue. “The Polska Bibljografja Morza i Pomorza” (Polish. [Ische] Bibliography of the Sea and Pomeranian) by St. [anisław] Zieliński <302> is devoted to a specific question, published by the »Sea and Colonial League«, one of most active Polish associations in the struggle for a "greater Poland" appeared. … Zieliński does not stick to the title of his work »Pommerellen«, but often enough includes East Prussia in his considerations. The information in Polish newspaper and magazine articles that are otherwise difficult to obtain for Germans are valuable. ”Cf. “ Annual reports for German history, bibliography ” , on: Berlin-Brandenburg Academy of Sciences , accessed on September 27, 2011 (additions in square brackets and omissions not in the original)
- ↑ a b "Gdynia - היסטוריה" ( Memento of the original from November 29, 2014 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was automatically inserted and not yet checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. , on: Wirtualny Sztetl des Muzeum Historii Żydów Polskich (Museum of the History of Polish Jews) , accessed on September 27, 2011.
- ↑ Wojciech Antoszkiewicz, Mariusz Jablonski, Bogdan Kwiatkowski u. a .: Gdynia: Tourist Vademecum [uniform title: 'Gdynia: vademecum turysty'; Ger.], Jerzy Dąbrowski (trans.), Gdynia Turystyczna, Gdingen 2009, ISBN 978-83-929211-0-3 , p. 50.
- ↑ a b c d e f Historia Gdyni , section Powstanie o Rozwoj Portu i Miasta , accessed on September 27, 2011.
- ↑ a b Wojciech Antoszkiewicz, Mariusz Jablonski, Bogdan Kwiatkowski u. a .: Gdynia: Tourist Vademecum [uniform title: 'Gdynia: vademecum turysty'; Ger.], Jerzy Dąbrowski (ex.), Gdynia Turystyczna, Gdynia 2009, ISBN 978-83-929211-0-3 , p. 15.
- ↑ Wojciech Antoszkiewicz, Mariusz Jablonski, Bogdan Kwiatkowski u. a .: Gdynia: Tourist Vademecum [uniform title: 'Gdynia: vademecum turysty'; Ger.], Jerzy Dąbrowski (ex.), Gdynia Turystyczna, Gdingen 2009, ISBN 978-83-929211-0-3 , p. 26.
- ↑ The temporary barracks for emigrants at the port and another accommodation in Wejherowo have been given up. The Polish army now uses part of the emigrant accommodation in the barracks.
- ↑ a b Wojciech Antoszkiewicz, Mariusz Jablonski, Bogdan Kwiatkowski u. a .: Gdynia: Tourist Vademecum [uniform title: 'Gdynia: vademecum turysty'; Ger.], Jerzy Dąbrowski (ex.), Gdynia Turystyczna, Gdingen 2009, ISBN 978-83-929211-0-3 , p. 37.
- ↑ There were three reasons for this: 1. the emigration of German-speaking employees in administrative professions after the introduction of Polish as the official language, 2. the replacement of administrative employees with immigrants from the formerly Russian or Austro-Hungarian parts of the new Poland (both migrations were in Essentially completed by 1921) and 3. immigration from formerly Russian or Austro-Hungarian parts of the new Poland v. a. into blossoming Gdingen.
- ↑ Fate of the pre-war residents - Gdynia researches via the Internet , article on n-tv.de from September 12, 2008, accessed on June 2, 2019
- ↑ The “waiting city” - Gdynia - Gotenhafen (1926-1945) , dissertation by Małgorzata Stepko-Pape (2011), p. 345
- ^ Leopold Kraatz (ed.): Topographical-statistical manual of the Prussian state . Berlin 1856, p. 173
- ↑ The Big Brockhaus . 15th edition. 7th volume, Leipzig 1930, pp. 32-33.
- ↑ "Third pdf file" ( Memento of the original dated November 1, 2011 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link has been inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. , p. 56, on: Portal of the educational project "Miasto Gdynia w okresie II wojny światowej" of the city of Gdynia , accessed on October 5, 2011.
- ↑ "Stadtkreis Gotenhafen" , on: Territorial changes in Germany and German administered areas: 1874–1945 , accessed on October 5, 2011.
- ^ "Historia dzielnicy - kalendarium do 1956 r. Gdynia po wyzwoleniu “ ( Memento of the original dated November 4, 2011 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. , on: Rada Dzielnicy Śródmieście ( Memento of the original from November 4, 2011 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. , Website of the Gdynia City Center, accessed October 5, 2011.
- ↑ Rocznik statystyczny 1950 (Statistical Yearbook 1950) of Główny Urząd Statystyczny .
- ↑ Rocznik statystyczny 1955 (Statistical Yearbook 1955) of Główny Urząd Statystyczny .
- ↑ a b Dynia Wspolczesna . In: Historia Gdyni. Retrieved September 27, 2011.
- ↑ population. Size and Structure by Territorial Division. As of June 30, 2015 , accessed May 28, 2016
- ↑ The Imor on the website of the Institute for Oceanography (Polish / English)
- ↑ MILSET Expo-Sciences Europe - 'About' and Gdynia as the venue , accessed on June 9, 2019
- ↑ Wojciech Antoszkiewicz, Mariusz Jablonski, Bogdan Kwiatkowski u. a .: Gdynia: Tourist Vademecum [uniform title: 'Gdynia: vademecum turysty'; Ger.], Jerzy Dąbrowski (ex.), Gdynia Turystyczna, Gdingen 2009, ISBN 978-83-929211-0-3 , p. 42.
- ↑ Wojciech Antoszkiewicz, Mariusz Jablonski, Bogdan Kwiatkowski u. a .: Gdynia: Tourist Vademecum [uniform title: 'Gdynia: vademecum turysty'; Ger.], Jerzy Dąbrowski (trans.), Gdynia Turystyczna, Gdingen 2009, ISBN 978-83-929211-0-3 , p. 43.
- ↑ Wojciech Antoszkiewicz, Mariusz Jablonski, Bogdan Kwiatkowski u. a .: Gdynia: Tourist Vademecum [uniform title: 'Gdynia: vademecum turysty'; Ger.], Jerzy Dąbrowski (ex.), Gdynia Turystyczna, Gdingen 2009, ISBN 978-83-929211-0-3 , p. 46.
- ↑ Wojciech Antoszkiewicz, Mariusz Jablonski, Bogdan Kwiatkowski u. a .: Gdynia: Tourist Vademecum [uniform title: 'Gdynia: vademecum turysty'; Ger.], Jerzy Dąbrowski (trans.), Gdynia Turystyczna, Gdingen 2009, ISBN 978-83-929211-0-3 , p. 32.
- ^ Website of the Teatr Gdynia Główna
- ^ Result on the website of the election commission, accessed on July 25, 2020.
- ^ Result on the website of the election commission, accessed on July 25, 2020.
- ↑ http://gdynia.pl/bip/miasta-siostrzane/wspolpraca-z-miastami-siostrzanymi,341487
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