Skarszów Dolny

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Skarszów Dolny
Skarszów Dolny does not have a coat of arms
Skarszów Dolny (Poland)
Skarszów Dolny
Skarszów Dolny
Basic data
State : Poland
Voivodeship : Pomerania
Powiat : Slupsk
Gmina : Dębnica Kaszubska
Geographic location : 54 ° 22 '  N , 17 ° 7'  E Coordinates: 54 ° 21 '58 "  N , 17 ° 7' 11"  E
Residents :
Telephone code : (+48) 59
License plate : GSL
Economy and Transport
Next international airport : Danzig



Skarszów Dolny (German Unter Scharsow ) is a village in the powiat Słupski ( Stolp district ) in the Polish Pomeranian Voivodeship . It belongs to the rural community Dębnica Kaszubska ( Rathsdamnitz ).

Geographical location and transport links

Skarszów Dolny is located in Western Pomerania , about 13 kilometers southeast of the town of Słupsk ( Stolp ), three kilometers southwest of the church village Dębnica Kaszubska and 1.5 kilometers south of the village Skarszów Górny ( Hohen Scharsow ). About three kilometers east of the village runs the voivodeship road 210 Słupsk - Bytów ( Bütow ), with which it is connected by secondary roads.

The stream Skotawa ( Schottow ) flows through the village of Skarszów Dolny and flows into the Słupia ( Stolpe ) west of the village .

history

Scharsow parish

Under Scharsow is the old town center of the Gutsdorf Scharsow. It was in the form of a line village was created. The place of residence Hohen Scharsow came into being shortly after 1850, when the manor house of the old manor Scharsow (formerly also Scharschow ) was moved from the village center of the manor village Scharsow at the mouth of the Schottow brook into the Stolpe to the outside - to the field marrow of the estate. The residential area with the new manor house was given the place name Hohen Scharsow. Soon after the completion of the new manor house, the old manor buildings in the village center were torn down. Hohen Scharsow and the village of Scharsow had their own post offices in 1863.

The region of Scharsow and the surrounding villages of Kublitz, Schmaatz, Krampe and Lossin had belonged to the extensive large estates of the Counts of the Swenzones around 1300 . The village of Scharsow then came into the possession of Martin Stojentin and then went to Karsten Puttkamer . After that it became a fiefdom of the Wobeser family . Oswald von Wobeser sold Scharsow in 1727 to Felix Otto von Below on Kulsow, and in 1750 it went to Matthias Friedrich von Boehn . There was a patrimonial court in Scharsow well into the 19th century . After the Scharsow estate had been owned by the Boehn family for 90 years, it was sold in 1840 to Alexander Reyne, who in 1847 resold it to Gustav Meissner.

The water mill on the right bank of the Schottow belonged to the manor district, which was given out as long-lease property together with the associated land and real estate. In the lease agreement of November 3, 1789, a number of rights were agreed to which the mill owner was entitled, including:

  • free guarding on the Scharsower Feldmark
  • free firewood during the winter months, one load a week
  • 50% profit sharing in salmon fishing in the Schottow
  • Fishing in the mill pond with reservation of the manorial co-fishing
  • Boiler brewery for special occasions and for personal use
  • Collection of fees for third-party timber rafting and that
  • Right on the Schottow about 800 meters before its confluence with the Stolpe.

By order of the patrimonial court Scharsow of November 12, 1814, the mill was put up for auction in 1815. In 1847, when Gustav Meissner bought the property, the mill passed into his possession. Meissner sold the water mill and several hundred acres of land to Eduard Meyer in 1850. He converted the mill into an iron hammer factory. The Eisenhammer factory was in operation until 1945 and last served as a village forge.

Shortly after 1850, Meissner had a new manor house and new farm buildings built on the estate's field mark. The new village of Hohen Scharsow developed from this in the period that followed.

On December 3, 1864 there were 59 residents in the district of Scharsow and 259 in the manor district of Scharsow. By August 1876, Scharsow had joined the Rummelsburg i. Pom. heard. On August 10, 1876, Scharsow, together with the communities of Cunsow and Quackenburg, was spun off from the Rummelsburg district and incorporated into the district of Stolp . In 1880 a major fire destroyed the manor house and part of the farm buildings of the new Hohen Scharsow estate. This misfortune and his tendency to gamble drove Gustav Meissner into bankruptcy. The new owner of the Hohen Scharsow estate was Friedrich Wilhelm Zielke (born March 30, 1836 in Stresow, Stolp district, † 1894 in Hohen Scharsow) in 1882. His son, Karl Ludwig Zielke, modernized the estate since 1910 and bought the Labuhn estate. In 1938, the Hohen Scharsow estate was 1,056 hectares in size, of which 350 hectares were arable land.

In the districts of Hohen Scharsow, Eisenhammer and Unter Scharsow together there were a total of 25 residential buildings in 1925, and in the municipality of Scharsow, which had a total area of ​​787 hectares, a total of 236 inhabitants lived in 1939, who were spread over 53 households. In addition to Gut Neuen Scharsow, there were three farms in the community of Scharsow, a general store and the small village blacksmith, which made use of the water power of the Schottow and was a tourist attraction due to its age.

Before 1945 the municipality belonged to the district of Stolp , administrative district Köslin , the province of Pomerania . There were a total of three places to live in the community of Scharsow:

Towards the end of the Second World War , the community of Scharsow with its districts of Hohen Scharsow, Eisenhammer and Unter Scharsow received an evacuation order on March 6, 1945 when the Red Army approached. The next morning, the villagers went on a trek to escape, with the exception of about ten people who stayed in the village. The trek passed via Rathsdamnitz, Dübsow, Puttkamerhof, Schwarz Damerow and Labuhn into the Lauenburg district and was then overrun by Soviet troops; the villagers had to return. Sharsov was occupied by Soviet Army troops on March 8, 1945 . Only about thirteen villagers managed to escape with the Wehrmacht to Danzig and from there by ship to Schleswig-Holstein . There were numerous attacks by Soviet soldiers against the civilian population. The last owner and operator of the Eisenhammer works, Walter Meyer, was shot when the Soviet troops marched in. Many villagers were abducted, some of them remained missing. Since October 1945 Poles came to the municipality of Scharsow and took over the houses and farms of the Germans. In the period that followed, the villagers were driven out .

124 villagers who had come from Scharsow in the Federal Republic of Germany and 66 in the GDR were identified later .

church

The population present in Scharsow before 1945 was Protestant. Originally, Scharsow belonged to the parish of the St. Petri Church in the Stolp-Altstadt parish. Scharsow was later repared to the parish of Rathsdamnitz and since then has belonged to the Stolp-Stadt parish. Around 1860 there was a member of the Seehofian sect, which was relatively well represented in Western Pomerania at that time, in Scharsow .

school

Before 1945, the community of Scharsow had its own elementary school. This was single-stage in 1932; a single teacher was teaching 54 school children there at the time.

Skarszów Dolny

The village is now part of the Gmina Dębnica Kaszubska in the Powiat Słupski of the Pomeranian Voivodeship . The district under Scharsow was renamed Skarszów Dolny . In 2006 Skarszów Dolny had 55 inhabitants.

literature

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Ludwig Wilhelm Brüggemann : Detailed description of the current state of the Königl. Prussian Duchy of Western and Western Pomerania . Part II, Volume 2, Stettin 1784, No. 57 .
  2. ↑ Official Gazette of the Royal Government of Köslin , No. 40 of October 7, 1863, p. 190, Announcement No. 314 .
  3. ↑ a b Official Gazette of the Royal Government of Pomerania , No. 2 of January 15, 1815, Public Gazette as a supplement, pp. 3-4 .
  4. ^ Results of the property and building tax assessment in the administrative district of Köslin, 7th district of Rummelsburg . Berlin 1866, p. 10, No. 93 and 94 .
  5. ↑ CA Starke, Ed .: German Gender Book , Volume 140, Limburg an der Lahn 1965, p. 3.
  6. ↑ Gunthard Stübs and Pomeranian Research Association: The community of Scharsow in the former Stolp district (2011).
  7. ^ A b Karl-Heinz Pagel : The district of Stolp in Pomerania . Lübeck 1989, pp. 857-858 ( Online; PDF )
  8. ^ Georg von Hirschfeld : Religious Statistics of the Prussian Monarchy . Arnsberg 1866, p. 86, top left column .