District of Lauenburg i. Pom.

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Location in Pomerania
The district area 1905

The district of Lauenburg i. Pom. , located in Western Pomerania , was the easternmost district of the Prussian province of Pomerania from 1846 to 1945 . Its county seat was the city of Lauenburg i. Pom. The former district area is now in the Polish Pomeranian Voivodeship .

geography

The district was on the Baltic coast , its southernmost tip protruded about 40 kilometers into the interior of the country. In the west, the Leba river partially formed the border before dividing the district into a north and a south half. In the east, the district bordered the province of West Prussia and from 1920 onwards, as a result of the establishment of the Polish Corridor, on Poland. In the south the Pomeranian terminal moraine dominated the landscape with extensive forest areas, north of the Leba a ground moraine landscape defined by arable soils extended . Both south and north of the Leba there were elevations such as Dombromaberg with 210 meters and the Schlüsselberg with 115 meters in the north. Two striking lakes marked the western and eastern borders in the north, the Lebasee and the Zarnowitzer See . In 1910 the district had an area of ​​1229 km².

Administrative history

The Lauenburg district was established on January 1, 1846 from the northern part of the Lauenburg-Bütow district , the Lauenburg district. The Lauenburg-Bütow district emerged in 1773 from the Lauenburg and Bütow lands . The district belonged to the administrative district of Köslin in the Prussian province of Pomerania . Its name later changed to Lauenburg i. Pomm. and was last Lauenburg i. Pom. The district in 1871 included the cities of Lauenburg and Leba , 70 rural communities and 110 manor districts .

When after the end of the First World War most of the province of West Prussia fell to Poland as a result of the Treaty of Versailles , the villages of Burgsdorf, Fredrichsrode, Kniewenbruch, Kolkau , Ockalitz, Oppalin, Prüssau , west of the Zarnowitz Lake , came from the disbanded West Prussian district of Neustadt , Rauschendorf, Reckendorf and Rieben to the Lauenburg district. As a result of the increase in the area, the area of ​​the district increased to 1289 km².

On September 30, 1929, in the Lauenburg i. Pom. In line with the development in the rest of Prussia, a territorial reform took place in which all independent manor districts were dissolved and assigned to neighboring rural communities. With the introduction of the Prussian Municipal Constitution Act of December 15, 1933, there was a uniform municipal constitution for all Prussian municipalities from January 1, 1934. With the introduction of the German municipal code of January 30, 1935, the leader principle was enforced on April 1, 1935 at the municipal level . A new district constitution was no longer created; The district regulations for the provinces of East and West Prussia, Brandenburg, Pomerania, Silesia and Saxony from March 19, 1881 continued to apply. On January 1, 1939, the “district” of Lauenburg i. Pom. in accordance with the now uniform rule in the empire, the designation "district".

In the spring of 1945 the Red Army conquered the area of ​​the district. It was handed over to the administration of the People's Republic of Poland . In the following period , this drove the population of the district to Germany and settled it through Poland .

Demographics

Population development until 1945
year Residents Remarks
1846 33,989
1867 42,979 thereof 39,867 Evangelicals, 2,209 Catholics and 431 Jews, 630 Poles (in the south-eastern and north-eastern district)
1871 42,811
1890 43,517
1900 45,986
1910 52,851
1925 62,115
1933 62,434
1939 62,287

District administrators

  • 1846–1852 Werner von Selchow (1806–1884)00
  • 1852-1883 00Swantus von Bonin
  • 1883–1885 00Friedländer
  • 1885–1894 00by Köller
  • 1894–1909 Hermann von Somnitz († 1925)00
  • 1909–1917 Wilhelm Kutscher (1876–1962)00
  • 1917–1934 00Arnold Kreßmann
  • 1934–1937 Gustav Berlin (1878–1955)00
  • 1937–1939 00Artur Heemann
  • 1939-1944 00Artur
  • 1944–1945 00Malmendier

Districts, cities and municipalities

Districts

The rural parishes of the district were divided into 29 administrative districts in the 1930s . The cities of the district were free of office.

  • Bismark
  • Charbrow
  • Felstow
  • Free
  • Gnewin
  • Greater Boschpol
  • Gross Jannewitz
  • Kolkau
  • Krampkewitz
  • Labehn
  • Lischnitz
  • Neuendorf
  • Neuhof
  • Ossecken
  • Rettkewitz
  • Rubbed
  • Roschütz
  • Roslasin
  • Sassin
  • Saulin
  • Schimmerwitz
  • Schwartow
  • Schweslin
  • Dew fuel
  • Vietzig
  • Wierschutzin
  • Wussow
  • Zelasen
  • Zewitz

cities and communes

In the last few years of its existence, the Lauenburg district comprised two cities and 99 other communities. The renaming from 1937 is not yet included in the following list:

Dissolved communities

  • Burgsdorf, to Bychow on January 1, 1936
  • Rosgars, in 1928 to Groß Jannewitz
  • Rybienke, 1930 on Althammer
  • Scharschow, converted into an estate district around 1900, moved to Vietzig in 1928
  • Schwartowke, to Schwartow in 1928

Name changes

In 1937 some place names were Germanized. These were mostly phonetic adjustments, translations or free inventions:

Infrastructure

In 1939 63,985 people lived in the district of Lauenburg, which corresponds to a population density of around 49 inhabitants per square kilometer. In addition to the district town of Lauenburg with 19,800 inhabitants, Leba was the second town in the district with 2,800 inhabitants (1939 each). There were also 99 rural communities. 75 percent of the population was employed, the majority of them in agriculture and forestry (60%). Industry, too, was mainly oriented towards agricultural needs. Fishing was carried out on the coast.

Two nationally important country roads ran through the district, the Reichsstraße from Stolp to Danzig and the country road from Leba to Graudenz, which ran from north to south. The connection to the Germany-wide rail network has been provided by the Berlin-Stettiner Eisenbahn-Gesellschaft since 1870 with the Stargard – Danzig RB.111.0 * line . The district town of Lauenburg, which was developed into a local railway junction by the Prussian State Railways, was also due to it. Branch lines were opened:

A railway line opened up the north of the district, which was built by two companies in which the district was involved. In 1902, Kleinbahn AG Neustadt-Prüssau started operations in what was then the West Prussian neighboring district and extended the line in 1905 to Chottschow [1939: Gotendorf] in the Lauenburg district. In 1910, the Gotendorf – Garzigar small railway joined the state railway line Lauenburg – Leba to the west on RB.113.y * . From 1910 to 1926 Kleinbahn AG Freest – Bergensin operated a freight railway south of Leba.

Two nationally important country roads also ran through the district, the Reichsstraße from Stolp to Danzig and the country road from Leba to Graudenz, which ran from north to south.

* The numbers refer to the German course book 1939

literature

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. Area information at gemeindeververzeichnis.de
  2. a b The municipalities and manor districts of the province of Pomerania and their population in 1871
  3. ^ Territorial.de: District of Lauenburg
  4. a b Pomerania information system: Lauenburg district
  5. Royal Statistical Bureau (ed.): Mittheilungen des Statistisches Bureau's in Berlin, Volume 2 . Population of the districts. S. 316 ( digitized ).
  6. ^ Gustav Neumann : Geography of the Prussian State . 2nd edition, Berlin 1874, pp. 129–130, item 6.
  7. a b c d e f g Michael Rademacher: German administrative history from the unification of the empire in 1871 to the reunification in 1990. Lauenburg district. (Online material for the dissertation, Osnabrück 2006).