Network circle

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Netzekreis (in red), formed from parts of the former Poznan circles (Czarnikau, Filehne and Kolmar) with their former borders (in gray), 1919

The Netzekreis was from 1919 to 1945, a county in the Posen-West Prussia . Its administrative seat was the district town of Schönlanke . The landscape of the district was shaped by the Ice Age . The glacial valley of the Netze in the south formed the southern border with Poland . Today the former district is located in the Polish Greater Poland Voivodeship .

history

Map of the border mark Posen-West Prussia with network district, 1922

In the 18th century , the area of ​​the Netzekreis belonged to the Netzedistrikt , which became part of Prussia with the first division of Poland in 1772 . From 1807 to 1815 the area belonged to the Duchy of Warsaw and from 1815 to the administrative district of Bromberg in the Prussian province of Posen .

After the end of the First World War, large parts of the province of Poznan were occupied by Polish militants in the course of the Poznan uprising before a peace treaty was signed . Since August 2, 1919, the parts of the Czarnikau , Filehne and Kolmar districts that remained in the German Reich were jointly administered from Schönlanke in Posen . On November 20, 1919, the area was subordinated to the new administrative district Grenzmark West Prussia-Posen with headquarters in Schneidemühl . The formal merger to form the new network district took place on December 15, 1919. On January 10, 1920, the Versailles Treaty came into force, according to which all areas of the former districts of Czarnikau, Filehne and Kolmar in Posen south of the new German-Polish border were now formally Polish .

On January 11, 1921, the administrative district "Grenzmark West Prussia-Posen" was renamed "Grenzmark Posen-West Prussia". On July 1, 1922, the new province Grenzmark Posen-West Prussia was formed from the administrative district. The new administrative district of Schneidemühl was formed on August 1, 1922, congruent with the province . On September 30, 1929, in line with developments in the rest of Prussia, a regional reform took place in the Netzekreis, in which almost all independent manor districts were dissolved and assigned to neighboring rural communities.

In 1936 the municipality of Lukatz-Kreuz was renamed Kreuz (Ostbahn) and made a town.

At the. On October 1, 1938, the Netzekreis was incorporated into the Province of Pomerania after the Grenzmark Posen-West Prussia province was dissolved . The administrative district of Schneidemühl was given the name "Grenzmark Posen-West Prussia" for reasons of tradition. In spring 1945 the district was conquered by the Red Army and placed under Polish administration after the war .

Population development

year 1925 1933 1939
Residents 40,793 41,020 39,178
Evangelical
Catholics
Jews 		32,970
7,070
491 		33,116
7,329
403 		31,518
6,896
144

politics

District administrators

Local constitution

The Netzekreis was divided into the town of Schönlanke, into rural communities and - until their almost complete dissolution in 1929 - into independent manor districts . With the introduction of the Prussian Municipal Constitutional Law of December 15, 1933 and the German Municipal Code of January 30, 1935, the leader principle was enforced at the municipal level on April 1, 1935 . In accordance with the earlier Poznan law, the municipalities were not grouped into administrative districts , but into much larger police districts.

Police districts, cities and towns

Police districts

In the 1930s, the rural communities of the Netzekreis were divided into the six police districts Groß Drensen, Kreuz, Filehne Castle, Schneidemühl, Schönlanke I and Schönlanke II. The cities of the district were free of office.

Cities and municipalities 1945

At the end of its existence in 1945, the Netzekreis comprised the two cities of Kreuz (Ostbahn) and Schönlanke and 57 other communities:

  • Ashtray
  • Behle
  • Buchwerder
  • Corda
  • Czarnikau
  • Dragefeld
  • Ehrbardorf
  • Eichberg
  • Filehne
  • Fissahn
  • Floth
  • Follstein
  • Grumpy
  • Glassworks
  • Gornitz
  • Great Drensen
  • Big Kotten
  • Big Lubs
  • Green fours
  • hammer
  • Hansfelde
  • Little hut
  • Ivenbusch
  • Karlshorst
  • Karolina
  • Kienwerder
  • Klein Drensen
  • Small lubs
  • Kottenhammer
  • Kreuz (Ostbahn), city
  • Küddowtal
  • Lemnitz
  • Ludwigsdorf
  • Marienbusch
  • Mariendorf
  • Minette rest
  • Mischke
  • New Behle
  • Neudorf
  • Neuhöfen
  • Niekosken
  • Cute
  • Putzighauland
  • Radolin
  • Radosiev
  • Runau
  • Schönlanke, city
  • Selchow
  • Selchowhammer
  • Sophienberg
  • goldfinch
  • Gulls
  • Straduhn
  • Theerofen
  • Theresia
  • Usch
  • Usch Hauland
  • Wiesental
  • Zaskerhütte

The uninhabited community-free manor districts of Forst Behle, Forst Filehne Schloß, Forst Neuhochzeit and Forst Schönlanke were also located in the Netzekreis.

Name changes

Due to the demarcation established in 1920, only the parts of the three cities of Czarnikau , Filehne and Usch to the north of the network remained in the German Empire. These areas continued to exist in the Netzekreis as the communities Deutsch Czarnikau , Deutsch Filehne and Deutsch Usch . In 1937 the prefix “German” was dropped in these three communities.

literature

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ^ A b Michael Rademacher: German administrative history from the unification of the empire in 1871 to the reunification in 1990. District Netzekreis. (Online material for the dissertation, Osnabrück 2006).
  2. ↑ territorial.de: Police districts in the network district