Belgard (Persante) county

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The district of Belgard (Persante) , until 1939 the district of Belgard , was a Prussian district in Western Pomerania until 1945 . Its county seat was the town of Belgard , situated on the Persante . The former district area is now in the Powiats Białogardzki and Świdwiński in the Polish West Pomeranian Voivodeship .

history

Belgard-Polzin district in the 18th century
The district area 1905
Schmenzin manor around 1860, Alexander Duncker collection
Redel manor around 1860, Alexander Duncker collection
Siedkow manor around 1860, Alexander Duncker collection

In Western Pomerania, which had belonged to Brandenburg-Prussia since 1648 , a district reform was carried out in 1724. The number of counties and associated district administrators was noticeably reduced in order to lessen the strong territorial fragmentation that had arisen as a result of the complicated aristocratic estates in Western Pomerania. The Belgard and Polzin districts, which already existed at that time, were merged into one group with effect from January 1, 1725, which was called the Belgard-Polzinscher Kreis in the linguistic usage at the time . The district included the cities of Belgard and Polzin , the royal office of Belgard and a large number of noble villages and estates .

As a result of the Prussian provincial authorities ordinance of April 30, 1815, the district became part of the Köslin government district in the Pomerania province . During the Pomeranian district reform of 1818, the two villages Brutzen and Groß Poplow , which had previously belonged to the West Prussian Netzedistrikt, were added to the district, which was now only called the Belgard district after its district town . In 1828 the villages of Jagertow and Kollatz (until then in communion of the Belgard and Neustettin districts ) were fully integrated into the district.

In 1871, the towns of Belgard and Polzin, 73 rural communities and 95 manor districts belonged to the Belgard district . On September 30, 1929, a regional reform took place in the Belgard district as in the rest of the Free State of Prussia , in which all independent manor districts were dissolved and assigned to neighboring rural communities.

In 1910, the Belgard district covered an area of ​​1132 km². During the Prussian district reform of October 1, 1932, the district was significantly enlarged:

  • With the exception of the three communities of Labenz, Nuthagen and Rützow, the dissolved Schivelbein district was incorporated into the Belgard district.
  • The district of Neu Buckow, consisting of the three communities Groß Satspe , Klein Satspe and Neu Buckow , became the district of Belgard from the dissolved Bublitz district.

In the further course of the 1930s, the district name Belgard (Persante) was introduced. On January 1, 1939, the received county Belgard (Persante) the designation in accordance with the rich now unified control district . In 1939 a total of 79,183 inhabitants lived in the district on an area of ​​1649.49 km² with a population density of 48 inhabitants / km². 48 percent of the population lived in the three cities of Belgard (16,456), Bad Polzin (6920) and Schivelbein (9714). In terms of area, the district was the fourth largest in the province of Pomerania, and in terms of population it was fifth.

In the spring of 1945 the district was occupied by the Red Army . After the war ended, the district was placed under Polish administration by the Soviet occupying forces in the summer of 1945 .

Population development

year Residents source
1797 16,682
1816 18.808
1846 33,528
1871 44.102
1890 44,547
1900 47.097
1910 48.504
1925 53,918
1933 76,894
1939 77,062

During the territorial reform of 1932, the circle was significantly enlarged.

Belgard district: Seal of the district administrator

politics

District administrators

Local constitution

The Belgard district was divided into cities, rural communities and - until their complete dissolution in 1929 - into independent manor districts. With the introduction of the Prussian Municipal Constitutional Act of December 15, 1933, there was a uniform municipal constitution for all Prussian municipalities from January 1, 1934. On April 1, 1935, with the introduction of the German Municipal Code of January 30, 1935, a uniform municipal constitution came into force in the German Reich, according to which the previous rural municipalities were now referred to as municipalities . These were grouped together in administrative districts . A new district constitution was no longer created; The district regulations for the provinces of East and West Prussia, Brandenburg, Pomerania, Silesia and Saxony from March 19, 1881 continued to apply.

Districts, cities and municipalities

Districts

The rural communities of the district were divided into 40 administrative districts since 1932 . The cities of the district were free of office.

cities and communes

At the end of its existence in 1945, the Belgard district comprised three towns and 126 other municipalities:

Dissolved communities

Name changes

Seeligsfelde (now Polish: Szeligowo) was renamed Eichenfelde (Pom.) On December 29, 1937 .

religion

The population in the district of Belgard (Persante) has belonged almost entirely to the Protestant faith since the Reformation . In the census on May 17, 1939, 96.6 percent of the population admitted to him. The proportion of Roman Catholic Christians was 1.4 percent and the “believers in God” made up 0.9 percent.

Protestant church

The parishes in the district belonged to the ecclesiastical province of Pomerania of the Protestant Church of the Old Prussian Union . In the area of ​​the district there were two church districts , namely Belgard and Schivelbein, whose borders largely coincided with those of the former two districts (before 1932).

With the parishes of Karvin, Kerstin and Körlin, however, it reached into the Kolberg-Körlin district since 1931, after the Körlin parish was abolished and the three parishes came to the Belgard parish. On the other hand, large and small Satspe belonged to the Seeger parish in the parish of Köslin; Tietzow and Warnin were looked after by the Schwellin parish in the church district of Bublitz. When Labenz, Nuthagen and Rützow became part of the Dramburg district in the course of the dissolution of the Schivelbein district , the Labenz and Rützow parishes remained with the Schivelbein parish, whereas Schlenzig zu Petershagen came to the Kolberg parish and Ritzig zu Wusterwitz came to the Dramburg parish.

With 58,750 parishioners, the Belgard parish was one of the largest in the province. It comprised 18 parishes (parishes) with 19 branch parishes with 22 pastors, 39 churches and four chapels.

The Schivelbein parish had 26,689 members, 13 parishes (parishes) with 21 subsidiary parishes, 14 pastors and 34 churches.

With the end of the Second World War, the number of Germans and thus also of Protestant Christians dwindled to a minimum. They are looked after by the rectory in Köslin and belong to the diocese of Pomerania-Greater Poland of the Evangelical-Augsburg Church in Poland . In the Belgarder Georgenkirche , which now belongs to the Polish Catholic Church, Protestant services in Polish and German take place on a regular basis.

Catholic Church

In the first centuries after the Reformation there were practically no Catholics in the Belgard area. In the middle of the 19th century it is still reported that the few Catholic Christians in the Belgardsche Kreis were from time to time cared for by clergy from the Catholic community in Köslin or Kolberg.

From 1887 on, holy masses were read in an inn in Belgard. Church construction plans were dashed. In 1915, the first Catholic priest after the Reformation took office in Belgard. In a wagon shed belonging to a master blacksmith there was a room that was sufficient as an emergency church.

On November 12, 1920, the foundation stone was finally laid for a new church, and the topping-out ceremony was celebrated on December 16, 1920. After the parish apartment could be moved into on July 25, 1921, the solemn consecration of the new church on Pankniner Strasse took place on August 24, 1921. In 1925 the parish had 300 parishioners.

In summer 1945 the Marienkirche and the Georgenkirche in Belgard were assigned to the Polish Catholic Church . The small church on Pankniner Strasse was only used as a parish and parsonage.

In Schivelbein with a catchment area as far as Dramburg and Rummelsburg , an own pastor was hired in 1863. A private apartment rented in 1858 served as the chapel room. In 1868 the rental chapel was replaced by a mission house with a chapel, school and apartment under one roof. In 1883 the community was left to its own devices again due to a lack of priests, and masses were held sporadically in Kolberg and Köslin.

It was not until 1900 that the community received its own pastor again. Schivelbein himself counted 29 Catholics out of 7,700 inhabitants. In 1925 there were 50 Schivelbeiners out of 400 parishioners in the entire parish.

Jewish religious community

In 1826 a synagogue was built on Belgarder Jägerstrasse. Until the First World War there was neither overt nor hidden anti-Semitism. That changed in the 1920s. When the son of the master baker Klotz was shot on Heerstrasse during the Kapp Putsch , it was claimed that the fatal shot had come from a Jewish house, that of Mr. Moses. Only gradually did calm return after this event.

In 1933 the congregation had about 130 members. On April 1, 1933, a boycott day was proclaimed, and SA people marched in front of all Jewish shops. But back then there were repeated demonstrations of sympathy for the Jews. However, these could not stop the course of history.

traffic

Belgard and the former district town of Schivelbein had already been connected to each other in 1859 by the Stargard – Köslin line of the Berlin-Stettiner Eisenbahn-Gesellschaft ( 111 ), and at the same time in Belgard the 111n was a branch line to Kolberg .

A section of the Prussian Eastern Railway to Gramenz – Neustettin ( 111n ) also departed from the Belgard junction in 1878 . The Prussian State Railways ran a branch line from Schivelbein to Bad Polzin ( 111m ) in 1896/97 ; from there it was built in 1903 on the one hand to Gramenz and on the other hand to Falkenburg ( 111k + m ).

The district town of Belgard was finally the starting point for two narrow-gauge railways that were put into operation by the " United Small Railways of the Districts of Köslin, Bublitz, Belgard " in 1905 to Schwellin in the district of Köslin and in 1909 to Rarfin ( 113v + w ).

Personalities

The doctor and politician Rudolf Virchow was born on October 13, 1821 in Schivelbein, his mother came from Belgard.

literature

Web links

Commons : Landkreis Belgard  - Collection of pictures, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Monuments of the Prussian State Administration in the 18th century . Authority organization and general state administration. In: Royal Academy of Sciences (ed.): Acta Borussica . tape 4 . Paul Parey, Berlin 1908, new division and reduction of the rear Pomeranian circles 1723/24 , p. 171 ( digitized version ).
  2. ^ Johann Ernst Fabri: Geography for all estates . Schwickertscher Verlag, Leipzig 1793, chap. Prussian Western Pomerania, p. 538 ( digitized version ).
  3. ^ Fritz Curschmann, Ernst Rubow: Pomeranian district map sheet 2 . The Pomeranian circles before and after 1818. In: Landesgeschichtliche Forschungsstelle der Provinz Pommern (Hrsg.): Historischer Atlas von Pommern . 1935 ( digitized ).
  4. ^ Berthold Schulze: The reform of the administrative districts in Brandenburg and Pomerania 1809-1818, page 94 . with the support of the Historical Commission for the Province of Pomerania. In: Individual writings of the historical commission for the province of Brandenburg . Gsellius, Berlin 1931 ( digitized version ).
  5. ↑ a b The municipalities and manor districts of the province of Pomerania and their population in 1871
  6. ↑ a b c area information at www.gemeindeververzeichnis.de
  7. ^ Ordinance on the reorganization of districts from August 1, 1932 . In: Prussian Law Collection 1932 . Berlin August 3, 1932 ( digitized version ).
  8. ↑ Georg Hassel: Statistical outline of all European states . The statistical view and special statistics of Central Europe. Vieweg, Braunschweig 1805, p. 44 ( digitized version ).
  9. ^ Christian Gottfried Daniel Stein: Handbook of Geography and Statistics of the Prussian State . Vossische Buchhandlung, Berlin 1819, The administrative district Cöslin, p. 232 ( digitized version [accessed on May 5, 2016]).
  10. ↑ Royal Statistical Bureau (ed.): Mittheilungen des Statistisches Bureau's in Berlin, Volume 2 . Population of the districts. S. 316 ( digitized ).
  11. ↑ a b c d e f g Michael Rademacher: German administrative history: District Belgard. (No longer available online.) Archived from the original on March 24, 2016 ; accessed on March 2, 2017 . Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.geschichte-on-demand.de
  12. ^ Belgard district in the Pomeranian information system.