District of Greifenberg i. Pom.

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Location in the province of Pomerania within the limits of 1945

The district of Greifenberg i. Pom. , until 1939 Greifenberg district , was a Prussian district in Western Pomerania . After the Second World War , the area was placed under Polish administration in the summer of 1945 in accordance with the Potsdam Agreement . The district is now in the West Pomeranian Voivodeship .

Geographical location

The 785 square kilometer district was located in the center of the province of Pomerania on the Baltic Sea coast and extended up to 35 kilometers to the south. The Rega flows through the district and flows into the Baltic Sea north of Treptow. In the Middle Ages, the Rega was an important waterway that was of great importance for the economy of the district. The area is dominated by meadows and heathland, and it has only a few forests. Today the former district is located in the northwest of the Polish West Pomeranian Voivodeship.

history

The district of Greifenberg (X.) in the 18th century
The district from 1818 to 1945

When the Duchy of Pomerania emerged in the 12th century, the area of ​​the later district of Greifenberg was under the rule of Duke Wartislaw I from the family of the Griffins . At the time of the founding of the Pomeranian city in the middle of the 13th century, the descendants of Bogislaw I were masters of this area, so Duke Wartislaw III founded. von Demmin in 1262 later became the district town of Greifenberg . After the extinction of the Griffin family in 1637, the East Pomeranian territories fell to Brandenburg-Prussia , which carried out a new district subdivision, in which the Greifenberg district was also formed. The district, whose area was severely fragmented due to the aristocratic ownership structure, included the cities of Greifenberg and Treptow an der Rega , the royal offices of Suckow, Sulzhorst and Treptow and a large number of aristocratic villages and estates .

Since 1816 the district has belonged to the administrative district of Stettin in the Pomeranian province . The district area was rounded off by the district reform in the administrative district of Stettin on January 1, 1818 . The Greifenberg district gave 69 villages to the Cammin district and 29 villages to the Fürstenthum district . Thirteen villages from the Cammin district and three villages from the Ostenschen district moved to the Greifenberg district . The city of Greifenberg was named a district town.

In 1871 the Greifenberg district comprised the cities of Greifenberg and Treptow an der Rega, 85 rural communities and 53 manor districts . On September 30, 1929, a regional reform took place in the district as in the rest of Prussia, in which almost all manor districts were dissolved and assigned to neighboring rural communities. On January 1, 1939, the district of Greifenberg was given the designation Landkreis in accordance with the now unified regulation . In the same year, the district was reclassified from the administrative district of Stettin to the administrative district of Köslin of the Pomeranian province.

In 1939, the two cities of Greifenberg with 10,800 inhabitants and Treptow an der Rega with 10,900 inhabitants, 80 other municipalities and two community-free manor districts belonged to the district. The total population of the district was 47,891 at the 1939 census. The district area was mainly agricultural, so before the Second World War almost 60 percent of the workforce worked in agriculture and forestry. In addition to the industrial operations, coastal fishing took up a significant part, and with the Baltic seaside resorts of Rewal and Horst, a number of jobs were also created through tourism.

The population of the district, which is mainly characterized by agriculture, was politically generally conservative, as was largely the rest of the population of Western Pomerania and other rural residential areas in Germany. In the vote in the 1933 Reichstag election , which was influenced by Nazi propaganda , the individual parties received the following shares of votes: NSDAP 64%, Deutschnationale 20%, SPD 11%, KPD 3% and other 2%. The two left-wing parties SPD and KPD together received 14%, while it was 31% across Germany.

In the spring of 1945, the district was occupied by the Red Army and, after the end of the war in the summer of 1945, the Soviet occupying power, in accordance with the Potsdam Agreement, placed the whole of Western Pomerania under Polish administration. Most of the residents of the district were subsequently evicted by the local Polish administrative authorities .

In the West Pomeranian Voivodeship , the Powiat Gryficki now exists in other borders .

Population development

year Residents source
1797 25,795
1846 34,427
1871 37,391
1890 35,039
1900 37,483
1910 41,152
1925 43,188 1
1933 43,794
1939 46.210
1 including 42,092 Protestants, 803 Catholics, 41 other Christians and 164 Jews

District administrators

0000–1739 Ernst Ludwig von Voigt00
1739–1792 George Ulrich von Lettow (1714–1792)00
1792–1795 Adam von Grape (1734–1795)00
1795–1804 Hans Georg Alexander Friedrich von Köller (1752–1820)00
1805– Johann Wilhelm Christoph Steobanus von Wriechen (1755–1821)000000
1818–1853 Heinrich von der Marwitz00
1855– Hermann von der Marwitz (1814–1885)000000
0000–1883 Carl von Woedtke (1824–1901)00
1883–1894 Reinhold von Woedtke (1828–1898)00
1894–1923 Adolf Gerhard Ludwig von Thadden (1858–1932)00
1924–1945 Hans Heinrich von Holstein (1888–1978)00

Districts, cities and municipalities

Districts

The rural parishes of the district were divided into 18 administrative districts in the 1930s . The cities of the district were free of office.

Cities and municipalities 1945

In 1945 there were two towns, 80 rural communities and a community-free manor district in the Greifenberg district:

Cities

Rural communities

Manor district free of parish

Dissolved communities

  • Belbuck , on October 1, 1937 partly to the Remonteamt Neuhof and to the city of Treptow
  • Groß Horst and Klein Horst , merged in 1936/37 to form the municipality of Horst (Seebad)
  • Johannisthal, about 1929 to Dresow
  • Klein Moitzow, about 1929 in Zirkwitz
  • Küssin, about 1929 in Gützelfitz
  • Völzin, about 1929 to Ribbekardt
  • Zicker , about 1929 in Rütznow

Transport network

The Greifenberg district was not connected to the Prussian railway network> 111.d < until 1882 by the Altdamm-Colberger Eisenbahn-Gesellschaft . In 1906 the Prussian State Railways only built the connection from Treptow to Cammin parallel to the coast> 111.f <.

In the meantime, Greifenberger Kleinbahnen AG , in which the district and the cities of Greifenberg and Treptow were involved, had put a network of narrow-gauge railways into operation, which covered around 115 km in the district and a further 50 km in the neighboring district of Cammin. The track width was initially 750 mm, but since 1901 1000 mm.

Construction began in 1896 with the stretch from Greifenberg via Karnitz to the seaside resort Horst> 113.n <; In 1898 the line followed from Greifenberg to Dargislaff in the east of the district 113.p. The connection to Gülzow in the neighboring district was added in 1901> 113.q <. The town of Treptow then became the starting point for three lines: 1907 to Dargislaff> 113.p <, 1912 to Deep on the Baltic Sea> 113.o <and 1913 to Horst Seebad> 113.n <.

In Dummadel a line of the Kolberger Kleinbahn AG branched off to Mühlenbruch from> 113.p² < since 1899 . At the beginning of 1940 the small railway network was integrated into the Pomeranian State Railways .

(The numbers in> <refer to the German course book 1939).

literature

Web links

Commons : District of Greifenberg i. Pom.  - Collection of pictures, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Johann Ernst Fabri: Geography for all estates . Schwickertscher Verlag, Leipzig 1793, chap. Prussian Western Pomerania, p. 493 ( digitized version ).
  2. ^ Fritz Curschmann, Ernst Rubow: Pomeranian district map sheet 1 . The Pomeranian circles before and after 1818. In: Landesgeschichtliche Forschungsstelle der Provinz Pommern (Hrsg.): Historischer Atlas von Pommern . 1935 ( digitized ).
  3. ↑ Official Journal of the Royal Prussian Government in Stettin: Ordinance on the new district division of January 18, 1816 . No. 12 , 1816, p. 43 ( digitized version [accessed February 2, 2017]).
  4. ↑ Local directory of the government district of Stettin according to the new district division . approx. 1818. Struck, Stettin ( digitized version ).
  5. ^ Berthold Schulze: The reform of the administrative districts in Brandenburg and Pomerania 1809-1818 . with the support of the Historical Commission for the Province of Pomerania. In: Individual writings of the historical commission for the province of Brandenburg . Gsellius, Berlin 1931 ( digitized version ).
  6. ↑ a b The municipalities and manor districts of the province of Pomerania and their population in 1871
  7. ↑ Georg Hassel: Statistical outline of all European states . The statistical view and special statistics of Central Europe. Vieweg, Braunschweig 1805, p. 44 ( digitized version ).
  8. ↑ Royal Statistical Bureau (ed.): Mittheilungen des Statistisches Bureau's in Berlin, Volume 2 . Population of the districts. S. 315 ( digitized version ).
  9. ↑ a b c d e f g Michael Rademacher: German administrative history from the unification of the empire in 1871 to the reunification in 1990. Greifenberg district. (Online material for the dissertation, Osnabrück 2006).
  10. ↑ Greifenberg district in the Pomerania information system.
  11. ↑ Systematic directory of name and inventory changes of municipalities . Excerpts from: Fritz R. Barran: City Atlas Pomerania . 2nd Edition. Rautenberg, Würzburg 2005, ISBN 3-8003-3097-0 , p. 193.