District of Greifenhagen
The Greifenhagen district , until 1938 Greifenhagen district , was a Prussian district in Pomerania until 1945 . Its county seat was the city of Greifenhagen . Until 1939 the district was completely in Western Pomerania , before it was enlarged by an area west of the Oder that belonged to Western Pomerania . After the Second World War , the eastern part of the district was placed under Polish administration by the Soviet occupying power in the summer of 1945 in accordance with the Potsdam Agreement .
geography
The district in its expansion from 1939 to 1945 had an area of 1454 km². The district was on both sides of the Oder south of Stettin. The south was characterized by the rich arable land of the Bahner Land , and in the northeast the beech and pine forests of the Buchheide dominated the landscape. The former Randow district west of the Oder consisted of the fertile Randow plateau, bounded by the marshland of the Randowgraben . The Thue River flows into the Oder near Greifenhagen .
At the end of the Second World War , the district included the five towns of Greifenhagen (1939: 9855 inhabitants), Gartz (Oder) (4158), Bahn (2587), Fiddichow (2496) and Penkun (1892) as well as 105 rural communities and a community-free manor district. Most of the employees (36 percent) were employed in agriculture and forestry. Industry worth mentioning was only located in the district town of Greifenhagen.
Today the eastern part of the former district lies in the Polish West Pomeranian Voivodeship . The parts of the district that remained in Germany now belong to the Vorpommern-Greifswald district in Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania and the Uckermark district in Brandenburg .
Administrative history
Prussia
The area of the later district of Greifenhagen belonged to the domain of the Pomeranian dukes since the 12th century. As the border area to Brandenburg , the southern areas were the subject of border wars for a long time between the two ruled areas. After the Thirty Years' War the area became part of Swedish Pomerania and later with the Treaty of Stockholm in 1720 to the Prussian Duchy of Western Pomerania . A district reform was carried out in Western Pomerania in 1723/24. The number of counties and associated district administrators was noticeably reduced in order to lessen the strong territorial fragmentation that had arisen as a result of the complicated aristocratic estates in Western Pomerania. The district of Greifenhagen now comprised the cities of Bahn , Fiddichow and Greifenhagen , the royal offices of Fiddichow and Wildenbruch, as well as a number of noble villages and estates .
The district of Greifenhagen became part of the administrative district of Stettin in the province of Pomerania through the provincial authorities ordinance of April 30, 1815 . During the district reform of 1818 in the administrative district of Stettin, the Greifenhagen district was enlarged to include parts of the Pyritz district , including the Kolbatz office:
In 1871 the Greifenhagen district comprised three cities, 80 rural communities and 38 manor districts . On September 30, 1929, a regional reform took place in the district, as in the rest of Prussia, in which all independent manor districts except for one were dissolved and assigned to neighboring rural communities. On January 1, 1939, the district of Greifenhagen was given the designation Landkreis in accordance with the now unified regulation .
On October 15, 1939, a comprehensive regional reform took place in the Stettin area:
- The municipalities of Buchholz, Hökendorf, Mühlenbeck and Sydowsaue left the district of Greifenhagen and were incorporated into the urban district of Stettin .
- The Randow district was dissolved. Its southern part came to the district of Greifenhagen, which for the first time encroached on the banks of the Oder. This affected the cities of Gartz a./Oder and Penkun as well as the communities Barnimslow , Blumberg , Casekow , Damitzow, Friedrichsthal i. Pom., Geesow , Glasow , Grünz , Hohenholz , Hohenreinkendorf , Hohenselchow , Jamikow , Kolbitzow , Krackow , Kummerow , Kunow , Ladenthin, Lebehn , Luckow , Mescherin , Nadrensee , Pargow , Petershagen , Pinnow , Pomellen , Rosow , Schillersdorf , Schmellenthin , Schönfeld , Schöningen , Schönow , Sommersdorf , Storkow, Tantow , Wartin , Wollin and Woltersdorf .
SBZ and GDR
The eastern part of the district, including the entire old district from before 1939, came under Polish administration after the Second World War in the summer of 1945 in accordance with the Potsdam Agreement . In the period that followed, most of the residents of the eastern district were evicted by the local Polish administrative authorities .
From the area west of the Oder-Neisse Line , which until 1939 belonged to the Randow district, a new Randow district was formed, which was finally dissolved during the GDR district reform of 1950 and transferred to the Angermünde district , the Pasewalk district and the district Prenzlau was divided.
Population development
| year | Residents | source |
|---|---|---|
| 1797 | 16.092 | |
| 1816 | 18,501 | |
| 1846 | 43,811 | |
| 1871 | 53,162 | |
| 1890 | 50,737 | |
| 1900 | 48,258 | |
| 1910 | 47,827 | |
| 1925 | 52,273 1 | |
| 1933 | 55.281 | |
| 1939 | 57,794 |
politics
District administrators
- before 1723–1740 Alexander Magnus von Kunow (1694–1740)
- 1740–1742 Gustav Eberhard von Greiffenpfeil (~ 1700–1775)
- 1742–1752 Daniel Levin Andreas von der Schulenburg (1690–1752)
- 1752–1773 Joachim Abraham von Oesterling (1724–1783)
- 1774–1832 Franz von Steinaecker (1750–1832)
- 1832–1851 Karl von Steinaecker (1778–1854)
- 1851–1866 Karl Tessmar
- 1866–1883 Johann Ludwig Coste (1809–1886)
- 1883-1885 Andersen
- 1885–1890 Georg von Scheller (1851–1937)
- 1890–1900 Maximilian Breyer
- 1900–1930 Gustav Köhler († 1947)
- 1930–1934 Wilhelm Kleibömer
- 1934–1935 Erich Mehliß (1899–1972)
- 1935–1938 Ludwig Förster (1899–1965)
- 1938–1939 Walter Hachtmann
- 1940–1945 Richard von Winterfeld
Reichstag election 1933
In Western Pomerania , especially in the agricultural areas, the people were conservative. Despite its proximity to the city of Szczecin, the district of Greifenhagen was no exception. This is shown by the result of the last Reichstag election in 1933 , when, however, under the impression of increased Nazi propaganda, the left-wing parties SPD and KPD together only received 22 percent (Germany-wide 31%) of the vote. Overall, the election results of March 1933 in the district looked as follows:
Local constitution
The district of Greifenhagen was divided into cities, into rural communities and - until their almost complete dissolution in 1929 - into independent manor districts. With the introduction of the Prussian Municipal Constitutional Act of December 15, 1933, there was a uniform municipal constitution for all Prussian municipalities from January 1, 1934. With the introduction of the German Municipal Code of January 30, 1935, a uniform municipal constitution came into force in the German Reich on April 1, 1935, according to which the previous rural municipalities were now referred to as municipalities . A new district constitution was no longer created; The district regulations for the provinces of East and West Prussia, Brandenburg, Pomerania, Silesia and Saxony from March 19, 1881 continued to apply.
Districts, cities and municipalities
Districts
The rural parishes of the district were divided into 20 administrative districts in the 1930s . The cities of the district were free of office.
Cities and Towns 1939
Before the territorial reform of 1939 in the Stettin area, the old district of Greifenhagen comprised three cities, 72 communities and a community-free manor district. The entire area was east of the Oder and in 1945 fell completely to Poland.
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Territorial reform 1939
On October 15, 1939, the two cities Gartz and Penkun and 37 other communities from the dissolved district of Randow were added to the district of Greifenhagen. This area was west of the Oder and historically belonged to Western Pomerania . Except for six communities in the so-called Stettiner Zipfel, this area remained in Germany in 1945.
Municipalities dissolved before 1939
- Klütz , on April 1, 1934 in Sydowsaue
Place names
The initial C was replaced in the following place names in 1910:
- Carolinenhorst → Karolinenhorst
- Cladow → Kladow
- Colbatz → Kolbatz
- Colow → Kolow
- Cranzfelde → Kranzfelde
- Cunow → Kunow
traffic
In 1846 the Greifenhagen district was only touched on the northern edge> 111.0 < by the Stettin - Stargard line operated by the Berlin-Stettin Railway Company . It was not until 1877 that the main line Stettin - Küstrin of the Breslau-Schweidnitz-Freiburg Railway Company > 122.0 <ran through it along the Oder .
The parts of the district to the east were opened up by the small railway lines of the AG Greifenhagener Kreisbahnen , in which the district played a major role. The beginning was made in 1895 with the connection from the district town to the small town of Bahn and further to Wildenbruch in the south> 113.h <. A line branched off from it in 1898 in Klein Schönfeld to the neighboring town of Pyritz from> 113.h² <. At the same time, a stretch from Finkenwalde near Stettin reached the municipality of Neumark> 113.i <. From there in 1905 the gap to Woltersdorf on the Pyritzer line> 113.h³ <was closed.
Furthermore, the district was opened up by the trunk road from Stettin to Landsberg ( Reichsstrasse 113 ). Then came the Oder as an important waterway. From 1936 the Reichsautobahn Berlin - Stettin ran along the northern border of the district .
(The numbers in> <refer to the German course book 1939).
literature
- Gustav Neumann : Geography of the Prussian State. 2nd edition, Volume 2, Berlin 1874, pp. 118–119, item 7.
- Land book of the Duchy of Stettin, of Kamin and Western Pomerania; or the administrative district of the Königl. Government to Szczecin . Edited by Heinrich Berghaus . Second part, third volume: Greifenhagen and Piritz districts . Anklam 1868 ( e-copy ).
- Royal Statistical Bureau: The municipalities and manors of the province of Pomerania and their people. Edited and compiled from the original materials of the general census of December 1, 1871. Berlin 1874, pp. 32-39.
- Michael Rademacher: German administrative history from the unification of the empire in 1871 to the reunification in 1990. Greifenhagen district. (Online material for the dissertation, Osnabrück 2006).
- Gunthard Stübs and Pomeranian Research Association: The district of Greifenhagen in the former province of Pomerania (2011).
Web links
- Greifenhagen district administrative history and the district administrators on the website territorial.de (Rolf Jehke), as of July 18, 2014.
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b c d e f g h Michael Rademacher: German administrative history from the unification of the empire in 1871 to the reunification in 1990. Greifenhagen district. (Online material for the dissertation, Osnabrück 2006).
- ^ Monuments of the Prussian State Administration in the 18th century . Authority organization and general state administration. In: Royal Academy of Sciences (ed.): Acta Borussica . tape 4 . Paul Parey, Berlin 1908, new division and reduction of the rear Pomeranian circles 1723/24 , p. 171 ( digitized version ).
- ^ Johann Ernst Fabri: Geography for all estates . Schwickertscher Verlag, Leipzig 1793, chap. Prussian Western Pomerania, p. 439 ( digitized version ).
- ^ Fritz Curschmann, Ernst Rubow: Pomeranian district map sheet 3 . The Pomeranian circles before and after 1818. In: Landesgeschichtliche Forschungsstelle der Provinz Pommern (Hrsg.): Historischer Atlas von Pommern . 1935 ( digitized ).
- ↑ Official Journal of the Royal Prussian Government in Stettin: Ordinance on the new district division of January 18, 1816 . No. 12 , 1816, p. 42 ( digitized version [accessed February 2, 2017]).
- ↑ Local directory of the government district of Stettin according to the new district division . approx. 1818. Struck, Stettin ( digitized version ).
- ↑ a b The municipalities and manor districts of the province of Pomerania and their population in 1871
- ↑ Georg Hassel: Statistical outline of all European states . The statistical view and special statistics of Central Europe. Vieweg, Braunschweig 1805, p. 44 ( digitized version ).
- ^ Christian Gottfried Daniel Stein: Handbook of Geography and Statistics of the Prussian State . Vossische Buchhandlung, Berlin 1819, The administrative district of Stettin, p. 225 ( digitized version [accessed on May 5, 2016]).
- ↑ Royal Statistical Bureau (ed.): Mittheilungen des Statistisches Bureau's in Berlin, Volume 2 . Population of the districts. S. 315 ( digitized version ).
- ^ State Statistical Office (ed.): Community encyclopedia for the Free State of Prussia. Pomeranian Province. According to the final result of the census of June 16, 1925 and other official sources based on the territory of October 1, 1932 . Berlin 1932, p. XXVIII.
- ^ Home district Greifenhagen: district history
- ^ Pomerania information system: Greifenhagen district
Administrative districts: Köslin | Szczecin | Stralsund . City districts: Greifswald | Kolberg | Köslin | Stargard | Szczecin | Stumble | Stralsund . Counties: Anklam | Belgard | Bütow | Cammin i. Pom. | Demmin | Dramburg | Franzburg-Barth | Greifenberg i. Pom. | Greifenhagen | Greifswald | Grim | Kolberg-Körlin | Köslin | Lauenburg i. Pom. | Naugard | Neustettin | Pyritz | Randow | Rainforest | Rügen | Rummelsburg i. Pom. | Saatzig | Schlawe i. Pom. | Stumble | Ueckermünde | Usedom-Wollin . Disbanded: Lauenburg-Bütow district (1845). Principality of the Principality (1872). County Bublitz , Kreis Schivelbein (1932). From 1938: Grenzmark Posen-West Prussia - Schneidemühl - District Arnswalde , District Deutsch Krone , District Flatow , District Friedeberg Nm. , Netzekreis , district of Schlochau .