Gryfino
| Gryfino | |||
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| Basic data | |||
| State : | Poland | ||
| Voivodeship : | West Pomerania | ||
| Powiat : | Gryfino | ||
| Gmina : | Gryfino | ||
| Area : | 10.00 km² | ||
| Geographic location : | 53 ° 15 ' N , 14 ° 29' E | ||
| Residents : | 21,221 (Jun. 30, 2019) |
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| Postal code : | 74-100 / 74-101 | ||
| Telephone code : | (+48) 91 | ||
| License plate : | ZGR | ||
| Economy and Transport | |||
| Street : | DK 31 Szczecin ↔ Słubice | ||
| Ext. 120 Gryfino ↔ Kobylanka | |||
| Rail route : | PKP line 273: Szczecin ↔ Breslau | ||
| Next international airport : | Szczecin-Goleniów | ||
| Gmina | |||
| Gminatype: | Urban and rural municipality | ||
| Gmina structure: | 42 localities | ||
| 28 school offices | |||
| Surface: | 254.00 km² | ||
| Residents: | 31,931 (Jun. 30, 2019) |
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| Population density : | 126 inhabitants / km² | ||
| Community number ( GUS ): | 3206043 | ||
| Administration (as of 2018) | |||
| Mayor : | Mieczysław Sawaryn | ||
| Address: | ul. 1 Maja 16 74-100 Gryfino |
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| Website : | www.gryfino.pl | ||
Gryfino ( German Greifenhagen , Low German Gripenhagen ) is the district town of the Polish powiat Gryfiński with around 20,000 inhabitants and the official seat of the town and country municipality of the same name in the West Pomeranian Voivodeship .
Geographical location
The city is located in the far west of the West Pomeranian Voivodeship in Western Pomerania on the Odra Wschodnia (Reglitz) , the eastern branch of the Oder estuary . It belongs to the catchment area of Szczecin , the center of which can be reached in just under 20 kilometers to the north. Gryfino is on the Stettin – Küstrin railway line . There is a border crossing to the neighboring German town of Mescherin , three kilometers away , which can also be passed by motor vehicle.
history
middle Ages
As early as the 12th century, north of what would later become Greifenhagen, there was a Wendish fishing settlement with the usual name Wiek for these places. The Duke Barnim I of Pomerania , known as the town's founder, left 200 Hufen land to an entrepreneur in 1254 to establish the town of Greifenhagen, which he granted Magdeburg- Szczecin town charter on March 1, 1254 . At the same time he forbade the arrival of the Wieker residents. For mayor , he appointed his locator Rudolf von Bertekow. In order to give the city an economic basis, Barnim had already withdrawn market rights from the neighboring town of Woltin in favor of Greifenhagen a year earlier . Later, Fiddichow and Wollin also had to cede their market rights to the new city. In addition, Greifenhagen received the right of free navigation on all Pomeranian waters in 1280. In order to be able to expand trade to the west, a bridge over both arms of the Oder and a flood-proof stone dam were built in 1306. For both roads, the city rose inches , which earned her considerable wealth. Part of the income was used to buy the village of Wiek in 1312, and a year later the town was surrounded by a fortification wall. In 1339 Pomeranian Duke Otto I. appointed Greifenhagen a ducal mint, which indicates the economic importance of the city.
Early modern age
In 1530, a city fire that destroyed almost all houses, a plague epidemic that killed half of the residents, and the destruction of the Oder bridges by the Swedes in the Thirty Years' War brought considerable setbacks . As a result of this war, Greifenhagen became part of Swedish Pomerania . During the Swedish-Brandenburg War , the Brandenburg Elector Friedrich Wilhelm occupied the city in 1677. In the peace treaty of Saint-Germain , Greifenhagen - like all Swedish Pomerania east of the Oder with the exception of the cities of Damm and Gollnow - was awarded Prussia. In 1780, a flood caused severe damage.
19th and 20th centuries
When Prussia reorganized its administration in 1815/1818, the city became the administrative seat of the district of Greifenhagen in the administrative district of Stettin in the province of Pomerania . This administrative structure remained until 1945.
With the Szczecin and Bahner suburbs, new districts emerged, and in 1857 two wooden bridges again opened the way to the western bank of the Oder. The railway connection that took place in 1877 and the opening of the major shipping route Berlin – Stettin in 1904 allowed the Greifenhagen economy to expand. Above all, the steam shipping company founded in 1873, which had taken over the freight traffic between Schwedt and Stettin, benefited from the new waterway. But also industrial companies, such as food production and chemical plants in particular, settled here. In 1913 the wooden Oder bridges were replaced by a steel structure. At the beginning of the 20th century, the district town in the Prussian administrative district of Stettin had a Protestant church, a synagogue and was the seat of a local court.
At the last German census in 1939 , 9,855 people lived in the city. Most of them fled the advancing Soviet front in early 1945 . In the struggle for the capture of Greifenhagen by the Red Army , which lasted from March 8 to 21, the city center was completely destroyed. After Greifenhagen was placed under Polish administration in 1945, the migration of Polish civilians began and the city was renamed Gryfino . The remaining Germans were pushed out of their houses and apartments by Polish militiamen who had immigrated after the war, expropriated and expelled , unless they occasionally assumed Polish citizenship.
Gryfino was incorporated into the then Szczecin Voivodeship and became a district town. In 1975, Gryfino lost its rank as the district capital and became the seat of a town and country parish . In 1999 it was regained the status of the district capital.
Demographics
| year | population | Remarks |
|---|---|---|
| 1740 | 2152 | |
| 1782 | 2762 | |
| 1817 | 3890 | |
| 1822 | 4290 | |
| 1867 | 6774 | on December 3rd |
| 1871 | 6611 | on December 1st, including 6395 Evangelicals, 29 Catholics, seven other Christians, 180 Jews |
| 1875 | 6759 | |
| 1880 | 6906 | |
| 1890 | 6692 | including 65 Catholics, 91 Jews |
| 1900 | 6473 | |
| 1925 | 8184 | |
| 1933 | 8938 | |
| 1939 | 9855 |
Attractions
- The Catholic parish church of the Birth of the Virgin Mary (Kościół pw Narodzenia NMP) was the Evangelical parish church of St. Nicholas before the Second World War . The construction of field stones began around 1250 and was then completed in brick Gothic style . Many (external) details of the church were remodeled in the neo-Gothic style towards the end of the 19th century . The baroque, double openwork tower helmet was not put on until 1938 and replaced the previous needle helmet. Inside, in addition to the neo-Gothic organ prospect and the main altar - the altarpiece of which Maria, Queen of Poland found the church after 1945 from the former Polish eastern regions - two Renaissance art monuments have been preserved: the choir stalls from the 16th century and the lavishly renovated pulpit from 1605.
- The Sankt-Georgs-Tor (Polish: Brama Bańska , also Bahner Tor) is a gate tower with remains of the city wall. It was built around 1300, the substructure made of field stones, the upper floors in the style of brick Gothic.
- Crooked forest . A forest of crooked pines, a natural monument.
economy
The city's largest employer is a coal-fired power station, Dolna Odra Power Station . Since 1990 foreign capital has also been investing in building up industry in the city, e.g. B. the German companies Fliegel-Textil-Service , which operates a large laundry, and Jürging Naturdärme , which produces casings for sausage production. In 2017, Zalando opened a logistics center here.
School system
In the city there are:
- five kindergartens;
- four primary schools, including three ordinary and one special primary school;
- a middle school (7th to 9th grade);
- two high schools
Personalities
sons and daughters of the town
- Andreas Müller (1630–1694), orientalist, provost of St. Nikolai in Berlin
- Theodor Pauli (1648–1716), legal scholar, professor at the University of Königsberg
- Christian Kelch (1657–1710), theologian and chronicler
- Johann Daniel Wutsdorff (1748–1819), Prussian local lawyer , Lord Mayor of Stargard in Pomerania
- Friedrich von Gaedecke (1776–1840), major general
- Hugo Brasch (1854–1937), administrative lawyer and judge
- Hildegard Voigt (1856–1936), writer
- Ernst Bruno Bourwieg (1865–1944), politician (DVP), district administrator for the district of Siegen
- Max Dreblow (1869–1927), photographer
- Fritz Radefeldt (1872–1942), wholesale merchant, owner of the Radefeldt department store
- Franz Weber (1881–1962), librarian and medalist
- Curt Hoffmann (1897–1961), politician (FDP), member of the German Bundestag, co-founder of the Pomeranian Landsmannschaft
- Johannes Sprenger (1905–1974), killed on the Berlin Wall
- Waltraut Hennig (1921–2015), politician
- Manfred Hinze (* 1933), athlete
- Henryk Sawka (* 1958), draftsman, satirist and illustrator
Town twinning
- Barlinek ( Berlinchen ), Poland
- Bersenbrück (Germany, Lower Saxony)
- Gartz (Oder) (Germany, Brandenburg)
- Sambir (Ukraine)
- Schwedt / Oder (Germany, Brandenburg)
Gmina Gryfino
The total area of the urban and rural municipality Gryfino covers 254 km². The borders of the municipality are 111 km long, of which 24.5 km are water lines, 2200 m below them form the state border between Germany and Poland.
In addition to the main town of the same name, the city of Gryfino, the municipality also includes 28 villages with a village character:
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Other localities are: Ciosna (Dorotheenhof) , Dębce (Eichwerder) , Gajki (Uhlenhorst) , Łubnica (Bienenwerder) , Nowe Brynki (Neu Brünken) , Osuch (mountain mill) , Pastuszka (cattle yard) , Raczki (Neuteich) , Szczawno (Vogelsang) , Śremsko, Wirówek (Wierower Mühle) and Zaborze (Schulzendorf)
literature
- Ludwig Wilhelm Brüggemann ; Detailed description of the current state of the Königl. Prussian Duchy of Western and Western Pomerania , Volume 2, Part I: Description of the court district of the Königl. State colleges belonging to Stettin, Hinterpommerschen Kreise , Stettin 1784, pp. 55-63 ( online )
- Gustav Kratz : The cities of the province of Pomerania - outline of their history, mostly according to documents . Berlin 1865, pp. 180-186 ( full text ).
- Heinrich Berghaus : Land book of the Duchy of Pomerania and the Principality of Rügen . Part II, Volume 3, Anklam 1868, pp. 223–288 ( full text )
- Our Pommerland , vol. 17, no . 3: Greifenhagen .
- Leopold Andrzej Kemmling (arrangement): Greifenhagen on old photos. From prehistory to 1945 . Biblioteka Publiczna w Gryinie, Gryfino 2004, 83 pp. ISBN 83-89260-42-5 .
Web links
- Official website of Gryfino (Polish, German, English)
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b population. Size and Structure by Territorial Division. As of June 30, 2019. Główny Urząd Statystyczny (GUS) (PDF files; 0.99 MiB), accessed December 24, 2019 .
- ^ Friedrich Thiede: Pomerania. History and description of the Pomeranian country for the promotion of Pomeranian patriotism , vol. 2. Sanne, Stettin 1846, p. 315.
- ↑ a b Meyer's Large Conversation Lexicon . 6th edition, Volume 8, Bibliographisches Institut, Leipzig and Vienna 1907, p. 273 ( Zeno.org ).
- ↑ a b c d Friedrich von Restorff : Topographical description of the province of Pomerania with a statistical overview . Berlin and Stettin 1827, pp. 190-191 ( online ).
- ↑ a b Royal Statistical Bureau: The communities and manor districts of the Prussian state and their population . Part III: Province of Pomerania , Berlin 1874, p. 32, No. 3 ( online ).
- ↑ a b c d e f Michael Rademacher: German administrative history from the unification of the empire in 1871 to the reunification in 1990. Greifenhagen district. (Online material for the dissertation, Osnabrück 2006).
- ↑ Poland attracts investors with a rosy outlook. In: Tagesspiegel. September 4, 2017, accessed September 16, 2019 .
Cities: Cedynia (Zehden) | Chojna (Königsberg in the Neumark) | Gryfino (Greifenhagen) | Mieszkowice (Bärwalde) | Moryń (Mohrin) | Trzcińsko-Zdrój (Schönfließ Spa)
Urban and rural communities: Gmina Cedynia (Zehden) | Gmina Chojna (Königsberg in der Neumark) | Gmina Gryfino (Greifenhagen) | Gmina Mieszkowice (Bärwalde) | Gmina Moryń (Mohrin) | Gmina Trzcińsko-Zdrój (Schönfließ Spa)
Rural parishes: Gmina Banie (train) | Gmina Stare Czarnowo (Neumark) | Gmina Widuchowa (Fiddichow)