Widuchowa
| Widuchowa | |||
|---|---|---|---|
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| Basic data | |||
| State : | Poland | ||
| Voivodeship : | West Pomerania | ||
| Powiat : | Gryfino | ||
| Gmina : | Widuchowa | ||
| Geographic location : | 53 ° 8 ' N , 14 ° 23' E | ||
| Residents : | 1551 (2010) | ||
| Postal code : | 74-120 | ||
| Telephone code : | (+48) 91 | ||
| License plate : | ZGR | ||
| Economy and Transport | |||
| Street : | State road 31 : Szczecin - Słubice | ||
| Rail route : | State railway line 273 : Stettin – Breslau | ||
| Next international airport : | Szczecin-Goleniów | ||
| Gmina | |||
| Gminatype: | Rural community | ||
| Gmina structure: | 21 localities | ||
| 14 school offices | |||
| Surface: | 209.63 km² | ||
| Residents: | 5428 (Jun. 30, 2019) |
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| Population density : | 26 inhabitants / km² | ||
| Community number ( GUS ): | 3206092 | ||
| Administration (as of 2014) | |||
| Community leader : | Michał Lidwin | ||
| Address: | ul.Grunwaldzka 8 74-120 Widuchowa |
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| Website : | www.widuchowa.com.pl | ||
Widuchowa (German Fiddichow ) is a village (from 1347 to 1945 a city ) in the West Pomeranian Voivodeship in Poland .
The village forms with other villages the Gmina Widuchowa , a rural community in the Powiat Gryfiński ( Greifenhagener Kreis ).
Geographical location
The village is located in Western Pomerania, about 25 kilometers south of Stettin , directly on the eastern bank of the Oder . From there, the houses extend in terraces up the elevated bank slope. There is no direct rail connection, as the Stettin – Wroclaw railway runs four kilometers to the east. Opposite on the western bank of the Oder is the city of Schwedt / Oder in the Federal Republic of Germany , to which there is a border crossing 15 kilometers south.
history
The place where Fiddichow later emerged must have been settled very early. When coins were found in 1867 and 1984, they included coins from the 9th and 10th centuries. Since there were also Arab coins among them, one suspects the course of an old trade route at this point. It is assumed that Slavs also settled there because of the presence of a Wendish rampart.
From a situated on the Oder Castle Uiduchoua (after Brüggemann rather castrum Viduchous ) in a document from 1159 is the speech with which Bishop Adalbert of Pomerania the Usedom Abbey assures on Usedom one-third of the revenue of the castle. A hundred years later, the knight Burchard von Vehlefanz is named as the lord of the castle. At that time there must have been a settlement with market fairness, because for 1283 it is noted that the town of Fiddichow had to cede its market rights to the city of Greifenhagen at the instigation of the Pomeranian Duke Bogislaw IV . This measure obviously hampered the development of the place, because it was not until April 17, 1347, almost a century after the first wave of Pomeranian city foundings, that Duke Barnim III. Fiddichow the Magdeburg city law . But even after that the city played a subordinate role and was in the following centuries as a so-called media city in the changing hands of noble families. Among other things, this led to Fiddichow being partly under the Pomeranian fiefdom and the other half under Brandenburg fiefdom in 1478.
As a result of the Thirty Years' War , Fiddichow came to Swedish Pomerania . The war hit the city hard, as only a little more than thirty of the 936 inhabitants previously lived there. Fiddichow belonged to the area of Pomerania that was ceded by Sweden to Brandenburg in the Peace of Saint-Germain (1679) after the Brandenburg-Swedish War. At the beginning of the 18th century, the then city lord Hildebrand Magnus von Wulffen built an elaborate castle on the Amtsberg, which drove him into financial ruin. When Margrave Friedrich Wilhelm von Schwedt acquired Fiddichow in 1725 , he had the Wulffensche Castle torn down again, allegedly because it was too similar to his Schwedt Castle.
With the acquisition by the Prussian royal house in 1788, the private rule over Fiddichow ended and the city finally experienced an upswing. With breweries and a sugar factory, an initially modest industrialization began, which with the establishment of the last three cane mat factories ensured that the population increased from 853 in 1794 to 3,010 in 1864. The lack of a railway connection was made up for by the heavy freight traffic on the Oder. Until the 20th century Fiddichow remained an arable town with more than 60 farmers. An important industry was next to agriculture and animal husbandry, fishing with Fertile lampreys -Fang. At the beginning of the 20th century, Fiddichow had a Protestant church and was the seat of a local court; there was a sugar factory, cane fabric factories and sawmills. At the beginning of the Second World War , the city had 2,496 inhabitants, making it the fourth largest municipality in the Greifenhagen district after the district town of Greifenhagen, Gartz (Oder) and Bahn .
At the end of the Second World War , Fiddichow was conquered by the Red Army and then placed under Polish administration together with all of Western Pomerania in accordance with the Potsdam Agreement . Immigration from Poland began, Fiddichow's town charter was withdrawn, and the German town was renamed Widuchowa . The native population, who were German, were expelled by Polish militiamen as long as they had not fled . In 1947 only around 600 people lived in the place.
Demographics
| year | population | Remarks |
|---|---|---|
| 1740 | 514 | |
| 1782 | 948 | |
| 1817 | 1466 | |
| 1822 | 1619 | |
| 1867 | 3004 | on December 3rd |
| 1871 | 2813 | on December 1st, of which 2771 Protestants, twelve Catholics, 30 Jews |
| 1875 | 2872 | |
| 1880 | 2931 | |
| 1900 | 2780 | |
| 1925 | 2357 | |
| 1933 | 2547 | |
| 1939 | 2496 | |
| 2010 | 1551 |
Sons and daughters of the place
- Martin Klamroth (1855–1890), German high school teacher, Arabist and mathematician
- Friedrich Salis (1880–1914), German historian and university professor
- Karl Kleikamp (1894–1952), German lawyer and politician (SPD)
- Gustav Kleikamp (1896–1952), German naval officer, most recently vice admiral
- Otto Graff (1915–1997), German painter
Gmina Widuchova
General
The rural community Widuchowa covers an area of just over 200 km² and has 5,500 inhabitants. It is located on the Oder in the Lower Oder Valley National Park on the western edge of the Pomeranian Lake District . Neighboring communities are:
- on the German side the town of Schwedt / Oder in the Uckermark district , and
- on the Polish side, the communities Banie ( Bahn ), Chojna ( Königsberg / Neumark ) and Gryfino ( Greifenhagen ), all in the Powiat Gryfiński ( Greifenhagen district ).
Population numbers
| year | population |
|---|---|
| 1995 | 5,688 |
| 1997 | 5,710 |
| 1999 | 5,733 |
| 2001 | 5,642 |
| 2003 | 5,648 |
| 2005 | 5,571 |
traffic
The Gmina Widuchowa is conveniently located on the state road 31 , which connects Stettin with Słubice ( Frankfurt (Oder) ), and there is also a fast connection to the German city of Schwedt / Oder as well as to the neighboring district town of Pyrzyce ( Pyritz ) via Voivodship Road 122 .
Widuchowa is a train station on the important north-south railway line that runs from Szczecin to Wroclaw .
Community structure
The Gmina Widuchowa includes 21 localities, which are assigned to 14 districts (" Schulzenämter ").
Schulzenämter
Other localities
Kiełbice (Kolbitz) , Krzywinek (Oberförstereigehöft Kehrberg) , Lubiczyn (Obervorwerk) , Pąkowo (Pankows Hof) , Radoszki (Schenksruh) , Tarnogórki (Stephanshöhe) , Widuchówko ( Forestry Wilhelmswalde) and Wilcze (Vorwerk Fiddichow ) .
Community partnerships
literature
- Ludwig Wilhelm Brüggemann ; Detailed description of the current state of the Königl. Prussian Duchy of Western and Western Pomerania , Volume 2, Part I: Description of the court district of the Königl. State colleges belonging to Stettin, Hinterpommerschen Kreise , Stettin 1784, pp. 68-72 ( online )
- Gustav Kratz : The cities of the province of Pomerania - outline of their history, mostly according to documents . Berlin 1865, pp. 133-136 ( full text )
- Heinrich Berghaus : Land book of the Duchy of Pomerania and the Principality of Rügen . Part II, Volume 3, Anklam 1868, pp. 305-313 ( full text )
Web links
- Municipality website (Polish)
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b Together with the villages of Lubiczyn and Widuchowa-Stacja. Source: Główny Urząd Statystyczny, Portret miejscowości statystycznych w gminie Widuchowa (powiat gryfiński, województwo zachodniopomorskie) w 2010 r. Online query
- ↑ population. Size and Structure by Territorial Division. As of June 30, 2019. Główny Urząd Statystyczny (GUS) (PDF files; 0.99 MiB), accessed December 24, 2019 .
- ↑ Ludwig Wilhelm Brüggemann : Detailed description of the current state of the Königl. Prussian Duchy of Western and Western Pomerania , Volume 2, Part I: Description of the court district of the Königl. State colleges belonging to Stettin, Hinterpommerschen Kreise , Stettin 1784, pp. 68–72, especially p. 71 ( online )
- ^ Klaus Conrad (arrangement): Pommersches Urkundenbuch . Volume 1. 2nd edition. Böhlau Verlag, Cologne and Vienna 1970, No. 48.
- ↑ a b c Meyer's Large Conversation Lexicon . 6th edition, Volume 6, Bibliographisches Institut, Leipzig and Vienna 1907, p. 549 ( Zeno.org ).
- ↑ a b c d Friedrich von Restorff : Topographical description of the province of Pomerania with a statistical overview . Berlin and Stettin 1827, pp. 192–193 ( online ).
- ↑ a b Royal Statistical Bureau: The communities and manor districts of the Prussian state and their population . Part III: Province of Pomerania , Berlin 1874, p. 32, No. 2 ( online ).
- ↑ a b c d e Michael Rademacher: German administrative history from the unification of the empire in 1871 to the reunification in 1990. Greifenhagen district. (Online material for the dissertation, Osnabrück 2006).
- ↑ Sołectwa at widuchowa.pl.
Cities: Cedynia (Zehden) | Chojna (Königsberg in the Neumark) | Gryfino (Greifenhagen) | Mieszkowice (Bärwalde) | Moryń (Mohrin) | Trzcińsko-Zdrój (Schönfließ Spa)
Urban and rural communities: Gmina Cedynia (Zehden) | Gmina Chojna (Königsberg in der Neumark) | Gmina Gryfino (Greifenhagen) | Gmina Mieszkowice (Bärwalde) | Gmina Moryń (Mohrin) | Gmina Trzcińsko-Zdrój (Schönfließ Spa)
Rural parishes: Gmina Banie (train) | Gmina Stare Czarnowo (Neumark) | Gmina Widuchowa (Fiddichow)