Grobe Monastery

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The Grobe monastery was founded before 1155 by the Pomeranian Prince Ratibor I and his wife Pribislava . and erected by Premonstratensian Canons near a settlement of the same name on the island of Usedom , 1.2 km south of the city of Usedom . It was the first and most important settlement of the Premonstratensians in northeast Germany.

history

Grobe was first mentioned in 1159 as "Grobe", "Groben" and "villa Groben". The Slavic name is interpreted as "settlement protected by moats". The place was mentioned in documents until 1317 and was still drawn on historical maps in 1662.

The year of foundation has not been passed down with certainty and there is no certificate of foundation. The donors gave the necessary land for the monastery and the church, arranged for their construction and the granting of the convent. At the suggestion of Bishop Anselm von Havelberg, Grobe was initially staffed with regulated canons from the monastery of Our Dear Women in Magdeburg under the leadership of the provost Sibrandus, later reinforced by canons from Havelberg and some canons from Pardwin near Brandenburg.

After the Pomeranian princes (from 1170 dukes) converted to Christianity, the Pomeranian diocese was established in 1140 with its seat in Wollin . The first monasteries in Pomerania, which included Stolpe Monastery and Grobe Monastery, were founded by Ratibor I and his wife Pribislawa. The Grobe monastery was confirmed on June 8, 1159 by Bishop Adalbert von Pommern zu Wollin and was consecrated to Maria and St. Godehard. In 1168 Bishop Konrad I confirmed the monastery 's possessions. During the Danish invasions from 1162 to 1177 the monastery was seriously damaged and in 1177 it was declared deserted. In 1175 the Duke of Pomerania Casimir I gave the village of Slatkoviz to the Grobe monastery and exchanged four of the surrounding villages with the village of Pustkow near Cammin . The monastery was rebuilt by Duke Bogislaw I with the Havelberg Premonstratensian monks in 1178.

The village and monastery Grobe was part of what was then Usedom, which was in front of the castle. When Usedom was again visited by the Danes in 1184, the monastery was relocated to the nearby Watchow mountain , also known as Marienberg (Mons Mariae) and later called Klosterberg . Under Abbot Disibodus, the Premonstratensian Abbey moved from Marienberg to Pudagla am Schmollensee after 1307 . Bishop Heinrich von Kammin gave permission to do so on February 10, 1308. In Pudagla the cloister, farmyard and church were built high above the lake. The monastery kept its old name Uznam (Usedom) in Pudagla.

For a time the Bishop of Pomerania had his seat in the Grobe monastery. This increased the importance and influence of the monastery in the 12th century. The area of ​​activity extended to the island of Usedom and areas south of the Szczecin Lagoon , evidenced in many documentary mentions of the 12th and 13th centuries, in which the Pomeranian dukes Bogislaw I , Bogislaw II and Barnim I the monastery communities, churches and subordinate possessions:

In 1187 Duke Bogislaw I died. He was buried in the Grobe monastery. In the 13th century, some extensions are documented under Duke Barnim I. In 1243 the Ueckermünde church was subordinated to the monastery and the following year the monastery was given the freedom to fetch firewood and construction wood in the Ueckermünder Heide and to fish in the Szczecin Lagoon . They probably founded the village of Mönkebude on the lagoon , which was first mentioned in a document in 1244. On the island of Usedom, the area of ​​influence of the monastery was geographically closed in 1270 by an exchange order initiated by Barnim I. This exchange affected six communities that were owned by the diocese of Cammin ( Krienke , Suckow , Mellenthin , Balm am Balmer See , Ückeritz and Loddin ), which fell to Grobe against the cession of Damerow in Western Pomerania (near Naugard ). In the course of the Reformation , the monastery was dissolved in 1535. The Pudagla location was transformed into an office.

Today only a few remains of the wall in Pudagla are preserved, the monastery church was blown up in 1984.

From 1991 to 1998, the University of Greifswald carried out archaeological excavations on the former monastery grounds on behalf of the Historical Commission for Pomerania south of Usedom near Wilhelmshof. With the help of aerial photographs, geoelectrical and geomagnetic measurements, found finds and graves as well as remains of the foundations of the monastery complex and the monastery church were uncovered.

Funerals

The following Pomeranian dukes were buried in the Grobe monastery: Ratibor I. , Bogislaw I. and Wartislaw V.

In 2010, 70 skeletons were recovered from excavations. The burial area was used from around the 12th to the early 16th century. However, most of the graves could not be dated and therefore could not be assigned to the settlement phases. The buried were examined anthropologically. The age distribution corresponds to that of a growing pre-industrial population, with a child mortality rate of almost 26%, the fewest deaths in adolescence and the most advanced adulthood. Since the skeleton series can be regarded as representative of the medieval population, it is not a question of a pure monastery cemetery. What was striking, however, was the high proportion of men of advanced age. The average life expectancy was comparatively high at almost 33 years. The overall disease burden seemed to have been rather low. The analysis of the condition of the teeth suggested a diet rich in protein. There were hardly any unspecific stress markers ( cribra orbitalia or enamel hypoplasia ) or traces of inflammatory diseases on the skull ( stomatitis and maxillary sinusitis ). The proportion of healed bone injuries was conspicuously high, primarily the consequences of accidents. Overall, the results of the osteological and paleopathological investigations spoke in favor of comparatively favorable living conditions at the Grobe settlement.

Literature and Sources

literature

  • Jürgen Petersohn : The Kamminer bishops of the Middle Ages. Schwerin 2015, ISBN 978-3-944033-09-9 .
  • Günter Mangelsdorf : Grobe Abbey near Usedom. Report on the results of an excavation. In: Günter Mangelsdorf (Ed.): From the Stone Age to the Middle Ages (= Greifswalder Mitteilungen. Volume 3). Lang, Frankfurt am Main et al. 1999, ISBN 3-631-35118-6 , pp. 155-190.
  • Joachim Wächter : On the history of the settlement of the middle Peeneraum. In: Haik Thomas Porada (ed.): Contributions to the history of Western Pomerania. The Demminer Colloquia 1985–1994. Helms, Schwerin 1997, ISBN 3-931185-11-7 , pp. 333-342.
  • Heinrich Berghaus : Land book of the Duchy of Pomerania and the Principality of Rügen. Part 2: Land book of the Duchy of Stettin, of Kamin and Hinterpommern; or the administrative district of the royal. Government to Szczecin. Volume 1: Contains: The districts of Demmin, Anklam, Usedom-Wolin and Ukermünde. Dietze, Anklam 1865, pp. 503-529. ( online )
  • Franz Winter : The Premonstratensians of the twelfth century and their significance for north-eastern Germany. A contribution to the history of Christianization and Germanization of the Wendenland. Schweigger, Berlin 1865, pp. 183-198, ( full text ) and pp. 314-315 ( full text ).
  • Eduard Georg Heinrich Zietlow: The Premonstratensian monastery on the island of Usedom from its foundation around 1150 to its abolition in 1535. Dietze, Anklam 1858. ( online )

Printed sources

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b Martin Wehrmann : History of Pomerania. Volume 1: Up to the Reformation (1523) (= General State History. Dept. 3: German State Histories. Work 5). Perthes, Gotha 1904, pp. 79-80.
  2. ↑ Manfred Niemeyer: Ostvorpommern I . Collection of sources and literature on place names. Vol. 1: Usedom. (= Greifswald contributions to toponymy. Vol. 1), Ernst-Moritz-Arndt University of Greifswald, Institute for Slavic Studies, Greifswald 2001, ISBN 3-86006-149-6 . P. 18 ff
  3. ^ Pomeranian document book. PUM I. No. 48.
  4. ^ Friedrich von Dreger : Codex Diplomaticus. Or watch customers, so the Pommersch-Rügianisch and Caminsche also approach other neighboring countries. Tomus 1: Up to Anno 1269. incl. Spiegel, Stettin 1748, pp. 5–7.
  5. ^ Friedrich von Dreger: Codex Diplomaticus. Or watch customers, so the Pommersch-Rügianisch and Caminsche also approach other neighboring countries. Tomus 1: Up to Anno 1269. incl. Spiegel, Stettin 1748, pp. 7–9.
  6. ^ Friedrich von Dreger: Codex Diplomaticus. Or watch customers, so the Pommersch-Rügianisch and Caminsche also approach other neighboring countries. Tomus 1: Up to Anno 1269. incl. Spiegel, Stettin 1748, pp. 18-19.
  7. ^ Pomeranian document book. PUM I. No. 72.
  8. ^ A b c Christian Friedrich Wutstrack : Short historical-geographical-statistical description of the royal Prussian duchy of Vor and Hinter Pomerania. Johann Samuel Leich, Stettin 1793, p. 413.
  9. ^ Pomeranian document book. PUB I. No. 96.
  10. ^ Günter Mangelsdorf: Grobe Abbey near Usedom, report on the results of an excavation. In: From the Stone Age to the Middle Ages. 1999, pp. 155-190.
  11. ↑ Project Usedom, Premonstratensian Foundation Grobe. In: anthropologie-jungklaus.de. Retrieved June 4, 2017 .

Coordinates: 53 ° 51 '44.8 "  N , 13 ° 55' 34.3"  E