Banie

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Banie
POL gmina Banie COA.svg
Banie (Poland)
Banie
Banie
Basic data
State : Poland
Voivodeship : West Pomerania
Powiat : Gryfino
Gmina : Banie
Geographic location : 53 ° 6 ′  N , 14 ° 39 ′  E Coordinates: 53 ° 6 ′ 0 ″  N , 14 ° 39 ′ 0 ″  E
Height : 45 m npm
Residents : 2000 (December 31, 2004)
Postal code : 74-110
Telephone code : (+48) 91
License plate : ZGR
Economy and Transport
Next international airport : Szczecin-Goleniów



Banie ( German  Bahn ) is a village (former city) in the Polish West Pomeranian Voivodeship . It is the administrative seat of the Gmina Banie (rural community railway) in the Powiat Gryfiński (Greifenhagener district) . From the 13th century to 1945 it was one of the oldest towns in Pomerania.

Geographical location

Banie is located in Western Pomerania , about 30 kilometers south of Stettin ( Szczecin ) in the midst of a fertile agricultural landscape on the right bank of the River Tywa ( Thue ). The closest larger cities are Gryfino (Greifenhagen) in the northwest and Pyrzyce (Pyritz) in the east. There is a border crossing to Schwedt 25 kilometers away .

Railway south of Stettin and northeast of Königsberg Nm. on a map from 1905

history

Village church, until 1946 the church of the Protestant parish of Bahn
Plan of the city of Bahn, approx. 1611/1615 (from the Stralsund illuminated manuscript )

The area around Bahn was settled as early as the Late Bronze Age (around 1000 BC), as an urn field found during excavations in 1936 shows. In the early Middle Ages, the area was dominated by a Wendish rampart . From the beginning of the development of the Pomeranian duchies (12th century), Bahn was always on the southern periphery. Bahn is mentioned as a city in a deed of donation from 1234, with which Pomeranian Duke Barnim I donated the Bahner land to the Knights Templar . It is not known when the town charter was granted.

After the Knights Templar was abolished in 1312, the rule passed to the Order of St. John . In 1330 Brandenburg conquered the city with Pomerania during its border war, but in 1345 Pomerania took over by Duke Barnim III. feudal sovereignty over the city. Bahn Castle remained in the possession of the Order of St. John, whose master master Detlof von Waldmode got involved in disputes with the townspeople in 1399, as a result of which he was slain. As a penance, the city had to pay 25 guilders annually to the order and put up a murder cross until the 16th century .

In 1417 the St. Georgen Hospital was founded by the Johannites. The Bahn Passion Play was also created at this time . They went down in history when the main characters were killed in a jealous drama in 1498. The Passion Play was forbidden for all time and the church was banned from the city. The Pomeranian chroniclers of the 16th century say that as a result, the phrase “Dat geit tau as dat Späl tom Bahn (That goes like the game on the train)” became common. This described a situation that was created with the best of intentions and turned into exactly the opposite.

When there were border conflicts with Brandenburg again in 1478, Bahn was captured and destroyed by the Brandenburg troops on July 24, 1478, including the city wall. In the Prenzlau peace treaty on June 26, 1479, Pomeranian Duke Bogislaw X received the city of Bahn back, which he then returned to the Order of St. John.

After the division of the country in 1532/41 and 1569, Bahn belonged to the Duchy of Pomerania-Wolgast together with the property of the Johanniterkomturei Wildenbruch . The oldest surviving city roll dates from 1590, a collection of 67 articles in the standard German language, which was read to the citizens annually in the citizens' language . The city role was evidently drawn up solely by the city council, without the involvement of the Order of St. John or the Duke of Pomerania.

When the Pomeranian ducal family of the Griffins died out after the Thirty Years' War , Bahn first came to Sweden through the Peace of Westphalia in 1648. Only after the Swedish-Brandenburg War , in which Sweden lost the eastern Pomeranian area east of the Oder, did the city become part of Brandenburg in 1679. It was in the early 18th century in the Greifenhagener circle from which in 1818 the district Greifenhagen emerged, incorporated. In a town fire in 1690, the 13th century Maria Magdalena Church was destroyed to the ground; it was not finally restored until 1716. The last remnants of the old city fortifications were demolished in 1768, except for the powder tower that still exists today. In 1895, the Greifenhagener Kreisbahnen gave Bahn a small railway connection to Greifenhagen . However, because no direct connection to the Prussian railway network was created, industrialization barely affected the city at the end of the 19th century. There was also not much left of the former fairness of the market with four annual fairs. Bahn went into the 20th century as a small agricultural town. At the beginning of the 20th century there was a Protestant church and a synagogue in Bahn .

The Jewish community of Bahn existed from the first half of the 18th century until the time of the First World War. The memorial book of the Federal Archives lists four Jewish citizens living in Bahn who fell victim to the Holocaust .

Until 1945, Bahn belonged to the district of Greifenhagen in the administrative district of Stettin in the province of Pomerania .

Towards the end of the Second World War , Bahn was occupied by the Red Army in the spring of 1945 and then - like all of Western Pomerania - placed under Polish administration. Subsequently, the local German population was forced out of their houses and apartments by Polish civilians who had immigrated after the war, expropriated and driven from the railway by Polish militiamen . The German city of Bahn was renamed Banie .

Demographics

Number of inhabitants
year population Remarks
1740 1619
1782 1153 including 42 Jews
1791 1273 including 33 Jews
1794 1278 including 33 Jews
1812 1069 including six Catholics, 51 Jews
1816 1396 including nine Catholics, 73 Jews
1822 1577
1831 1744 thereof five Catholics, 86 Jews
1843 2140 including nine Catholics, 87 Jews
1852 2406 including seven Catholics, 97 Jews
1861 2651 eight Catholics, 96 Jews
1862 2728 eight Catholics, 96 Jews
1867 2981 on December 3rd
1871 3043 on December 1st, of which 2933 Protestants, seven Catholics, 103 Jews
1875 3003
1880 3146
1900 2708 mostly evangelicals
1925 2590 of which 2521 Protestants, 30 Catholics, fourteen Jews, one person with no religion, 24 without information
1933 2785
1939 2885

Personalities

Sons and daughters of the place

  • Adam Hamel († 1620), German Protestant theologian, superintendent of the Kolberg-Cammin monastery
  • Jodocus Andreas Hiltebrandt (1667–1746), German Protestant theologian, archdeacon in Stargard
  • Karl von Borcke (1800–1870), Prussian major general, most recently in command of the 16th Infantry Regiment
  • Franz von Borcke (1802–1886), Prussian lieutenant general, most recently commander of the 15th Infantry Brigade
  • Ludwig von Borcke (1804–1888), Prussian general of the infantry, most recently commanding general of the deputy I. Army Corps
  • Wilhelm von Borcke (1807–1867), Prussian lieutenant general, most recently commander of the 14th infantry brigade
  • Julius Nagel (1809–1884), German Protestant theologian, member of the Oberkirchenkollegium of the Evangelical Lutheran Church in Prussia
  • Paul Hagemeister (1868–1941), German politician (DDP), district president in Minden
  • Carl Steinbrück (1869–1945), Danzig politician (DNVP), member of the Danzig People's Day
  • Erich Nadler (1881–1960), German actor

Connected to the place

  • Karl Jakob Hiltebrandt (1629–1679), from 1661 Protestant pastor and provost of railways, was the ambassador of the Swedish king

literature

  • Gustav Kratz : The cities of the province of Pomerania - an outline of their history, mostly according to documents. Berlin 1865 (reprinted in 1996 by Sendet Reprint Verlag, Vaduz, ISBN 3-253-02734-1 ), pp. 20–24 ( full text ).
  • Städtebuch Hinterpommern (German city book. Handbook of urban history). Revised edition, Vol. 3.2, Stuttgart 2003, pp. 11–15.
  • Heinrich Berghaus : Land book of the Duchy of Pomerania and the Principality of Rügen. Part II, Volume 3, Anklam 1868, pp. 288–305 ( full text )

Web links

Commons : Banie  - collection of images, videos and audio files

Footnotes

  1. ↑ See for example Christian Friedrich Wutstrack (Ed.): Addendum to the short historical-geographical-statistical description of the royal-Prussian duchy of Western and Western Pomerania . Stettin 1795, pp. 155-156 .
  2. ^ Heinrich Berghaus : Land book of the Duchy of Pomerania and the Principality of Rügen . Part III, Volume 3: Greifenhagen and Pyritz districts , Anklam 1868, pp. 288–305 .
  3. ^ Heinrich Gottfried Philipp Gengler : Regesta and documents on the constitutional and legal history of German cities in the Middle Ages , Erlangen 1863, p. 102 .
  4. ↑ Pomerania. A Pomeranian chronicle from the sixteenth century . (Georg Gaebel, ed.). Stettin 1908, Volume 2, p. 188.
  5. ↑ a b Otto Rackmann: The city role of railway from the year 1590. In: Baltic studies . Volume 57 NF, 1971, ISSN  0067-3099 , pp. 43-50.
  6. ↑ See for example Ludwig Wilhelm Brüggemann (ed.): Detailed description of the current state of the Royal Prussian Duchy of Western and Western Pomerania . Part II, Volume 1, pp. 67-68 .
  7. ^ A b Meyers Konversations-Lexikon . 6th edition, Volume 2, Bibliographisches Institut, Leipzig and Vienna 1906, p. 271 ( Zeno.org ).
  8. ^ Commemorative Book - Victims of the Persecution of Jews under the National Socialist Tyranny in Germany 1933 - 1945 . Retrieved February 4, 2017.
  9. ↑ a b c d e f g h i Gustav Kratz : The cities of the province of Pomerania - outline of their history, mostly according to documents. Berlin 1865 (reprinted in 1996 by Sendet Reprint Verlag, Vaduz, ISBN 3-253-02734-1 ), pp. 20–24, especially p. 23 ( full text ).
  10. ↑ Christian Friedrich Wutstrack , Ed .: Short historical-geographical-statistical description of the royal Prussian duchy of Western and Western Pomerania . Stettin 1793, overview table on p. 736.
  11. ^ Friedrich von Restorff : Topographical description of the province of Pomerania with a statistical overview . Berlin and Stettin 1827, pp. 191-192 ( online ).
  12. ^ Heinrich Berghaus : Land book of the Duchy of Pomerania and the Principality of Rügen. Part II, Volume 3, Anklam 1868, p. 298 ( online ).
  13. ↑ a b Royal Statistical Bureau: The communities and manor districts of the Prussian state and their population . Part III: Pommern Province , Berlin 1874, p. 32, No. 1 ( online ).
  14. ^ A b c d Michael Rademacher: German administrative history from the unification of the empire in 1871 to the reunification in 1990. Greifenhagen district. (Online material for the dissertation, Osnabrück 2006).
  15. ↑ Gunthard Stübs and Pommersche Forschungsgemeinschaft: The district of Greifenhagen in the former province of Pomerania (2011).