Swobnica

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Swobnica
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Swobnica (Poland)
Swobnica
Swobnica
Basic data
State : Poland
Voivodeship : West Pomerania
Powiat : Gryfino
Gmina : Banie
Geographic location : 53 ° 3 '  N , 14 ° 37'  E Coordinates: 53 ° 2 '34 "  N , 14 ° 37' 28"  E
Height : 60 m npm
Residents : 700
Postal code : 74-112
Telephone code : (+48) 91
License plate : ZGR
Economy and Transport
Next international airport : Szczecin-Goleniów



Swobnica ( German  Wildenbruch in Pomerania ) is a village with 700 inhabitants in the Polish West Pomeranian Voivodeship in the powiat Gryfiński .

Geographical location

The place is about 50 kilometers south of Stettin ( Szczecin ), directly on the southern bank of the Jezioro Długie ( Long Lake ). The nearest larger cities are Gryfino ( Greifenhagen ) in the northwest, Chojna ( Königsberg in der Neumark ) in the southwest and Pyrzyce ( Pyritz ) in the northeast. There is a border crossing to Schwedt 28 kilometers away .

history

Wildenbruch Castle in Swobnica
Early Gothic village church of St. Casimir, (13th century, with later changes), field stone walls made of granite with an ornamental brick gable

Wildenbruch was first mentioned in a document in 1345. As the successor to the Templars, the Order of St. John received permission in 1377 to build a new commander's seat as a replacement for the seat in Rörchen that had been destroyed in a feud and moved into in 1382. After the Reformation, the Wildenbruch Commandery belonged to the Pomeranian-Wolgast part of the Duchy formed in 1532/41. At that time, the Commander-in-Law belonged to the castle-seated nobility of Pomerania, most recently members of the von Putbus family. Due to the double subordination of the Commander to the ruling Duke of Pommern-Wolgast and the Lord Master of Sonnenburg, temporary conflicts arose between Pomerania and Brandenburg. With the Peace of Westphalia in 1648, Wildenbruch first became part of Swedish Pomerania . The commandery was secularized. Wildenbruch belonged to the part of Swedish Pomerania that came to Brandenburg as early as 1679 with the Peace of Saint-Germain .

In 1680 the second wife of the Elector Friedrich Wilhelm von Brandenburg ( the Great Elector ) Dorothea acquired the rulership of Wildenbruch with her own casket money, combined it with the rule of Schwedt-Vierraden, which had already been acquired in 1670, and thus formed the manorial rule of the branch line of the Brandenburg-Prussian Hohenzollern Schwedt-Wildenbruch .

Princess Dorothea immediately started the baroque renovation of the castle complex. Well-known architects such as Cornelis Ryckwaert (Oranienbaum Palace, Zerbst, and Sonnenburg Palace in the vicinity of Swobnica) and Johann Arnold Nering (Charlottenburg Palace in Berlin) were involved in the modernization work. Northern Italian plasterers created the rich baroque interior, some of which has been preserved to this day. This furnishing is probably the only such well-preserved example of baroque secular art in the area of ​​the Polish West Pomeranian Voivodeship.

After the death of his mother Dorothea, Margrave Philipp Wilhelm inherited the Schwedt-Wildenbruch rule. His son, Margrave Friedrich ( the great Margrave ) died in Wildenbruch in 1771. From 1759 to 1765 Wildenbruch was leased to Johann Justus Bandel (1725–1813), who later became the margravial tenant in nearby Kunow . After the Schwedt-Wildenbruch secondary school died out with the death of Margrave Friedrich Heinrich in 1788, Wildenbruch fell back to the Prussian royal family.

Two children emerged from the partnership between Prince Louis Ferdinand of Prussia and Henriette Fromme, who came from a Magdeburg civil servant family: Anton Albert Heinrich Ludwig (1803–1874), who later became the father of the writer Ernst von Wildenbruch , and Blanche. Both received in 1810 from King Friedrich Wilhelm III. the name "von Wildenbruch" and were raised to the nobility.

In 1895, the Greifenhagener Kreisbahnen gave Wildenbruch a rail link to Greifenhagen. Passenger traffic between Banie and Swobnica was discontinued in 1983 and the line was dismantled in 1987.

Before 1945, Wildenbruch formed a municipality in the Greifenhagen district of the Prussian province of Pomerania . In 1945 Wildenbruch came to Poland, like all of Western Pomerania.

The Polish administration took over an intact castle, which was initially converted into apartments. In 1948 it became part of a farm and the Corps de Logis housed offices from then on. In 1957 the ensemble was placed under monument protection. It was not until the 1960s that the castle began to decline due to misuse. At times it served as a grain store, but it was empty from the 1970s. From 1992 to 2011 the castle was in the hands of a private Dutch investor who did not carry out any renovation measures. In 2008, the northern side wing collapsed. In 2009 a support association was founded in Poland and a year later in Berlin to preserve the castle, and in 2011 the castle became the property of the municipality of Banie. In 2012 the ailing roof of the Corps de Logis was repaired, in 2013 the tower was renovated, and in 2015 the roof of the southern side wing was renewed.

Development of the population

  • 1925: 923
  • 1933: 985
  • 1939: 924

literature

  • Martin Reepel: Pomerania. The handbook for traveling and hiking in Pomerania. Verkehrsverband für Pommern, Stettin 1932. (Reprint: Verlag Gerhard Rautenberg, Leer 1988, ISBN 3-7921-0386-9 , pp. 52-53).
  • Detlef Schnell: Wildenbruch Castle. In: Pomerania. Journal for Culture and History , Volume 41 (2003), Issue 2, pp. 30–32.
  • Roman Czejarek: Swobnica. Wildenbruch. Stowarzyszenie Czas Przestrzeń Tożsamość, Szczecin 2006, ISBN 83-923059-3-0 .
  • Guido Hinterkeuser: Wildenbruch | Swobnica , Berlin 2014, 2nd edition (= Palaces and Gardens of the Neumark / Zamki i Ogrody Nowej Marchii 4). [1. 2007 edition].

Web links

Commons : Swobnica  - collection of images, videos and audio files
Wikisource: Wildenbruch in the Topographia Electoratus Brandenburgici et Ducatus Pomeraniae (Matthäus Merian)  - sources and full texts

Individual evidence

  1. ^ A b c Michael Rademacher: German administrative history from the unification of the empire in 1871 to the reunification in 1990. Grabhagen.html. (Online material for the dissertation, Osnabrück 2006).