Greifswald district

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The district area 1905

The district of Greifswald was a district that consisted of Swedish Western Pomerania , the Prussian province of Pomerania , the Soviet occupation zone and the GDR from 1806 to 1952. His area is now in the district of Vorpommern-Greifswald in Mecklenburg-Vorpommern .

Administrative history

prehistory

The history of the castle districts ended at the end of the 15th century. The ducal bailiwicks were formed, and the monastery buildings were often used as official seats after the Reformation. They existed until 1648 and were replaced by the Swedish offices. The Wolgast Office was responsible for the designated area with an official governor. In 1806 the Swedes carried out a territorial reform. Swedish Pomerania was divided into the four offices (Swedish: Härade ) Bergen , Franzburg , Greifswald and Grimmen . The city of Greifswald became the official seat . Because of the French invasion (1807-1813) this reform was hardly noticed.

Kingdom of Prussia

After the Congress of Vienna , Swedish Pomerania came to the Kingdom of Prussia and became the administrative district of Stralsund in the province of Pomerania . The Swedish offices formed in 1806 became Prussian districts , including the Greifswald district of Greifswald . This mostly comprised rural areas around the city of Greifswald. The district office (Kreishaus) was first located on Steinbecker Strasse in Greifswald.

North German Confederation / German Empire

Coat of arms of the Greifswald district

Since July 1, 1867, the district belonged to the North German Confederation and since January 1, 1871 to the German Empire . Gradually, the class division of the regional and district assemblies was decimated and then abolished. Before 1900 the general election to the district assemblies was introduced.

Seal of the district committee of the Greifswald district

In 1871 the district included the four cities of Greifswald, Gützkow, Lassan and Wolgast as well as 32 rural communities and 149 independent manor districts . The district office (Kreishaus) had been in Bahnhofstrasse 46/47 (later an art institute) since around 1880, and since 1912 on Markt 10 and Markt 11 .

On April 1, 1913, the city of Greifswald left the district and from then on formed its own urban district . This gave the previous Greifswald district the name Greifswald district . On September 30, 1929, a territorial reform took place in the Greifswald district as in the rest of the Free State of Prussia , in which all independent manor districts were dissolved and assigned to neighboring rural communities. On October 1, 1932, the Stralsund administrative district was dissolved. The Greifswald district was now part of the Stettin administrative district .

Between 1935 and 1939 the municipalities of the district - apart from the three cities and the island municipalities - were merged to form the eleven large municipalities Hanshagen, Katzow, Kröslin, Kuntzow, Landhagen , Lentschow , Quilow, Rubkow, Weitenhagen, Wusterhusen and Züssow. These large communities roughly covered the areas of the then administrative districts. The communities Eldena and Wieck left the district on April 1, 1939 and were incorporated into the Greifswald district. From April 30, 1945, the district was occupied by the Red Army .

Soviet occupation zone / German Democratic Republic

Since 1945 the district of Greifswald has belonged to the enlarged state of Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania (part of the name Western Pomerania was deleted in 1947 by order of the Soviet Army), from 1947 to the state of Mecklenburg . The large communities formed in the 1930s were dissolved again on August 1, 1946 and the district was again divided into traditional communities in addition to the three cities of Gützkow , Lassan and Wolgast . The administrations, including the mayors, were installed by the Soviet occupying forces. In 1946 there were the first and only democratic and free elections in the Soviet occupation zone and GDR.

The first change in the district boundaries took place on July 1, 1950. The city of Greifswald and the municipality of Mesekenhagen from the district of Grimmen were added to the district. The town of Lassan and the communities Buggenhagen , Groß Polzin , Klein Bünzow , Klotzow , Murchin , Pamitz , Pinnow , Pulow , Rubkow , Salchow , Wahlendow , Wehrland and Ziethen moved from the Greifswald district to the Anklam district .

A major administrative reform took place in the GDR on July 25, 1952, during which the five states were dissolved and replaced by 14 districts and most of the districts were replaced by smaller districts. The old district of Greifswald was also dissolved:

The MPs elected to the state parliament in 1946 went to the new districts without new elections. The administrative levels in the Soviet Zone and GDR were the councils, i. H. District Council, District Council and City Council. The council of the Greifswald district, from 1990 district office, was located in the barracks on Nexö-Platz until June 12, 1994.

Population development

year Residents source
1816 29,485
1846 47,468
1871 54,274
1890 59,868
1900 61,840
1910 63,858
1925 41,012
1933 40,605
1939 39,041
1946 69,692

Local constitution until 1945

The district of Greifswald was divided into cities, rural communities and - until their dissolution in 1928/29 - into independent manor districts . With the introduction of the Prussian Municipal Constitutional Act of December 15, 1933, there was a uniform municipal constitution for all Prussian municipalities from January 1, 1934. With the introduction of the German municipal code of January 30, 1935, the leader principle was enforced on April 1, 1935 at the municipal level . A new district constitution was no longer created; The district regulations for the provinces of East and West Prussia, Brandenburg, Pomerania, Silesia and Saxony from March 19, 1881 continued to apply.

District administrators

from to District Administrator
1818 Fisherman
1820 1838 LC Liedin
1841 from Mühlenfels
1843 Rudolph, inter.
1844 1865 Leopold von Seeckt (1795–1870)
1868 1880 Magnus von Wedel
1881 1895 Carl von Behr (1835–1906)
1895 1918 Carl von Behr (1865–1933)
1919 1920 Karl Knoll (* 1871)
1920 1931 Werner Kogge (1887–1973) , (initiated the Pomeranian fisherman carpets )
1932 1933 Wilhelm Becker
1934 1936 Kurt Ebhardt (* 1890)
1936 1942 Walther von Corswant (1886–1942)
1944 1945 Wilderich from Merveldt

cities and communes

As of 1950

After the dissolution of the large municipalities formed in the 1930s, the district comprised the following cities and municipalities before the first regional reform in the GDR in 1950:

Municipalities dissolved or eliminated before 1950

  • Bünzow , on April 1, 1938, to the Rubkow community
  • Eldena , on April 1st, 1939 in Greifswald
  • Gladrow , on December 1, 1935 to the large community of Züssow
  • Jarmshagen , on April 1, 1938, to the greater Landhagen community
  • Karrin-Mittelhof , before 1935 to Groß Ernsthof
  • Kiesow , on December 1, 1935 to the large community of Züssow
  • Klein Ernsthof , before 1935 to the large municipality of Brünzow
  • Konerow , on October 1, 1937 to the large community of Wusterhausen
  • Latzow , on October 1, 1937, to the greater community of Kröslin
  • New disgrace , to Hinrichshagen before 1935
  • Oie , after 1939 to Kröslin
  • Pansow , on April 1, 1938 to the greater Landhagen community
  • Ruden , after 1939 to Kröslin
  • Spiegelsdorf , before 1935 to Adlig Boltenhagen
  • Steffenshagen , on April 1, 1938 to the large community of Landhagen
  • Wieck , on April 1, 1939 in Greifswald
  • Zarnitz , before 1935 to Hohendorf

literature

  • Royal Statistical Bureau: The municipalities and manors of the province of Pomerania and their people. Edited and compiled from the original materials of the general census of December 1, 1871. Berlin 1874, pp. 200-207.
  • Heinrich Berghaus Land book of the Duchy of Pomerania and the Principality of Rügen . IV. Part II. Volume: Greifswalder Kreis . Anklam 1868, online .
  • Walther Hubatsch, Outline of German Administrative History 1815-1945, Series A: Prussia, Volume 3: Pommern, Marburg 1975, p. 93

Web links

Commons : Landkreis Greifswald  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Friedrich Hermann Sonnenschmidt (ed.): Collection of the laws passed for New Western Pomerania and Rügen in the years 1802 until the end of 1817 . tape 1 . Stralsund 1844, p. 288 ( digitized - Royal Decree of July 9, 1806).
  2. ^ Heinrich Berghaus: Land book of the Duchy of Pomerania and the Principality of Rügen . IV. Part, Volume IW Dietze, Berlin 1866, Territorial History of New Western Pomerania and Rügen, p. 1 ( digitized version ).
  3. ↑ a b The municipalities and manor districts of the province of Pomerania and their population in 1871
  4. ↑ a b c d e f g Michael Rademacher: German administrative history from the unification of the empire in 1871 to the reunification in 1990. Greifswald district. (Online material for the dissertation, Osnabrück 2006).
  5. ↑ a b GenWiki: Greifswald district
  6. ^ Christian Gottfried Daniel Stein: Handbook of Geography and Statistics of the Prussian State . Vossische Buchhandlung, Berlin 1819, The administrative district of Stralsund, p. 229 ( digitized version [accessed on May 5, 2016]).
  7. ↑ Royal Statistical Bureau (ed.): Mittheilungen des Statistisches Bureau's in Berlin, Volume 2 . Population of the districts. S. 317 ( digitized version ).
  8. ↑ 1946 census
  9. ↑ Lentschow was incorporated into Murchin on August 1, 1950.
  10. ↑ Pinnow bei Anklam was spun off as an independent community on August 1st from the large community of Lentschow formed on October 15th, 1938 . On July 1, 1950, Pinnow moved to the Anklam district.