Wieck (Greifswald)
Wieck is a district of the Hanseatic and university town of Greifswald and has 472 inhabitants. The former fishing village is located on the northern side of the mouth of the river Ryck in the Danish Wiek , a bay of the Greifswald Bodden .
The most famous landmark of the over 800 year old town is the Wieck bascule bridge . Other sights are the fishing port, the many thatched houses and the Bugenhagen Church . In the summer months in particular, Wieck and the neighboring Eldena are the most popular local recreation areas in Greifswald and a destination for holidaymakers . That is why there are several cafes, bars, restaurants and hotels in the village.
Every year on the third weekend in July, the traditional fishing festival Gaffelrigg takes place in Greifswald-Wieck . In addition to the Hanse Sail in Rostock, this is the largest maritime folk festival in Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania, each with over 50,000 visitors. The highlight is a regatta of traditional ships from the museum harbor Greifswald, which is also joined by traditional foreign ships and many sports boats.
story
In 1248 Wieck was first mentioned as "Vicus" and "Wico". It was "Wico ante claustrum" for the first time as a possession of the monastery Eldena mentioned, making it one of the oldest fishing villages in northern Germany .
In 1299 two names were combined when "Denschewic et Wendeschewic" were mentioned in a document. The designation as "slavica villa" or Wendische Wieck , to distinguish it from the "Denschen Wieck", was in use until at least 1336, which indicates that the place is older than the monastery. After that the place was merged to "Wyke" (called 1541).
The name Wieck is derived from the Danish " vik " ; In the Old Norse language , the word indicates a bay or a river inlet. A second variant derives the name from the Pomeranian suburbian name "Vik" (= city or market).
In 1297, the city of Greifswald acquired a strip of land from the monastery on the north bank of what was then the mouth of the Ryck. Possibly already at this time or a little later, the Ryck estuary was relocated to the north. The excavated soil was stored on the remaining piece of land between the old and the new river mouth, the so-called "Remel". The possession of the "Remels" and the practice of fishing became a protracted dispute with the Cistercian monks in the neighboring Eldena monastery south of the river Ryck. Even after the secularization of the monastery, the dispute with the ducal office of Eldena continued until an agreement was reached in 1611 and a border trench was dug.
In earlier times, the Wieck port served both as a fishing port and as an outer port for the freight shipping to Greifswald at that time . Around 1600 there was a beacon ("Bluse") at the tip of the north bank. A town bailiff supervised the port and collected the fees. The entrance could be blocked by means of the “tree”, a beam floating in the water across the fairway. During the Swedish era, a ski jump was built on the north side of the Ryck estuary in 1665 .
The urban part of Wieck could not expand because of its narrow borders, while the population in the former monastic part, which has belonged to the University of Greifswald since 1634, increased from 245 inhabitants in 1767 to 898 inhabitants in 1852. With the growth of sailing, Wieck became a fishing and seafaring village in the 19th century. The port was also one of the most important ports of refuge for coastal fishing. Until 1897, when the “Utkiek” excursion restaurant was built, there was a net drying area for the Wieck fishermen on the north bank of the mouth of the Ryck.
In 1827 the Prussian postal administration relocated the southern point of the Seepostlinie from Pomerania to the Swedish Ystad in Wieck harbor because of the silting up of the Stralsund harbor . Between Greifswald and Wieck upside to this end by a horse getreidelte track boat . This traffic connection also enabled Wieck to develop into a local recreation destination. There has been evidence of bathing here since 1834. The trek barge was retained even after the Seepost was moved back to Stralsund in 1841 and was later replaced by steam boats.
On November 13, 1872, a storm flood led to 2.64 m above sea level. NN to the highest high water level since the beginning of the recording.
From 1857 the Wieck harbor was continuously expanded. The north pier was built from 1858 to 1862 and the harbor was widened to 60 meters with the expansion of the south pier and the bulwarks . In addition, the Wieck village church or Bugenhagen church, built in the style of historicism , was completed in 1883 . In their cemetery there is a noteworthy tombstone that commemorates three Wieck fishermen who died as a sailor. The following inscription can be found on the simple stone made of black marble: “ Bernhard Beuge, * 1.4. 1889; Ernst Riesebeck, * April 20. 1903; Otto Riesebeck, * 9.4. 1910. They found death in the waves on March 29th. 1934. ”In addition, in the years after German reunification (1990), a stone“ peace stele ”with a base was positioned and inaugurated in the cemetery near the church building. The following inscriptions can be found on two sides of the memorial stone: The victims of wars and violence - The living as a warning (left side), seek peace and pursue it, Ps. 34.15 (right side).
The construction of the wooden bascule bridge, inaugurated on July 25, 1887, based on the Dutch model by the carpenters of Greifswald shipyard Spruth was the final step. Since then, the Wieck bascule bridge has been the landmark of the town that can be seen from afar and has repeatedly served as a motif for photographers and painters. Before the bridge was built, a ferry had to cross the Ryck. The name of a nearby restaurant still reminds of this today.
The expansion of the initially student sports airfield in the neighboring village of Ladebow into a military air base in the years 1934 to 1939 meant that the tower of the Wiecker church was significantly shortened, because otherwise it would have hindered flight operations.
On April 1, 1939 Wieck was incorporated into Greifswald at the same time as Eldena and Ladebow. On May 13, 1944, the only aerial bomb that fell on the town during World War II killed 25 people on the church square.
Wieck has been the home port of the sailing training ship Greif (ex Wilhelm Pieck ) since 1954 . It was named after the then President of the GDR , Wilhelm Pieck , who also took part in the maiden voyage ; It was christened by Waltraud Zappe. In 1954 the FDJ was taken over by the Society for Sport and Technology . Later the GST naval school "August Lütgens" was established in Wieck . The Wilhelm Pieck was the only deep sea sailing ship in the GDR and mostly made trips in the Baltic Sea to ports in the People's Republic of Poland and the USSR. After the political change , the ship was taken over by the city of Greifswald in 1990 and renamed Greif in 1991 . The operation of the sailing ship is carried out by the Förderverein Rahsegler Greif e. V. supports. The Greifswald “Greif” is regularly represented at the Hanse Sail , which has been taking place in Warnemünde every year since 1991 , and has always been among the top places. In addition, the "Greif" embodies the "flagship" of the Gaffelrigg , which is considered the largest maritime event in Western Pomerania as part of the "Greifswald-Wiecker Fishing Festival", which took place annually in July during the GDR era. (See Greif (Schiff, 1951) ).
Barrier construction and flood protection
Storm high water levels on the southern Baltic Sea coast are primarily generated by strong winds ( storm , hurricane ) from the northern directions, whereby due to the shape of the Baltic Sea basin and the location of the West Pomeranian coast, the NE direction with around 750 km of wind force is the greatest danger for Greifswald. Wieck holds within itself.
In 1872 Wieck was hit so badly by a storm flood that almost the entire village was destroyed. At that time the water reached as far as the salt marshes near the city of Greifswald, 5 km away, and was 2.64 m above sea level. NN . Statistically speaking, severe storm floods occur in Greifswald every 100 years.
| date | High water level |
|---|---|
| November 13, 1872 | 2.64 m above sea level NN |
| April 19, 1903 | 1.29 m above sea level NN |
| December 31, 1904 | 2.39 m above sea level NN |
| December 30, 1913 | 2.10 m above sea level NN |
| March 2, 1949 | 1.80 m above sea level NN |
| 4th January 1954 | 1.82 m above sea level NN |
| December 14, 1957 | 1.52 m above sea level NN |
| January 14, 1960 | 1.13 m above sea level NN |
| November 12, 1968 | 1.54 m above sea level NN |
| January 12, 1987 | 1.41 m above sea level NN |
| August 31, 1995 | 1.22 m above sea level NN |
| November 4, 1995 | 1.94 m above sea level NN |
| April 12, 1997 | 1.21 m above sea level NN |
| January 20, 1998 | 1.04 m above sea level NN |
| February 2002 | 1.10 m above sea level NN |
| January 2007 | 1.32 m above sea level NN |
| March 2007 | 1.15 m above sea level NN |
| March 22, 2008 | 1.33 m above sea level NN |
| October 15, 2009 | 1.31 m above sea level NHN |
After extensive planning by the Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania Environment Agency, the construction of an approx. 7 m high flood barrier began in 2011 in Wieck . The construction work had been prepared from September 2008 with the construction of a 923 m long dike south of the Ryck estuary.
The barrage, which was inaugurated on April 27, 2016, is intended to seal off the Ryck in the event of a flood risk at the height of the dyke built 250 m from the mouth in the 1960s and, in conjunction with the reinforcement and construction of further dykes, be part of a comprehensive storm surge protection system for Greifswald. The construction project, one of the largest of the general plan for coastal and flood protection in the state of Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania, cost almost 28 million euros. With the construction of the barrage, the flood protection is to be relocated from the banks of the Ryck directly to the lagoon coast and the Wieck district in particular is to be better protected.
The barrage in the Ryck estuary uses a rotating element that is designed for a design high water level of 3.00 m above sea level. NHN is designed and with an expected high water level of 1.10 m above sea level. NHN closes the port. This will be necessary on average once a year. Up to this high water level, no major damage is to be expected and the brackish water-accustomed biotopes in the Ryck lowlands will be preserved due to these flooding possibilities.
With the construction of the barrage, access to the port will be narrowed from 60 to 21 meters. The narrowing of the port entrance over a length of approx. 50 m (side length of the barrage of 18 m and rows of dolphins in and out of 2 × 20 m) make it difficult for sailing boats to enter under sails because they do not have enough space to maneuver when there is oncoming traffic will have more in the barrage area. The youth sports departments of the Greifswald yacht clubs are therefore being relocated to the Eldena lido. The barrage is controversial from a touristic point of view. Critics believe that it will affect the picturesque view of Wieck harbor.
Wieck in film, art and literature
Wieck was in the DEFA era and is still a popular location for several feature films and documentaries today. Individual scenes were shot here for the DEFA music film Hot Summer from 1968 and also for the feature film The Smile of the Deep Sea Fish from 2005 (arte / WDR).
The sculptor Heinrich Zenichowski (* 1941 in Lodz ), known far beyond Greifswald, has lived, lived and worked in Wieck for decades . for the Wieck Promenade on the north bank of the Ryck created numerous wooden sculptures with a maritime and folkloric content that stretch from the Wieck drawbridge to the north pier.
The writer Herbert Nachbar (1930–1980) was also born in Greifswald-Wieck , who later set a literary monument for the fishing village with his novel Der Mond hat eine Hof (Berlin 1956).
Caspar David Friedrich
Caspar David Friedrich, one of the most important painters of German Romanticism and son of Greifswald, looked for and found the motifs for some of his works in the vicinity of his hometown, including in Wieck.
literature
- Luise Kruse: Greifswald-Wieck through the ages. Stories and experiences from older and more recent times. A literary and journalistic foray through Wieck am Greifswalder Bodden . In: Neue Greifswalder Museumhefte , No. 7, Greifswald 1979
- Lutz Mohr : Between Danish and Gristower Wiek. The Greifswald suburb of Wieck, the Große Stubber and the Greifswalder Bodden in the past and present . In: Neue Greifswald Museumshefte , No. 4, Greifswald 1978
- Karin Odemer, Lutz Mohr: Our way to the sea. 25 years of the naval school of GST "August Lütgens" Greifswald-Wieck. In: Poseidon. Maritime magazine of GST , Berlin, No. 4/1979, p. 11f
- Sebastian Heiden: 770 years of Wieck. Chromik (1248-2018). Wieck through the ages . Published by Greifswald-Wieck-media on behalf of Heimatverein Wieck e. V., Greifswald-Wieck 2018, 47 p., Numerous. B&W and color images
Web links
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b c d Manfred Niemeyer: Ostvorpommern . Collection of sources and literature on place names. Volume 2: Mainland. (= Greifswald contributions to toponymy. Volume 2), Ernst Moritz Arndt University Greifswald, Institute for Slavic Studies, Greifswald 2001, ISBN 3-86006-149-6 . P. 144
- ^ Pomeranian document book . Volume 1, No. 478
- ↑ a b c d e Rudolf Biederstedt : Investigations into the settlement history of the Greifswald suburbs and districts . In: Baltic Studies . New episode band 77 . NG Elwert, Marburg 1991, p. 78/79 .
- ^ Pomeranian document book . Volume 3, No. 1816
- ↑ a b Greifswald: Barrage against storm surges . ( Memento from March 23, 2011 in the Internet Archive ) ndr.de, March 22, 2011; Retrieved January 5, 2012
- ^ State Office for Agriculture and Environment, Western Pomerania
- ↑ Construction site information Barrage Greifswald ( Memento of the original dated May 12, 2016 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link has been inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ↑ Page on the flood barrage, State Office for Agriculture and Environment, Western Pomerania
- ↑ Function of the Greifswald barrage ( Memento of the original from April 23, 2016 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link has been inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ↑ Storm surge protection Greifswald - operating regime of the barrage State Office for Agriculture and Environment Western Pomerania
Coordinates: 54 ° 6 ′ N , 13 ° 27 ′ E