Traditional ship
The term traditional ship has two different meanings. In the vernacular , "traditional ships " are older ships and boats that have largely been preserved in their original condition or have been restored to such a condition, but do not necessarily represent an original condition of their history. Also, museum ships , such as the MS Dresden as "Historic Ship Type Peace" (name used from 1970 to 2013), are commonly included.
In addition, "traditional ship" is a legally binding term in several countries for - usually older or traditionally operated - ships that have to meet requirements for safety certificates and certificates of competency of the crew members that differ from today's standards in order to maintain the shipping tradition. B. regular commercially operated ships would have to.
Traditional ships are maintained by museum harbors , individuals or operating companies and associations of different legal forms in often laborious work in order to provide insight into earlier epochs of shipping , shipbuilding or seamanship (see also the history of seafaring ).
Traditional ships (seagoing ships) in Europe
"Traditional Ship" in the countries Denmark , Germany , Estonia , Finland , the Netherlands , Norway , Sweden (as "Traditionsfartyg"), Spain and the United Kingdom (as "traditional ship") is a legally binding term in the agreement the mutual recognition of certificates for the safe operation of traditional ships in European waters and of certificates of competency for crew members of traditional ships (Memorandum of Understanding) is used. The memorandum regulates the mutual recognition of the safety certificates and certificates of competency of the traditional ships under the conditions specified there by the signatory states.
The national umbrella associations of European traditional shipping cooperate in the umbrella association of European traditional ships, European Maritime Heritage . In addition to regular congresses and a newsletter, an essential publication is the “Charter of Barcelona”, which sets out the minimum requirements for the restoration and conservation of traditional ships.
The political mandate to the European governments is documented, among other things, in Recommendation 1486 (2000) of the European Parliament and reads:
"The Assembly therefore recommends that the Committee of Ministers: ... support and encourage public and private bodies and voluntary associations which preserve historic vessels, or life-size or large scale replicas, in working order; encourage the display and use of these vessels for the education and enjoyment of the general public; encourage further development of a system of mutual acceptability by the maritime authorities of nation states of standards for the safe operation of traditional vessels in European waters. "
Traditional ship See in Germany
In Germany, the term "traditional ship" as well as its approval and operation is regulated in Annex 1a Part 3 of the Ship Safety Ordinance. Traditional ships are historical watercraft, the presentation of which is of public interest while in motion. Historic watercraft are ships that:
- were mainly built with the original materials in the original and are worth preserving because of their design, construction, their former purpose and their rarity,
- are not true to the original, but their overall appearance corresponds to a forerunner type that has been proven to have existed in the past (recognized dismantling),
- are based on a historical model (replicas) or
- are particularly suitable as sailing training ships for in-depth training in traditional seamanship and are at least 24 m long (sailing training ships).
Traditional ships require a safety certificate of by the Maritime Safety Regulation Ship Safety of the BG Verkehr . With this certificate the operators are allowed to operate their ships non-commercially by conveying historical ship operating technology and traditional seamanship to passengers on board.
Skippers of traditional ships do not require professional patents ("certificates of competence") according to the international STCW agreement , but depending on the size, number of passengers and area of travel, a recreational boat license for the lake, a sports lake or a sports high seas license ("certificates of proficiency"). For traditional ships with a hull length of 25 m or more, the skipper or machinist must make an additional entry in his or her sport lake or high seas boat license. The technical requirements for these additional entries are determined by the Joint Commission for Historic Watercraft (GSHW e.V.), the German umbrella organization for traditional ships . The regular crew for the traditional ships can be found in Appendix 4 of the Sportseeschifferscheinverordnung .
In the event of a dispute about the issue of a safety certificate for a traditional ship, an operator can contact the ombudsman for traditional shipping. The ombudsman then submits a non-binding mediation proposal.
According to the AGMD (Association of German Museum Ports) and the GSHW , the number of approved traditional ships fell from 150 in the 2000s to 105 in 2013.
Traditional lake in Switzerland
The term “traditional ship” is not more closely defined in Switzerland by laws or ordinances. Nevertheless, the Salomon was described as a special case in the context of Swiss seafaring in its maritime letter as "Traditional Ship, Sailing Vessel with Auxiliary Engine". This is an individual decision that was made on the basis of the following circumstances: As part of the approval of the Salomon , the responsible Maritime Administration of the Federal Department of Foreign Affairs faced the problem that the ship was not subject to the Swiss Yacht Ordinance due to its size and planned area of operation. However, with Article 35 paragraph 1 of the Swiss Maritime Law, it is possible to register a seagoing vessel in the same way as a commercial merchant ship. Such registration assumes that the owner and company are domestic and operate the ship with a philanthropic , humanitarian, scientific, cultural or similar purpose. This was seen after review. Since there are no corresponding guidelines in Switzerland itself, the inspections as part of the safety inspections and maintenance are carried out with the assistance of an expert in the field of traditional ships who is publicly appointed and sworn in Germany. This is based on the German "Safety Guidelines for Traditional Ships" in its work.
Traditional ship inland in Europe
The technical approval of inland waterway vessels is regulated by the “Technical Regulations for Inland Waterways” Directive 2006/86 / EC.
This EC guideline contains - currently (February 2009) - still empty chapter 19 "Historical watercraft". The JWG of the Central Commission for Navigation on the Rhine and the European Commission have various national drafts for this chapter, some of which were created with the cooperation of the respective national umbrella organizations for traditional ships (for Germany with the cooperation of the GSHW and the German Maritime Museum), as well as a draft of the Inland Vessel Council of the European umbrella association of traditional ships EMH.
Traditional ship inland in Germany
The national implementation of the EC Directive in German law is the "Ordinance on Ship Safety in Inland Shipping" (Inland Ship Inspection Ordinance) of December 6, 2008 ( Federal Law Gazette I p. 2450 ) plus the annex. Here the “historical watercraft” of the EU directive is listed under the term “traditional vehicle” as a subordinate term for passenger ships. (Definition and chapter without content).
Individual evidence
- ↑ "London MoU 2005" ( Memento of the original from July 9, 2007 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. (PDF)
- ^ European Maritime Heritage
- ↑ "Charter of Barcelona" (PDF file; 263 kB)
- ↑ Recommendation 1486 (2000) of the Parliamentary Assembly of the Council of Europe ( Memento of the original from December 20, 2013 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ↑ https://www.deutsche-flagge.de/de/flagge/schiffsarten/traditionsschiffe#Einstufen%20umstritten
- ↑ Sea letter of the "Salomon". (PDF) (No longer available online.) Formerly in the original ; Retrieved November 9, 2015 . ( Page no longer available , search in web archives ) Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ^ Ordinance on Swiss yachts at sea. (PDF) Retrieved November 9, 2015 .
- ↑ Federal law on maritime shipping under the Swiss flag. Retrieved November 9, 2015 .
- ↑ Directive 2006/87 / EC (PDF)
- ↑ "Permanent Joint Working Group" (JWG) ( Memento of January 21, 2011 in the Internet Archive ) (PDF, see Memorandum of Understanding of the Central Commission for Navigation on the Rhine and the European Commission on the joint implementation of activities in connection with inland navigation see Protocol p . 50 ff.)
- ↑ Draft of the EMH Inland Vessel Council (PDF file; 16 kB)
- ↑ Annex to the Inland Ship Inspection Regulations (PDF)
literature
- Traditional ships threatened. In: Daily port report . March 6, 2013, p. 3, Seehafen-Verlag, Hamburg 2013, ISSN 2190-8753 .
- Frank Binder: Many traditional ships are threatened with extinction. In: Daily port report. July 25, 2013, p. 3.
