Cerkwica
| Cerkwica | |||
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| Basic data | |||
| State : | Poland | ||
| Voivodeship : | West Pomerania | ||
| Powiat : | Gryfice | ||
| Gmina : | Karnice | ||
| Geographic location : | 54 ° 1 ' N , 15 ° 7' E | ||
| Residents : | |||
| Telephone code : | (+48) 91 | ||
| License plate : | ZGY | ||
| Economy and Transport | |||
| Next international airport : | Szczecin-Goleniów | ||
Cerkwica (German Zirkwitz ) is a village in the rural municipality of Karnice ( Karnitz ) in the district of Gryficki ( Greifenberger Kreis ) in the Polish West Pomeranian Voivodeship . (Until 1998 the village belonged to the Szczecin Voivodeship .)
Geographical location
The village is located in Western Pomerania , about five kilometers southeast of Karnice ( Karnitz ), 13 kilometers northwest of Gryfice ( Greifenberg i. Pom. ) And 80 kilometers northeast of Stettin .
history
The name Cerkwica or Zirkwitz (1264: Cyrkevitze , 1314: Cirkevitz, also Cerekwica ) goes back to the meaning of a church (Pomoran: cerkwa = church). In 1124 a solemn baptism of the Pomeranian population was carried out by the missionary Otto von Bamberg . He is also called the Apostle of Pomerania . As early as 1270 there is evidence of a church in Cerkwica in which the pleban (people priest ) Albertus testifies to the sale of the Rega river to the Belbuck monastery . In 1287 the village was transferred to the Premonstratensian monastery in Treptow. From 1321 a Teslaw and Ganskin be of Zirkwitz ( whole cinema de Cyrkevitze ) named the latter as a squire and Klostervasall. In 1337 a Wlphardo von Bevenhausen is mentioned in a document.
Even before the secularization of religious goods in the 16th century, Zirkwitz was in the hands of noble families. In 1430, Henning von Woedtke on Zirkwitz, married to Maria von Manteuffel from the Brotiz house , is listed as the owner. In the 16th century Albrecht von Woedtke auf Zirkwitz had to provide three feudal horses for military service. In 1506 it was documented in connection with the payment of a sum of 25 guilders as a pension to Claus von Brockhausen . In 1628 another family was probably enfeoffed with shares from Cerkwica; at least the small number of hooves in favor of the von Woedtke family suggests this. Presumably it was the von Knessen family .
In the 18th century, Peter Ernst von Woedtke owned the estate. In 1743 he sold it together with two associated farms to Major Georg Laurenz von Kameke . However, this had to resign in favor of Eggert von Woedtkes because of a right of first refusal. At the end of the 18th century, the estate went bankrupt. Lieutenant Colonel Richard von Münchow acquired it for 19,900 thalers and sold it soon afterwards to George Julius Felix von der Osten , District Administrator of the Ostenschen Kreis. His son Friedrich Christoph August, royal Prussian lieutenant in the Dragoon Regiment von Brüsewitz and married to Johanne Charlotte Dorothea von Zitzewitz , lived in the estate in 1801. Subsequently, the ownership changed several times through exchange, purchase or marriage before the property came to the Prussian officer Wilhelm Heinrich von Sydow in 1891 , who married Sophie Philippine von der Osten, daughter of August von der Osten on Zirkwitz. In the 19th century the manor district had an area of 559 hectares. Since 1818, Zirkwitz had been part of the Greifenberg district .
Even during the First World War , the Weimar Republic and the Second World War , the estate remained in the hands of the von Sydow family, who in the meantime built two more farms, Bauske and Libau , and acquired the nearby Peterfitz estate and managed it from Zirkwitz. During the Second World War, the owner, Fritz von Sydow, was initially able to stay on the estate, as, according to the ideology of the time, the family had already paid enough 'blood toll' in the First World War and was essential for the administration. At a conference with other large landowners, however, he took a stand against the regime's entanglements and said in a speech: "I'm not ready to exchange my white vest for a brown one." Fritz von Sydow escaped persecution by the police and SA by fleeing to Greifenberg on his horse and being transferred to the front with the help of friends. Political persecution was not so severe there. Fritz von Sydow fell near Berlin shortly before the end of the war. The last owners in 1947 were Heinrich, Albrecht and Friedrich von Sydow, who inherited the estate after their father's death; At that time 511 inhabitants lived in the manor and farming village.
At the end of the Second World War, the village and estate district of Zirkwitz were conquered by the Red Army and - like all of Western Pomerania - placed under Polish administration. After fleeing and returning after the end of the Second World War, the old Brandenburg-Pomeranian family Sydow was expropriated and expelled in 1947 with other German local residents .
The Polish army was stationed on the property of the Sydow family. Subsequently, from 1949 on, the headquarters of the PGR was located on the estate . In 1969 the company became a member of a national breeding center. Today the former mansion belongs to a private agricultural company.
Demographics
| year | population | Remarks |
|---|---|---|
| 1822 | 230 | with the leasehold farms Johannshof and Heidehof |
| 1867 | 266 | on December 3rd, 72 of them in the village and 194 in the manor district |
| 1871 | 271 | on December 1st, 64 of them in the village and 207 in the manor district, all Protestants |
| 1933 | 497 | |
| 1939 | 511 | |
| 2004 | 1261 |
Parish
The population present until 1946 was Protestant and attended the local parish church, which belonged to the Treptow Synod. The villages of Gedde , Groß- and Klein-Moitzow , Küssin , Muddelmow , Neu-Zapplin , Parpart , Tressin and Zitzmar were included . In 1909 the entire parish had parishioners in 1909. The last German clergyman was Pastor Erwin Rutzen.
Attractions
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- Church of the Sacred Heart of Jesus, built in Gothic style at the beginning of the 15th century, the wooden tower later. The church is on a hill above the village.
- Ottobrunnen with Otto monument at the foot of the church hill, built in 1920. The bishop and missionary Otto von Bamberg and the baptism of Pomerania in 1124 are commemorated here. He is said to have drawn water from the well for the first Christian baptisms in the area.
- Community cemetery by the church with a memorial. (Former monuments and graves of the former German population were no longer to be found in 2014. On the outside wall of the church there is a memorial plaque from 2001, which is supposed to commemorate the dead in the place up to 1945.)
- Two-story neo-classical mansion from the late 19th century (with park). It was rebuilt in 1906 by the von Sydow family. The building has a rectangular plan with a portico with Doric columns. The historic interior has a ballroom and fireplace. In the vicinity of the building, some farm buildings and the manor park with an area of 19 hectares have been preserved. It has an extensive old tree population, including linden, beech, oak, mulberry trees, cherries, plums and red chestnuts.
- In the village there are remains of historic farm buildings from the 19th century.
church
The village church of Cerkwica was built as a stately high-altitude brick building in the late Middle Ages (after 1400) on a rectangular floor plan. The tower substructure, which is considerably younger than the nave, carries a quarter-shaped wooden tower with a twelve-sided steep helmet. It is already the third church building that was built on the same site. In the course of its history, the church has been rebuilt and renovated several times. The tower was stabilized in 1778 by supporting it, strengthening the wooden structure and hanging the bells lower. At the end of the 19th century, the walls were strengthened with support pillars and iron anchors. In 1927 the tower caught fire from a lightning strike. Below the church there were graves of residents, pastors and the von Woedtke family in a burial space that was later filled in . The church was originally richly endowed. Among other things, an altar and the pulpit are preserved. The two-storey altar consists of a column-supported baroque structure with carvings by Martin Edleber and paintings by Christian Basche, which decorated the altar from 1678 to 1681. In the predella the Lord's Supper is depicted, in the middle part the crucified with Mary and John, flanked by two hovering angels who catch the blood of Jesus. In the background Jerusalem in oil on wood. The entablature carries Moses and Aaron standing.
The pulpit dates from 1681. On the roof edge of the pulpit there are polychrome coats of arms of the founder families von Woedtke and von Manteuffel . The stair wall and the pulpit are decorated with allegorical motifs from the church life of the donors Steffen von Woedtke auf Woedtke and Zirkwitz and his wife Dorothea Lucia von Manteuffel or with the name Daniel Wendland (pastor in Cerkwica; † 1685). There are carved figures of Matthew, Mark, Luke and David in the panels. Another figure seems to have been lost. In addition, there is a wooden baptism, obviously no longer in the original historical version. Originally the baroque version is a hexagon with a carved base. The former carved foliage has been removed, the crowned lid with the Christ Child carrying a globe has obviously been replaced by a quarter-shaped lid, crowned by two figures of saints. Parts of the gallery date from 1712. The coats of arms of the donor families - including the Sydow, Strombeck and Heydebreck - were painted over.
According to Wutstrack , a so-called cow or Köhr court was held in the Zirkwitz church after the Sunday service by the pastor and church leaders if there were disputes over an animal that had died in a herd of cattle.
gallery
Otto monument and plaque on the church in Cerkwica
Memorial plaque for those who died before 1945
Otto von Bamberg Hain
Otto Fountain
Plaque at the Otto monument
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Personalities: sons and daughters of the place
- Heinrich Eggard von Woedtke (1733–1806), Prussian lawyer, last captain of Lauenburg and Bütow
- Karl Otto von der Osten (1800–1872), German lawyer, member of the Volkshaus of the Erfurt Union Parliament
- Julius Anton von Poseck (1816–1896), German preacher and church planter of the Brethren movement
literature
- Ludwig Wilhelm Brüggemann : Detailed description of the current state of the Königl. Prussian Duchy of Vor and Hinter Pomerania . Stettin 1784, p. 460, no. 102 ( online ).
- Heinrich Berghaus : Land book of the Duchy of Pomerania and the Principality of Rügen . Part II, Volume 6: Kreise Kamin and Greifenberg , Anklam 1870, pp. 1007-1010 ( online ).
- Rolf Straubel : Biographical manual of the Prussian administrative and judicial officials 1740–1806 / 15 . In: Historical Commission to Berlin (Ed.): Individual publications . 85. KG Saur Verlag, Munich 2009, ISBN 978-3-598-23229-9 .
- The history association : Contributions to the Greifenberg-Treptower history. Volume 29, 2006.
- Albert Ulrich : Chronicle of the Greifenberg district in Western Pomerania. Self-published in 1990.
- Manfred Vollack : Upper Pomerania in color: from the Baltic Sea to the Grenzmark. 1986.
- Friedrich Lorentz : Pomorze zachodnie. 1964.
- Hugo Lemcke : The architectural and art monuments of the administrative district of Stettin, booklet XI district Greifenberg. Szczecin, 1914.
- Leopold von Zedlitz-Neukirch : The state forces of the Prussian monarchy under Friedrich Wilhelm III. Volume 2, Berlin 1828.
Web links
Individual evidence
- ^ Reinhold Trautmann : The Slavic place names of Mecklenburg and Holstein. 1950.
- ↑ Treatises of the Royal Prussian Academy of Sciences. Publishing house of the Royal Academy of Sciences, 1950.
- ^ Stanisław Kozierowski : Atlas nazw geograficznych Słowiańszczyzny Zachodniej . Poznań, 1934. mapywig.org ( Memento of July 14, 2014 in the Internet Archive ) (PDF).
- ^ Pomeranian document book : 1336-1340. Böhlau, 1958.
- ^ Publications of the Historical Commission for Pomerania: Sources for Pomeranian History. Böhlau, 1961.
- ^ A b c Friedrich von Restorff : Topographical description of the province of Pomerania with a statistical overview . Berlin and Stettin 1827, p. 176, no. 34 ( online ).
- ↑ a b Royal Statistical Bureau: The communities and manor districts of the Prussian state and their population . Part III: Pommern Province , Berlin 1874, pp. 72-73, no. 86 ( online ), and pp. 74-75, no. 140 ( online ).
- ^ A b Michael Rademacher: German administrative history from the unification of the empire in 1871 to the reunification in 1990. Province of Pomerania - district of Greifenberg. (Online material for the dissertation, Osnabrück 2006).
- ↑ Plan rozwoju Lokalnego gminy Karnice na lata 2005–2013.
- ^ Albrecht Ulrich : Chronicle of the district of Greifenberg in Hinterpommern. Self-published in 1990.
- ^ Christian Friedrich Wutstrack : Brief historical-geographical-statistical description of the royal Prussian duchy of Vor and Hinter-Pomerania . Stettin 1793, p. 566 ( online )