Połczyn-Zdrój

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Połczyn-Zdrój
Coat of arms of Połczyn-Zdrój
Połczyn-Zdrój (Poland)
Połczyn-Zdrój
Połczyn-Zdrój
Basic data
State : Poland
Voivodeship : West Pomerania
Powiat : Świdwin
Area : 7.21  km²
Geographic location : 53 ° 46 '  N , 16 ° 6'  E Coordinates: 53 ° 46 '0 "  N , 16 ° 6' 0"  E
Residents : 8073
(Jun. 30, 2019)
Postal code : 78-320
Telephone code : (+48) 94
License plate : ZSD
Economy and Transport
Street : Ext. 163 Kołobrzeg ↔ Wałcz
Ext. 172 Połczyn-Zdrój ↔ Szczecinek
Ext. 173 Połczyn-Zdrój ↔ Drawsko Pomorskie
Rail route : PKP lines 421 (Połczyn-Zdrój– Świdwin ) and 430 ( Grzmiąca - Kostrzyn )
Next international airport : Szczecin-Goleniów
Gmina
Gminatype: Urban and rural municipality
Gmina structure: 77 localities
23 school authorities
Surface: 343.71 km²
Residents: 15,194
(Jun. 30, 2019)
Population density : 44 inhabitants / km²
Community number  ( GUS ): 3216033
Administration (as of 2011)
Mayor : Barbara Nowak
Address: pl. Wolności 3-4
78-320 Połczyn-Zdrój
Website : www.polczyn-zdroj.pl



panoramic view
Spa gardens
The castle in Połczyn-Zdrój
St. Mary's Church in Połczyn-Zdrój

Połczyn-Zdrój [ 'pɔwtʃɨn zdruj ] ( German Bad Polzin ) is a small town with about 8,600 inhabitants in the powiat Świdwiński ( Schivelbein district ) of the Polish West Pomeranian Voivodeship and is the seat of the town and country municipality of the same name . The city is a state-approved health resort.

Geographical location

The city is located in Hinterpommern , in Pomeranian Switzerland on the northern slope of the Pomeranian ridge in a lowland through which the Wuggerbach and Taubenbach flow, about 134 kilometers northeast of Szczecin .

Połczyn-Zdrój is connected to the Choszczno (Arnswalde) - Koszalin (Köslin) railway line . The closest neighboring cities are Świdwin (Schivelbein), 24 kilometers away, in the west , and Białogard (Belgard an der Persante), 30 kilometers away in the north . The distance to Koszalin (Köslin) in the north is 57 kilometers.

City of Połczyn-Zdrój ( Bad Polzin )

history

In the 13th century there was already a Wendish settlement in the area of ​​the later Polzin . Benedictine monks settled in its neighborhood at the end of the century , founded a German settlement, and around 1290 the Knights Templar probably built a castle there. At the beginning of the 14th century, the von Zozenow and von Glasenapp families became owners of the place, and Hasso von Wedell acquired the castle in 1320. In 1337 Hasso von Wedel-Polzin was named as a co-owner. The dukes of Pomerania-Wolgast granted Polzin the town charter in 1335 . In 1374 Gerd von Manteuffel took possession of the city. He had a fortification wall built around the city and had the Wardiner and Jagertower Gate built. In the conflict between Pomerania, Poland and the German Order of Knights, Polish mercenaries occupy the Polziner Castle in 1466 . They could only be driven out by Pomeranian Duke Erich II after fierce fighting. There is hardly any news about Polzin from the 16th and 17th centuries. There is only evidence that there was a church in 1418, which is mentioned in 1591 with the name Marienkirche .

Bad Polzin owes its status of a spa to the discovery of a blacksmith in 1688. A blacksmith who had advised a friend who suffered from an ocular infection to relieve his ailment with the milky-cloudy water of a spring that he had discovered near the river Wugger , to treat. After the spring water actually brought relief and the Polziner pastor Joachim Engelke had made this public, the healing spring was visited by many sufferers. Soon they didn't just come from the local area, especially since it turned out that the water also helped with varicose veins. Since Polzin was also situated in a scenic location in the so-called Pomeranian Switzerland, tourism flourished in the 18th century. Even the Prussian Queen Luise was one of the spa guests. The Marien and Victoriabad baths opened in 1854, the Johanniter Hospital opened a year later , and Polzin has also been a mud bath since 1857.

With the commercialization of the spa business in the 18th century, the city became more of a public interest. The mineral springs became the dominant economic factor and tourism increased steadily , with the exception of the war years 1914–1918 . This development was also promoted by the connection to the railway lines to Schivelbein in 1897 and to Bärwalde in 1906. The population rose from 4,500 in 1875 to 6,900 in the last German census in 1939 . In 1938, 127,082 spa guests were counted in Bad Polzin. With the beginning of the Second World War in 1939, however, the city had to stop operating the spa.

On May 1, 1938, the Pomeranian mother and child home of the Nazi race organization Lebensborn was opened in Bad Polzin . The Polzin city administration gave Hitler the Kurhaus Luisenbad , where the home was located until the end of February 1945.

Until 1945 Bad Polzin belonged to the Belgard district in the Köslin administrative district of the Pomerania province of the German Empire .

Towards the end of the Second World War , on Monday, March 5, 1945, Red Army soldiers occupied Bad Polzin. Like all of Western Pomerania , the city was placed under Polish administration by the Soviet Union after the end of the war . The immigration of Polish civilians from areas east of the Curzon Line began . Bad Polzin was renamed Połczyn-Zdrój . Where German citizens had not fled, they were in the period that followed sold .

  • Around 1900

economy

In Połczyn-Zdrój, the Fuhrmann SA brewery produces various types of beer under the Połczyńskie brand (loosely translated as 'Polziner'). The company refers to the tradition since 1825.

Population development

year Residents Remarks
1740 1,386
1782 1,414 including 37 Jews
1794 1,593 including 33 Jews
1812 1,794 including four Catholics and 65 Jews
1816 2.129 including four Catholics and 106 Jews
1831 2,429 including five Catholics and 164 Jews
1843 2,994 including nine Catholics and 248 Jews
1852 3,442 including five Catholics and 185 Jews
1861 4.034 including 13 Catholics and 215 Jews
1875 4,475
1880 4,724
1890 4,632 including twenty Catholics and 164 Jews
1925 5,945 including 5,687 Evangelicals, 59 Catholics and 111 Jews
1933 6,431
1939 6,923

coat of arms

Blazon : "Split in silver, a red bar in front, three vines with blue grapes on a green three-hill at the back."

The bar is the coat of arms of those von Manteuffel , who had rights here as early as the 14th century, the vine testifies to the viticulture in this northern area. The seals known since the 16th century all show the same picture.

Heraldic representations of different epochs

  • Coat of arms Połczyn-Zdrój I.JPG
  • Coat of arms Połczyn-Zdrój II.JPG
  • Coat of arms Połczyn-Zdrój III.JPG
  • Coat of arms Połczyn-Zdrój IV.JPG
  • Coat of arms Połczyn-Zdrój V.JPG

Town twinning

sons and daughters of the town

Gmina Połczyn-Zdrój

General

The urban and rural community Połczyn-Zdrój has around 15,000 inhabitants on an area of ​​343.71 km².

Community structure

In addition to the main town of the same name, the community is divided into the following 22 school authorities:

These school authorities include numerous localities:

literature

  • Gustav Kratz : The cities of the province of Pomerania - outline of their history, mostly according to documents . Berlin 1865, pp. 308-310 ( online ).
  • Werner Reinhold : Chronicles of the cities of Belgard, Polzin and Schivelbein and the villages belonging to the districts . Schivelbein 1862, 224 pages.
  • Our Pommerland , vol. 13, no . 7: Polzin .
  • Heinrich Berghaus : Land book of the Duchy of Pomerania and the Principality of Rügen . Part III, Volume 1, Anklam 1867, pp. 690–704 ( online )
  • Christian Friedrich Wutstrack : Addendum to the brief historical-geographical-statistical description of the royal Prussian duchy of Western and Western Pomerania . Stettin 1795, pp. 221–222 ( online )

Web links

Commons : Połczyn-Zdrój  - album with pictures, videos and audio files
Wikisource: Polzin in the Topographia Electoratus Brandenburgici et Ducatus Pomeraniae (Matthäus Merian)  - sources and full texts

See also

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b population. Size and Structure by Territorial Division. As of June 30, 2019. Główny Urząd Statystyczny (GUS) (PDF files; 0.99 MiB), accessed December 24, 2019 .
  2. ^ The homes of "Lebensborn" ( Memento from July 20, 2011 in the Internet Archive )
  3. ^ Dennis Krumwiede: Der Lebensborn - Lebenshilfe as race politics .
  4. ^ A b c d e f g h i Gustav Kratz : The cities of the province of Pomerania - outline of their history, mostly according to documents . Berlin 1865, p. 310
  5. ↑ a b c d e Michael Rademacher: German administrative history from the unification of the empire in 1871 to the reunification in 1990. belgard.html # ew39belgepolzin. (Online material for the dissertation, Osnabrück 2006).
  6. ↑ Gunthard Stübs and Pomeranian Research Association: The city of Polzin, Bad, in the former Belgard district in Pomerania (2011)
  7. ^ German town book - Handbook of urban history by Prof. Dr. Erich Keyser , published in 1939 by W. Kohlhammer Verlag Stuttgart Volume I Northeast Germany Page 214
  8. ^ German local coats of arms by Prof. Otto Hupp , published in 1925 by Kaffee-Handels-Aktiengesellschaft Bremen