Choszczno

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Choszczno
Choszczno coat of arms
Choszczno (Poland)
Choszczno
Choszczno
Basic data
State : Poland
Voivodeship : West Pomerania
Powiat : Choszczno
Area : 10.00  km²
Geographic location : 53 ° 10 '  N , 15 ° 24'  E Coordinates: 53 ° 10 '0 "  N , 15 ° 24' 0"  E
Height : 51 m npm
Residents : 15,213
(Jun. 30, 2019)
Postal code : 73-200 to 73-201
Telephone code : (+48) 95
License plate : ZCH
Economy and Transport
Street : DK 151 Świdwin ↔ Gorzów Wielkopolski
DK 160 Suchań ↔ Miedzichowo
DK 175 Drawsko Pomorskie ↔ Choszczno
Rail route : Stargard – Krzyż Wielkopolski
Next international airport : Szczecin-Goleniów
Gmina
Gminatype: Urban and rural municipality
Gmina structure: 45 villages
18 school offices
Surface: 246.00 km²
Residents: 21,691
(Jun. 30, 2019)
Population density : 88 inhabitants / km²
Community number  ( GUS ): 3202023
Administration (as of 2014)
Mayor : Robert Adamczyk
Address:
ul.Wolności 24 73-200 Choszczno
Website : www.choszczno.pl



Choszczno [ 'xɔʃʧnɔ ] ( German Arnswalde , formerly also Arenswalde ) is a town and seat of an urban and rural municipality in the Polish West Pomeranian Voivodeship with about 16,000 inhabitants. It is also the county seat of the Choszczeński Powiat .

geography

Geographical location

The city is located in the Neumark between the Stüdnitz River and the Klückensee (Jezioro Klukom), which belongs to the Arnswald Lake District, about 30 kilometers southeast of Stargard and 62 kilometers southeast of Stettin .

Riverside panorama of the city on Klückensee ( Jezioro Klukom )

City structure

The districts are: Baczyn ( Voßberg ), Zdrojowiec ( Springwerder ), Pakość ( Marienberg ), Roztocze ( Kähnsfelde ), Rudniki ( Karlsaue ), Wysokie ( Hohenbruch ), Oraczewice ( Helmersruh ), Stawin ( Friederikenfelde ) and Skrzypiec ( Blumenwerder ).

history

Arnswalde northwest of the city of Poznan and west of the city of Schneidemühl on a map of the province of Poznan from 1905 (areas marked in yellow indicate areas with a predominantly Polish- speaking population at the time ).
Gothic town church St. Marien (Protestant until 1945)
City view with city wall and St. Marien
Medieval city wall
Arnswalde market square around 1900

In 1893, a Germanic body grave field from the late Roman Empire was discovered and excavated by chance during construction work in Neumark in the former Arnswalde district in the province of Brandenburg . The small burial ground with a few richly furnished body graves of a Germanic elite is connected by historical research with the tribe of the Rugians on the Baltic coast.

Since about 1255 Arnswalde was in the possession of Brandenburg . The first documented mention of Arnswalde as a city (oppidum Arnswaldensis) comes from the year 1269. Arnswalde has the red Brandenburg eagle in its coat of arms. On April 1, 1269, a treaty was signed in Arnswalde between the Ascanians and the Duke of Pomerania, Mestwin II . The granting of town charter is not entirely certain , most likely that it was granted in 1284. The city charter was granted according to Magdeburg law .

In 1291 the Margraves of Brandenburg granted visitors to Arnswalde protection. In 1364 the city had a castle. In 1402 Arnswalde came under the rule of the Teutonic Order . In 1414 Henning von Wedel tried to conquer the place, but failed. In 1419 Polish knights invaded Arnswalde, and the place was largely destroyed. In 1433 Arnswalde became a fiefdom of Poland, but four years later it was again under the rule of the order. Large parts of the city were burned down in 1511. In 1549 the plague reduced the population. Arnswalde was also badly damaged during the Thirty Years' War . In 1649 Arnswalde became part of the Berlin - Königsberg postal route .

In 1719 a garrison for Prussian troops was built in Arnswalde . In 1806 the Prussian King Friedrich Wilhelm III visited. the town. On January 12, 1807, the French General Victor was captured here, who was later exchanged for the captured Blücher .

With the reorganization of the Prussian administration after the Congress of Vienna (1815), the Arnswalde district was formed in the Frankfurt administrative district. The town's first school was opened in 1828, and the town hall was rebuilt 51 years later. The district administration came to the city of Arnswalde in 1846. In 1848 Arnswalde was connected to the Stargard - Posen railway line . In 1905 the city received its first hospital. There was already a synagogue in Arnswalde before 1859 .

In 1938 the district became part of the Grenzmark Posen-West Prussia administrative district and thus became part of Pomerania . The population of Arnswalde increased from 6,800 inhabitants in 1875 to 14,000 inhabitants in 1939.

The beginning of the Second World War hardly affected the place at first. Soon, however, a larger camp for prisoners of war was set up here, under the name Oflag II B. In 1945 Arnswalde was conquered by the Red Army after a siege , with houses or 85% of the city being destroyed in 1845. The city was then placed under Polish administration. The immigration of Polish migrants began, some of whom came from areas east of the Curzon Line . The local (German) civilian population was evicted by the local Polish administrative authority .

In 1959 the city's first apartment block was built. In 1974 a telephone switchboard went into service.

Demographics

Number of inhabitants up to the end of the Second World War
year population Remarks
1719 1500
1750 1910
1801 2440 including six Jewish families with 66 individuals
1840 4395
1850 5450 in 1853: eleven Catholics, 89 Jews
1859 5520 including 16 Catholics and 160 Jews
1864 6516
1867 6280 on December 3rd
1871 6524 on December 1st, including 6,275 Evangelicals, 42 Catholics, six other Christians, 201 Jews
1875 6853
1880 7358
1890 7507 including 97 Catholics and 191 Jews
1900 8665 mostly evangelicals
1910 9455 on December 1st
1925 10,910 including 10,450 Protestants, 300 Catholics, eleven other Christians, 97 Jews
1933 11,786 including 11,268 Protestants, 303 Catholics, three other Christians, 121 Jews
1939 12,725 including 11,943 Protestants, 465 Catholics, 99 other Christians, twelve Jews

Attractions

  • the brick-Gothic parish church of St. Marien from the 14th century
  • Remains of the city wall from the 14th / 15th centuries century
  • the train station from the middle of the 19th century
  • the gasworks from the 19th century

traffic

In the city several cross provincial roads , the national road 10 to Stargard (37 km), however, is 17 kilometers away. The distance to Szczecin is 75 kilometers. A railway line leads to Stargard , the railway line to Mirosławiec (Märkisch Friedland) is no longer in operation.

Twin cities

sons and daughters of the town

Gmina Choszczno

Community structure

In addition to the main town of the same name, the urban and rural community of Choszczno is divided into the following places with school authorities:

Gleźno (Hohenwalde) , Kołki (Rohrbeck) , Koplin (Kopplinsthal) , Korytowo (Kürtow) , Piasecznik (Petznick) , Radaczewo (Reichenbach) , Raduń (Radun) , Rzecko (Rietzig) , Sławęcin (Schlagenthin) , Smoleń (Karlsburg) , Smoleń (Karlsburg) Stary Klukom (Alt Klücken) , Stradzewo (Stolzenfelde) , Sulino (Ebenau) , Suliszewo (Zühlsdorf) , Wardyń (Wardin) , Witoszyn (Neu Schulzendorf) , Zamęcin (Sammenthin) , Zwierzyn (Schwerinsfeld) .

Other places and settlements are: Bonin • Chełpa • Golcza • Nowe Żeńsko • Oraczewice • Pakość • Radlice (Schulzendorf) • Rudniki • Rzeczki; Krzowiec • Łaszewo • Stawin; Baczyn • Brzostno • Czernice • Gostyczyn • Kleszczewo • Płoki • Przywodzie • Roztocze • Skrzypiec • Sulechówek • Sułowo • Szczepanka • Wysokie • Zwierzynek; Gładysz, Czyżewka and Rudnisko.

Personalities

See also

literature

  • W. Riehl and J. Scheu (eds.): Berlin and the Mark Brandenburg with the Margraviate Nieder-Lausitz in their history and in their present existence . Berlin 1861, pp. 440-442.
  • Heinrich Berghaus : Land book of the Mark Brandenburg and the Margraviate Nieder-Lausitz in the middle of the 19th century . Volume 3, Brandenburg 1864, pp. 486-491.

Web links

Commons : Choszczno  - album with pictures, videos and audio files
Wikisource: Arnswalde in the Topographia Electoratus Brandenburgici et Ducatus Pomeraniae (Matthäus Merian)  - sources and full texts

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b population. Size and Structure by Territorial Division. As of June 30, 2019. Główny Urząd Statystyczny (GUS) (PDF files; 0.99 MiB), accessed December 24, 2019 .
  2. ↑ See Hans Jürgen Eggers :  Arnswalde. In: Reallexikon der Germanischen Altertumskunde (RGA). 2nd Edition. Volume 1, Walter de Gruyter, Berlin / New York 1973, ISBN 3-11-004489-7 , p. 433. ( payable via GAO , De Gruyter Online)
  3. ↑ See Hermann Reichert :  Rougion. In: Reallexikon der Germanischen Altertumskunde (RGA). 2nd Edition. Volume 25, Walter de Gruyter, Berlin / New York 2003, ISBN 3-11-017733-1 , pp. 387-388. ( available for a fee via GAO , De Gruyter Online)
  4. ↑ a b c d W. Riehl and J. Scheu (eds.): Berlin and the Mark Brandenburg with the Margraviate of Nieder-Lausitz in their history and in their current existence . Berlin 1861, pp. 440-442.
  5. ^ A b c Heinrich Berghaus : Land book of the Mark Brandenburg and the Margrave of Lower Lusatia in the middle of the 19th century . Volume 3, Brandenburg 1864, pp. 486-491.
  6. ^ Heinrich Gottfried Philipp Gengler : Regesta and documents on the constitutional and legal history of German cities in the Middle Ages , Erlangen 1863, pp. 52–53 .
  7. ↑ a b Meyer's Large Conversation Lexicon . 6th edition, Volume 1, Leipzig / Vienna 1905, p. 866 ( Zeno.org ).
  8. ^ Gotthold Rhode: The Eastern Territories of the German Empire . Holzner-Verlag, Würzburg 1956. p. 303.
  9. ^ Friedrich Wilhelm August Bratring : Description of the entire Mark Brandenburg . Volume 3: Die Neumark Brandenburg , Berlin 1809, p. 196 ( booksgoogle.de ).
  10. ↑ Topographical-statistical overview of the government district of Frankfurt ad O. Gustav Harnecker's bookstore, Frankfurt a. O. 1844, p. 3, no. 1 ( books.google.de ).
  11. ↑ Topographical-statistical manual of the government district of Frankfurt a. O. Verlag von Gustav Harnecker u. Co., 1867, p. 3, no. 1 ( books.google.de ).
  12. ↑ a b Royal Statistical Bureau: The communities and manor districts of the Prussian state and their population . Part II: Province of Brandenburg , Berlin 1873, pp. 132-133, no. 1 ( books.google.de ).
  13. ↑ a b c d e f M. Rademacher: German administrative history from the unification of the empire in 1871 to the reunification in 1990. (Online material for the dissertation, Osnabrück 2006)
  14. ↑ www.gemeindeververzeichnis.de .