Białogarda
| Białogarda | |||
|---|---|---|---|
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| Basic data | |||
| State : | Poland | ||
| Voivodeship : | Pomerania | ||
| Powiat : | Lębork | ||
| Gmina : | Wicko | ||
| Geographic location : | 54 ° 39 ' N , 17 ° 39' E | ||
| Residents : | 235 (March 31, 2011) | ||
| Postal code : | 84-352 | ||
| Telephone code : | (+48) 59 | ||
| License plate : | GLE | ||
| Economy and Transport | |||
| Street : | Ext. 214 : Lębork - Łeba | ||
| Rail route : |
PKP line 229: Lębork – Łeba , train station: Lędziechowo |
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| Next international airport : | Danzig | ||
Białogarda ( German Belgard an der Leba , Kashubian: Biôłogarda ) is a village in the Polish Pomeranian Voivodeship . It belongs to the rural community of Wicko ( Vietzig ) in the powiat Lęborski .
Geographical location
The village is located in Western Pomerania above the valley of the Łeba ( Leba ) on the voivodship road 214 between the cities of Lębork ( Lauenburg ) and Łeba ( Leba ). The district town can be reached in 15 kilometers, and the Baltic Sea is just as far.
The village is located on a hill, past which a stream flows in the north, which flows into the Łeba southwest of the village.
history
The farming village of Belgard an der Leba is considered to be the oldest village in the former Lauenburg district . The addition to the Leba was added to the German place name in order to avoid confusion with the town of Belgard an der Persante, also located in Western Pomerania . Around 1209 this was the center of the noble Pomeranian castellany Belgard on the Leba, which was often used to furnish princes and princesses. After the death of Sobiesław I († 1178), Duke Sambor I gave his younger brother Mestwin I († 1220) the "land on the Leba with Belgard Castle". After Mestwin I's death, Belgard fell to Ratibor († 1275), who was the youngest of four sons of Mestwin I and who called himself Prince of Pomerania and Duke of Belgard. However, the Duchy of Belgard only existed for a short period of time; After Ratibor died childless, it was confiscated by Mestwin II . The East Pomeranian nobility met under Count Swenzo in Belgard in 1287. When the Wendish Prince Pribeko of Mecklenburg married Duke Mestwin's II. Only legitimate daughter Katharina in 1291 , he was given the Belgard castellan as a dowry.
Even today, remains in the south and east of the castle hill remind of the castle, which was burned in 1238 by Ratibor's brother, Duke Swantopolk II the Great, in order to appropriate the rule of Belgard himself. He held Racibórz prisoner for a while. After his release he fled to the area of the order and entered the Teutonic Knight Order , which gave the latter a right to Ratibor's territory. During the time of knights, the landscape with the Belgard castellan was called Lewinburg (Lauenburg). In 1275 a Marienkirche is mentioned for Belgard.
In 1325 the knight Henning Behr is said to have sat at Belgard Castle on the Leba. There is evidence that a church is mentioned in 1354. Belgard later belonged to the royal office of Lauenburg. Before 1784 in the royal village of Belgard there was a free school, six farmers, an inn whose landlord was a suitor , a Kossaten , a Büdner , a lumberjack, a Lutheran school built in 1782, and one belonging to the Roman Catholic provost of Lauenburg Ackerhof (a so-called plebanism), outside the village a water mill and a total of 14 households. In the village's Roman Catholic Church, services were held once every six weeks.
In 1925 there were 37 residential buildings in Belgard, and 322 residents were counted among 62 households. In 1939 there were 331 inhabitants in Belgard.
Before 1945 Belgard belonged to the district of Lauenburg i. Pom. , District of Köslin , the province of Pomerania , The area of the municipality was 6.2 km². There were a total of four places of residence in the municipality of Belgard:
- Belgard
- Wooden box
- Obermühle
- Vosskaten
Towards the end of the Second World War , Belgard was occupied by the Soviet Army in early March 1945 . Soon afterwards Poles arrived in the village and occupied the houses and farms. Belgard was renamed Białogarda . The villagers were from the poles sold .
Today the village is part of the rural community ( gmina wiejska ) Wicko.
Belgard registry office
Belgard was an independent registry office district for the communities of Belgard, Gans (Gęś), Krampe (Krępa Kaszubska) and Landechow (Lędziechowo).
Demographics
| year | Residents | Remarks |
|---|---|---|
| 1885 | 291 | |
| 1925 | 332 | including 277 Evangelicals, 16 Catholics and 29 others |
| 1933 | 342 | |
| 1939 | 331 |
church
Evangelical parish
Until 1893 Belgard belonged to the parish of Garzigar (Garczegorze). Then there was a church reorganization in this area of the parish of Lauenburg: Eight parishes from the three surrounding parishes are parish and united in an independent parish of Belgard-Labehn. In this parish, a parish of its own is established with the official seat in Labehn (Łebien), where a parish vicar was appointed as early as 1890.
The newly formed parish included the following places: Belgard, Gans, Klein Massow, Koppenow, Krampe, Labehn, Landechow and Zdrewen. It was in the ecclesiastical province of Pomerania of the Evangelical Church of the Old Prussian Union .
In 1940, 3200 parishioners belonged to the total parish, more than half of whom lived in the Belgard district.
Today Białogarda is in the parish of the Kreuzkirchengemeinde in Słupsk ( Stolp ), ( Diocese of Pomerania-Greater Poland ) of the Polish Evangelical-Augsburg Church . Lębork is the church village for Protestant residents today.
Evangelical pastor
- Karl August Friedrich Benkendorf, 1893–1897 (as parish vicar since 1890)
- Paul Ernst Kohnke, 1898–1923
- Willy Haack, 1923-1932
- Hans Schulz, 1932–1939
- Paul Radzuweit, 1939–1945
Church building
The first mentions of church buildings in Belgard are the mention of a St. Mary's Church in 1275 and a document from 1354. In 1717 a new building was built, but it was closed in 1837 due to structural damage and had to be demolished in 1845 by order of the building authorities.
The new church was built in 1890 through donations and personal work of the parishioners and was named John the Baptist . The bell tower with bells and an apse was not inaugurated until 1902.
After the Second World War, Belgard was placed under Polish administration, and Poles and Ukrainians began to immigrate from areas east of the Curzon Line , which was accompanied by the expulsion of Belgard's German residents. The Polish Catholic Church appropriated the church building. Also as a Catholic church, the Białogarda church bears the name of John the Baptist (Kościół św. Jana Chrzciciela).
traffic
The railway line Lębork – Łeba passes in the eastern part of the municipality, the nearest railway station is Lędziechowo ( Landechow ), two kilometers away .
literature
- Johannes Hinz: Pomerania. Signpost through an unforgettable country. Wuerzburg 1996.
- Hans Moderow , Ernst Müller: The evangelical clergy of Pomerania from the Reformation to the present. 4 parts. Greifswald 1956–1972.
- F. Lorentz: The history of the Kashubians. Berlin 1926.
- Bruno Schumacher : History of East and West Prussia , Würzburg 1958.
Web links
- The municipality of Belgard in the former Lauenburg i. Pom. (Gunthard Stübs and Pomeranian Research Association, 2011)
Individual evidence
- ^ CIS 2011: Ludność w miejscowościach statystycznych według ekonomicznych grup wieku (Polish), March 31, 2011, accessed on June 26, 2017
- ↑ Reinhold Cramer: History of the Lande Lauenburg and Bütow . Volume 1, Königsberg 1858, p. 24 ff .
- ↑ Friedrich Lisch : Documents and research on the history of the Behr family . Volume I, Schwerin 1861, p. 104, see also the footnote .
- ↑ Ludwig Wilhelm Brüggemann (ed.): Detailed description of the current state of the Royal Prussian Duchy of Western and Western Pomerania . Part II, Volume 2, Stettin 1784, p. 1048, No. 19 (1) .
- ↑ a b c The municipality of Belgard in the former Lauenburg i. Pom. (Gunthard Stübs and Pomeranian Research Association, 2011)
- ^ A b c Michael Rademacher: German administrative history from the unification of the empire in 1871 to the reunification in 1990. Lauenburg district in Pomerania. (Online material for the dissertation, Osnabrück 2006).
- ↑ Willi Gillmann: Even the day laborers donated. The construction of the church of John the Baptist in Belgard, Lauenburg district. In: The Pommersche Zeitung. No. 41/2008, p. 8.