Behr (noble family)

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Family coat of arms of those of Behr

The von Behr family is a Lower Saxon and Pomeranian nobility . As early as 1105–1167, Hermann von Behr was identified as canon and later archdeacon in Halberstadt .

history

The sex itself traces its ancestry back to the noble free Hugold (1148–1162), who was a brother of Bishop Hermann von Verden and Vogt of Hermannsburg. However, according to the current state of research, this is questionable and the connection to the following families cannot be documented. Presumably, Bishop Hermann von Verden and his brother Hugold were noble lords of Ampfurth. (see weblink)

Behr family lines 1861

At the end of the 12th century, Eberhard Bere appeared in the entourage of Henry the Lion and his sons. All four tribes of the families named Bere and Ursus (document Latin), as well as the black bear in the coat of arms, trace their origin to this Eberhard .

The oldest recorded tribe of the Osnabrück Bere (later called Baer and Bar ) from 1204 was followed by the Pommern-Gützkower tribe in 1224, the Pommern-Rügen tribe in 1231 and the Lower Saxony-Lüneburg tribe in 1259.

The von Behr family spread to Pomerania-Rügen and Pommern-Gützkow as early as the 13th century, where they became influential landowners with extensive estates. The Rügen Behr were so named because their possessions were initially in the area of ​​the mainland part of the Principality of Rügen. This tribe was also incorrectly referred to as Mecklenburg because large parts of their possessions extended from Western Pomerania to Mecklenburg. In the 18th century, the family took the name of Behr-Negendank. The Gützkower Behrs called themselves so because their possessions were in what was then the county of Gützkow, later the Greifswald district.

Lueneburg tribe

Since the middle of the 13th century, the von Behrs have belonged to the Lüneburg nobility, from 1470 until today on the Stellichte estate . From this tribe Dietrich von Behr went to Courland in 1550 . There the Behrs built, among other things, the Popen Manor in 1653 (today Pope in the Ventspils district , Latvia).

  • Stellichte , Lower Saxony (owned by the family since 1470)

  • Popen, Courland

Osnabrück tribe

→ See main article: Bar (noble family)

Tribe of Pomerania-Gützkow
Loan letter from Gützkow / Pomeranian Behrs 1275
Descendence of the Gützkower von Behr 17th to 19th century

For the tribe of Pomerania-Gützkow, the oldest surviving loan letter from the Behrs was issued on September 28, 1275 by Duke Barnim I and his son Bogislaw IV , without names of properties being listed in the document.

Only the loan letter of 1491 for Harnid (1), Harnid (2), Heinrich and Gerhard von Behr sat zu Müssow, Vargatz and Schlagtow names all possessions of the family in total. These are in detail: Müssow , Vargatz , Schlagtow , Busdorf (later called Behrenhoff ), Negentin , Kiesow , Stresow, Schmoldow , Bandelin , Dargezin, Strellin , Gnatzkow (later called Karlsburg ), Schlatkow , Sanz and Karzin (?).

The originals of the loan letters (Güter und Bede) were in the old Bandeliner lock, they burned in 1928 with the lock and the entire inventory. All that remained was copies and modern photographs, as well as the old translations.

In 1277 Heinrich von Behr and his son Henning acquired large estates in the East Pomeranian rule of Bütow , both of whom were marshals of the Pomeranian dukes at the time. But they lost these possessions around 1326 and then turned to Mecklenburg, where their family died out around 1580. But this line belonged to the Gützkow / Pomerania tribe.

Felix von Behr-Bandelin auf Bandelin received the title of baron from the king in Stralsund on June 8, 1865, but this was only limited to his person. In 1877 the Behrenhoffer and in 1878 the Bandeliners from Behr received the title of Count, the old Friedrich von Behr auf Vargatz and Schmoldow rejected the increase in status, which was valid for the whole family. Therefore the different coat of arms variants in the district building of the district Greifswald, where the coat of arms friezes of the district council members (24 lords and 3 cities) were attached. A double coat of arms of the Behrenhoffer and Bandeliner counts was dispensed with because Carl (Charly) von Behr-Behrenhoff, as district administrator, was not a direct member of the district council.

When Count von Behr died in 1933, his nephew inherited the estate, but in his will his widow Mechtild received Countess von Behr, nee. von Heyden, the lifelong right of use for Behrenhoff. It was she who made Behrenhoff Castle available to the Confessing Church (opponent of Hitler's state church) and the later murdered Dietrich Bonhoeffer for readings and training of theologians in 1936/37 . She aroused the attention and displeasure of the Nazi state and was taken into "protective custody" in 1940.

Pomerania-Rügen tribe

Representatives of this family were hereditary chefs from Pomeranian Duke Bogislaw XIII. of the Principality of Rügen and the State of Barth. Since this family also had larger estates in Mecklenburg, including Behren-Lübchin and Dölitz near Gnoien , they are incorrectly referred to as the Mecklenburg family line.

The Behr-Negendank family, richly wealthy in the Pomerania - Mecklenburg border area, emerged from the Rügen / Pomerania tribe with the headquarters of Schloss Semlow , which they acquired before 1398 . In the 18th century, Karl August von Behr adopted the combined name of Behr- Negendank . In 1861 Ulrich von Behr-Negendank received the Prussian title of Count from the House of Semlow . Plennin , Kavelsdorf and Katzenow belonged to Semlow . Passow belonged to the Negendank legacy.

In 1862, a branch was granted Russian recognition for the use of the baron title. A family association that was established in the 19th century and re-established in 1953 unites the tribes of the counts , barons and lords of Behr and Behr-Negendank.

coat of arms

The von Behr family has four family coats of arms .

  • The Rügen / Pomeranian shows a striding black bear with a gold collar in silver. On the helmet with black and silver blankets the bear.
  • The Gützkow / Pommersche shows an upright black bear in silver. On the helmet with black and silver covers, two averted silver swan necks.
  • The Lower Saxon and Courland shows a striding black bear in silver. On the helmet with black and silver covers the bear in front of a natural peacock frond of seven, the stems banded with red peacock feathers.
  • The younger coat of arms of the Osnabrück von Baer, whose relationship to the von Behr treated here is not certain, shows in silver a black bear with a gold collar climbing on an oblique black and silver chess. On the helmet with the black and silver covers a bundle of black notched sticks.

  • 1 = Rügen, 2 = Gützkow, 3 = Hanover + Kurland, 4 = Osnabrück

  • Coat of arms of those von Behr, Rügen-Pomerania tribe

  • Coat of arms of the von Behr family, Gützkow-Pomerania tribe

  • Coat of arms of those von Behr, Lower Saxony and Kurland tribe

  • Coat of arms of those of Behr-Negendank

  • Coat of arms of the von Behr Vargatz / Schmoldow in the Greifswald district building

  • Coat of arms of the Counts of Behr on Bandelin u. Behrenhof in Greifswald district building

  • Portrait of a noble lady at the age of 27, 1593 (coat of arms tribe Rügen-Pomerania)

The von Behr-Negendank have a four-part coat of arms: one and four is the striding bear of the Rügen / Pomeranian tribe, two and three are divided by a left silver tip of gold and red († 1767 Negendank ).

Painting of the church in Behrenhoff (2nd half of the 13th century) with the swan neck coat of arms of the Behr

In addition, the Behr in the landscapes of Lüneburg, Gützkow, Stargard and Rügen also carried completely different coats of arms, including with swan necks in the shield, or with two rising tips and roses in them.

  • Seal of Lippold von Behr, 1283

  • Seal of Ulrich and Harnid von Behr, 1283

Relatives

Tribe Gützkow

Tribe of Rügen

Tribe Lüneburg

  • Burchard Christian von Behr (1714–1771), Higher Appeal Judge, Minister of the Electorate of Braunschweig-Lüneburg and curator of the Georg-August University of Göttingen
  • Ottmar von Behr (1810–1856), German-American farmer and sheep breeder, meteorologist and naturalist
  • Heinrich Baron von Behr (1902–1983), Kurland line, major general in the Wehrmacht and later in the Bundeswehr

Family burial and memorial sites

  • Equestrian statue of Count Samuel von Behr († 1621), Mecklenburg Chancellor, in the Doberan Minster

  • Coronation altar of Mary , donated by the Behr family around 1440, originally in Dorow , from 1606 in Deyelsdorf , from 1870 in Semlow , since 1972 in the St. Marien Church (Stralsund)

  • Burial place of those from the Behr tribe Pommern-Gützkow in Behrenhoff

  • Mausoleum of those of the Behr tribe Pommern-Gützkow in Bandelin

  • Behr grave slab from 1698 in the village church of Basse , Rügen / Pomeranian tribe with bears as helmet decorations

  • Cord von Behr 1653–1659 monastery captain in Dobbertin , grave slab around 1660 at the monastery captain's house

  • Full coat of arms of Behr in a hexagonal field in the grave slab around 1660

Web links

Commons : Behr (noble family)  - collection of images, videos and audio files

literature

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b Friedrich Lisch : Documents and research on the history of the Behr family , volumes I to IV, Schwerin 1861 to 1863, volume 1, p. 34 ( online )
  2. ^ History of the manor Stellichte
  3. ^ Dietrich von Behr
  4. ↑ Friedrich Lisch : Documents and research on the history of the Behr family , Volumes I to IV, Schwerin 1861 to 1863.
  5. ^ PUB 1018. In: Rodgero Prümers (Hrsg.): Pommersches Urkundenbuch . Vol. 2, 1st division, 1254-1278, Stettin 1881, p. 312.
  6. ^ A b Heinrich Berghaus : Land book of the Duchy of Pomerania and the Principality of Rügen . IV. Part II. Volume: Greifswalder Kreis . Anklam 1868, p. 46 ( Google Books ).
  7. ^ Hubertus Neuschäffer: Western Pomerania's castles and mansions. Husum Druck- und Verlagsgesellschaft 1993, p. 31, ISBN 3-88042-636-8
  8. ↑ Friedrich Lisch : Documents and research on the history of the Behr family , Volumes I to IV, Schwerin 1861 to 1863.
  9. ↑ Friedrich Lisch : Documents and research on the history of the Behr family , volumes I to IV, Schwerin 1861 to 1863, volume 1, p. 4, table 1
  10. ↑ Documents and research on the history of the Behr family , volume 1, seal tables I – XI
  11. ^ Carl Julius Milde , Mecklenburgisches Urkundenbuch vol. 4, 1867, panel 30 of the Mecklenburg seals from the 12th and 13th centuries .
  12. ↑ Christine Magin, Jürgen Herold, Marion Grether: The inscriptions on the tombstones in the Dobbertin monastery. In: Dobbertin Monastery, History - Building - Life. 2012 pp. 170–171.