Schmoldow
Schmoldow is a district of the Bandelin community in the Vorpommern-Greifswald district .
geography
Schmoldow is located 2 km west of Bandelin directly on the federal motorway 20 and can only be reached in 4 km via its Gützkow junction. The village has a dead-end municipal road as an access from the motorway overpass at Bandelin. The driveway is an old avenue up to the castle. Schmoldow lies on a plateau 29 meters above sea level , which slopes slightly towards the border ditch. The airfield is located on this area.
history
The place goes back to a Slavic settlement. The place was first mentioned in 1343 as Smoldow . Smoldouw was written in the feudal letter for the von Behr family in 1491 . While the spelling Smoldow was still used in the Swedish land survey of 1694 , the name was already written in 1632 "Schmoldow". The place name is rooted in the Slavic Smol , which means resin or pitch .
A tower hill castle comes from early German times , which is extraordinarily well preserved, but hardly noticed, cared for and without any references. During excavations on June 17, 1956, the foundations of this facility were still found. Only the discovery of various fragments from the Wendish period in the ground that lay under the clay layer of the tower hill made this excavation valuable in itself. Thus it could be established that the early German tower hill was laid out on an old Wendish settlement. Shards and two arrowheads were also found from early German times.
On the tower hill there are three split stones approx. 80 to 100 cm high with initials of the von Behr family, they are from modern times. So far it is not clear what purpose these stones had there. There are similar stones in Vargatz , there are four in the park, they also belonged to the von Behr family .
In the 17th century Schmoldow consisted of a Dutch farm, two semi-farms and a sheep farm. The owner was Wulff's Rudolf Behr. District Administrator Gert Behr, who lives in Bandelin, made demands. They were confirmed by Duke Bogislaw XIV in 1633. Schmoldow was temporarily pledged, around 1694 to Corswandt , a citizen of Greifswald, and Rittmeister von Schwerin also had pawns in possession.
In 1819, Hans Ludwig Heinrich von Behr bought the Pinnow estate on Schmoldow and Vargatz with the Johannishof and Immenstedt properties. Since 1837 the royal Prussian chamberlain and Knight of the Order of St. John, Friedrich Karl Gustav Felix von Behr , owned Schmoldow, who ran the estate from his residence in Vargatz . Between 1864 and 1867 he had a manor house built in the neo-Renaissance style in Schmoldow , which became his new residence.
While Schmoldow had only 36 inhabitants in 1767, there were 92 in 1865. There were buildings in 1865: 5 residential and 11 farm buildings.
In May 1867, Friedrich von Behr received first prize at the world exhibition in Paris for the model of the workers' house in Schmoldow. There were three houses in total, one of which is still preserved in the original. In each house - half-timbered on a field stone base - there were four apartments for the day laborers or farm workers . A similar facility was planned as in Bandelin with a school and school office, but that was not implemented, even the western building was soon demolished. For this purpose, more modern buildings were built west of the new palace, where the inspector and the hunter of the estate lived, and the sheep farm was also set up there.
Information on the management of the property can be found at Vargatz because both goods were processed together. The main emphasis was placed on stock breeding in the sheep farm . The sale of the rams, which were popular for breeding everywhere, made good profits. Friedrich von Behr was also chairman of the Baltic Central Beekeeping Association from 1872, which united beekeeping associations from what is now Western Pomerania (and from 1876 to 1878 also beekeeping associations from Mecklenburg).
After the death of Friedrich von Behr in 1892, the estate was divided, Schmoldow inherited the daughter Anna Julie Mathilde Helene Carola Charlotta (* 1865 - † 1896), who had been with the Premier Lieutenant in the 2nd Brandenburg Dragoons Regiment No. 12 in Gnesen , future general staff officer and later general of the cavalry Friedrich von Rauch (* 1855, † 1935) was married. Her sister, who was married to General von Nolte, received Vargatz. Anna and Friedrich von Rauch lived in the newly built manor house in Schmoldow. The heiress of Anna von Rauch, b. von Behr, was their eldest daughter Elisabeth von Rauch, who married Kurt von Storch (* 1890, † 1965) in 1916 . He managed the estate himself until 1945 and after the war was still active as an agricultural advisor for the Soviet district command in Greifswald. When he was supposed to clear the castle for refugees and displaced persons in 1946, he and his family left the Soviet occupation zone . In 1945 Elisabeth von Storch, b. expropriated by Rauch without compensation. The land was divided among new farmers who merged to form LPG Type I in 1959 . In 1965 it was merged with Bandelin in Type I. In 1975/76, it was converted into Type III, divided into LPG (T) Dargezin and LPG (P) Gützkow.
The sheep pasture, a very spacious, level place, was confiscated for military purposes during the Second World War in 1943 and developed as an alternative airfield for Tutow . After the war, when gliding started again, a training airfield of the Society for Sport and Technology was set up here. It is still an important place for gliding in the region.
The manor house was inhabited until 1978, when it was vacated. In 1980 the demolition of the dilapidated building was prepared, but not carried out due to objections from the monument preservation authority. Since then the building has not been used and is in ruins. More and more building parts collapse. It's an example of the natural decay of an abandoned building. The surrounding landscape park is overgrown.
On December 31, 2014 Schmoldow had 41 residents with a main residence and 1 with a secondary residence.
On December 31, 2015 Schmoldow had 43 residents with a main residence and 1 with a secondary residence.
Attractions
- Tower hill castle in Schmoldow, one of the best preserved tower mounds in Western Pomerania, specialty: three memorial stones belonging to the Behr family
- Schmoldow Airfield
Turmhügelburg Schmoldow - Wall, ditch, hill
Central tower hill of Schmoldow
Memorial stone of the v. Behr on the Schmoldow Tower
Airfield festival in Schmoldow
Schmoldow Airfield - View of the buildings
literature
- Heinrich Berghaus : Land book of the Duchy of Pomerania and the Principality of Rügen. IV. Part Volume II, Anklam 1868, p. 61 f ( Google Books ).
- Werner Wöller: Villages of the community association Gützkow. typed, 1983
- Manfred Niemeyer: East Western Pomerania. Collection of sources and literature on place names. Vol. 2: Mainland. (= Greifswald contributions to toponymy. Vol. 2), Ernst Moritz Arndt University Greifswald, Institute for Slavic Studies, Greifswald 2001, ISBN 3-86006-149-6 , pages 77, 120
Individual evidence
- ^ A b Manfred Niemeyer: Ostvorpommern . Collection of sources and literature on place names. Vol. 2: Mainland. (= Greifswald contributions to toponymy. Vol. 2), Ernst-Moritz-Arndt University of Greifswald, Institute for Slavic Studies, Greifswald 2001, ISBN 3-86006-149-6 . P. 119 ff
- ^ Heinrich Berghaus : Land book of the Duchy of Pomerania and the Principality of Rügen . IV. Part II. Volume: Greifswalder Kreis . Anklam 1868, p. 36 ( Google Books ), p. 61 ff ( Google Books ).
- ↑ Marcelle and Fritz von Behr: Documents and research on the history of the Behr family, Gützkower line (Die Schwanenhälsigen). Volume VII, Part I and II, Bremen 1989. Document number: 2485
- ^ Züssow office, residents of the Züssow administrative area, as of December 31, 2014
- ^ Züssow Office, residents of the Züssow administrative area, as of December 31, 2015
Web links
Coordinates: 53 ° 58 ' N , 13 ° 21' E