Farm workers
As a farm worker workers are in agriculture referred to not have its own agricultural land and have their labor to wage provide.
Farm workers in different regions
While the importance of this class in Western Europe and North America has been declining since the middle of the 20th century, it encompasses large parts of the population in East Asia and Latin America and increasingly harbors social fuel. In South America , the transition between farm workers and smallholders is fluid and, due to the growing indebtedness of the latter, has led to the emergence of countless landless movements since around 1980 (e.g. the MST in Brazil).
Throughout the 20th century and to this day, Mexican Americans have played a significant role in California's agriculture. In the United States , the United Farm Workers union , led by César Chávez, succeeded in organizing large numbers of farm workers in the 1960s .
In Spain , many African migrants , often without a legal residence permit, are employed in agriculture. In February 2000 , racist riots against Moroccan workers broke out in the Andalusian city of El Ejido .
“ In 1991, Germany introduced the status of seasonal worker in agriculture, forestry and the hotel sector. To this end, bilateral agreements have been concluded with Poland, Romania, Hungary, Slovakia, the Czech Republic, Croatia, Slovenia and Bulgaria. The employment contracts are limited to three months. "
bibliography
General
- Bernd Kölling: Family Economy and Class Formation. Agricultural workers in a labor dispute: Pomerania in the east of the Elbe and Lomellina in northern Italy, 1901–1921. SH-Verlag, Vierow near Greifswald 1996, hardcover edition.
Germany
- Franz Rehbein: The Life of a Farm Worker. Christians, Hamburg 1985 (Unchanged reprint of the 1911 edition edited by Paul Göhre in Diederichs Verlag)
- Michael Pollak: A text in its context: Max Weber's analysis of the living situation of East Prussian farm workers. In: Austrian Journal for Sociology . 2005, Volume 30, Issue, 1 pp. 3–21.
- Max Weber: The situation of agricultural workers in East Elbe Germany (1892), Mohr (Paul Siebeck), Tübingen, 1984; ISBN 3-16-544862-0 (very detailed for the 19th century by provinces)
- René Wiese: Farm workers in Mecklenburg in the 19th century, in: Yearbook for Research on the History of the Labor Movement , Volume II / 2003.
Spain
- Hartwig Berger, Manfred Heßler, Barbara Kaveman: "Bread for today, hunger for tomorrow": farm workers in southern Spain; a social report. Suhrkamp, Frankfurt am Main 1978.
- Silvia DiNatale: The Andalusian farm workers. History, lifeworld and strategies for action. Leske and Budrich, Opladen 1994.
United States
- Camille Guerin-Gonzales: Mexican Workers and American Dreams: Immigration, Repatriation, and Californian Farm Labor, 1900-1939. Rutger UP, 1994, ISBN 0-8135-2048-7 .
- Philip L. Martin: Promise Unfulfilled: Unions, Immigration, and the Farm Workers Cornell UP, 2003, ISBN 0-8014-8875-3 (ILR Press Books, paperback).
- Patrick H. Mooney: Farmers 'and Farm Workers' Movements: Social Protest in American Agriculture. Twayne, 1994, ISBN 0-8057-3870-3 .
- Rick Nahmias: The Migrant Project: Contemporary California Farm Workers. University of New Mexico Press, 2008, ISBN 0-8263-4407-0 , paperback, photo book with a foreword by Dolores Huerta .
- Emiel W. Owens: Peacocks of the Fields: The Working Lives of Migrant Farms Workers. Authorhouse, 2008, ISBN 1-4259-9766-X , paperback edition.
swell
- ^ A b Nicholas Bell on the situation of migrants in European agriculture http://www.labournet.de/diskussion/wipo/migration/bell.html
See also
- Agricultural history
- Peasant movement
- Forest workers , rural exodus , Chamber of Agriculture
- Movimentos , New Social Movements
