Unichowo
| Unichowo | |||
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| Basic data | |||
| State : | Poland | ||
| Voivodeship : | Pomerania | ||
| Powiat : | Bytów | ||
| Gmina : | Czarna Dąbrówka | ||
| Geographic location : | 54 ° 17 ' N , 17 ° 27' E | ||
| Residents : | 334 (March 31, 2011) | ||
| Telephone code : | (+48) 59 | ||
| License plate : | GBY | ||
| Economy and Transport | |||
| Street : | Ext. 210 : Ustka - Słupsk → Unichowo | ||
| Ext. 212 : ( Lębork -) Osowo Lęborskie - Czarna Dąbrówka ↔ Bytów - Chojnice - Kamionka | |||
| Rail route : | no rail connection | ||
| Next international airport : | Danzig | ||
Unichowo (German Wundichow , Kashubian Ùnichòwò or Wùnszéwé ) is a village in the Polish Pomeranian Voivodeship and belongs to the municipality of Czarna Dąbrówka ( Schwarz Damerkow ) in the Bytów ( Bütow ) district.
Geographical location and transport links
Unichowo is located in Western Pomerania , on the Baltic ridge , in a graceful landscape with beech forests, lakes, hills and meadow valleys in the northeast of the Stolpetal Landscape Protection Park (Park Krajobrazowy Dolina Słupi). The Stolpe (Słupia) itself flows six kilometers south of the village.
Unichow is conveniently located on the Polish Voivodship Road 212 - formerly known as Lauenburger Chaussee , which forms a section of the former German Reichsstraße 158 ( Berlin - Lauenburg in Pomerania ). Voivodship road 210 , which comes from the Baltic Sea - formerly called Stolper Chaussee - flows into Unichowo . It is 34 kilometers to the former district metropolis of Słupsk ( Stolp ) and 13 kilometers to the current district town of Bytów .
Unichowo has no rail connection. Until 1945, the seven-kilometers away, was Budow (Polish: Budowo) terminus of the coming of Stolp Stolpe Valley Railway . After 1945 the district town of Bytów was still connected to the Lębork – Bytów ( Lauenburg – Bütow ) and Lipusz – Korzybie ( Lippusch – Zollbrück ) railway lines and enabled a railway connection that was 13 kilometers away. Today only the line between Lipusz and Bytów remains .
history
Other forms of name occur: Wunszewe (1376), Wunechow (1601), Wundichow (until 1945).
According to the historical form of the village, Wundichow was a small alley village . In a document from 1376, Jasbow Pirch was enfeoffed with Wundichow, Klein Nossin (now Polish: Nożynko) and Gaffert (Jawory). Wundichow remained in the possession of the von Pirch family for almost 500 years .
Around 1784 there was a Vorwerk in Wundichow , four farmers, two half-farmers , three Kossäts , a smithy, a schoolmaster, on the field of the village the Vorwerk Kartke (or Cartchen) with a total of 13 fireplaces.
In the 19th century, Wundichow became the seat of the von der Marwitz family when Adalbert von der Marwitz on Klein Nossin bought Wundichow from the Pirch family in 1856 and moved his residence to Wundichow. After his death in 1904, Victor von der Marwitz took over the estate and was its last owner until 1945.
The municipality of Wundichow had no associated districts before 1945 and comprised a municipality area of 1074 hectares. In 1910 the parish and manor had a total of 338 inhabitants. The number changed to 1933 on 301 and was in 1939 the 310th Wundichow was until 1945 in the southeast of the county Stolp on the border with County Bütow in the administrative district of Koszalin the Prussian province of Pomerania . The last German mayor was Arthur Henke .
Two days before the Red Army marched in on March 9, 1945 , Wundichow had been ordered to evacuate and flee towards Danzig . The trek, however, was overrun by Soviet troops who forced the villagers to return. In the meantime, Wundichow had been occupied by other Russian troops. In the course of 1945 the village was placed under Polish administration together with the whole of Western Pomerania . Subsequently, the local population was based on the so-called Bierut Decrees sold . Only five villagers remained, three of whom soon died. The village of Wundichow was given the Polish name Unichowo . Today the village is part of Gmina Czarna Dąbrówka in the powiat Bytowski in the Pomeranian Voivodeship (1975 to 1998 Stolp Voivodeship ). In 2011 there were 334 residents here.
At the end of the war, a Russian commandant's office with regional responsibility was set up at the Wundichow estate, including for processing the milk to be delivered here. German women had to milk the cows kept and guarded centrally in Klein Nossin under the supervision of Soviet soldiers. Since the dairy in Wundichow was no longer in operation until the end of the war, the milk was processed with manually operated centrifuges that had been gathered from private households in the region. At the commandant's office there was also a Soviet doctor who, among other things, had to strictly ensure that raped and pregnant German women gave birth to children.
Development of the population
- 1852: 367
- 1910: 338
- 1933: 301
- 1939: 310
- 2011: 334
church
Until 1945 the population of Wundichow was almost without exception Protestant denomination. The place was in the parish of Budow (today Polish: Budowo) in the church district of Bütow (Bytów) in the church province of Pomerania of the Church of the Old Prussian Union . The patronage of the church was incumbent on the manor family and was last assumed by Victor von der Marwitz . The last German clergyman was Pastor Walter Bielenstein .
Since 1945 the population of Unichowo has been predominantly Catholic . The village is now incorporated into the parish Groß Nossin (Nożyno) in the deanery Łupawa ( Lupow ) in the diocese of Pelplin of the Catholic Church in Poland . Evangelical church members now belong to the Kreuzkirche parish in Słupsk ( Stolp ) in the diocese of Pomerania-Greater Poland of the Evangelical-Augsburg Church in Poland .
school
In the one-tier elementary school in Wundichow in 1932, a teacher taught 55 schoolchildren.
personality
- Georg von der Marwitz , Prussian cavalry general, died on October 27, 1929 in Wundichow
literature
- Karl-Heinz Pagel : The district of Stolp in Pomerania . Lübeck 1989, pp. 1034-1038. ( Download location description Wundichow ) (PDF; 1.1 MB)
- vd Marwitz: Wundichow. In: Karl Bottke (Hrsg.): Heimatbuch des Landkreis Stolp. Reprinted in: Stolper Heimatblatt. 1960, pp. 80-82.
Web links
Footnotes
- ^ CIS 2011: Ludność w miejscowościach statystycznych według ekonomicznych grup wieku (Polish), March 31, 2011, accessed on June 26, 2017
- ↑ Ludwig Wilhelm Brüggemann : Detailed description of the current state of the Royal Prussian Duchy of Western and Western Pomerania . Part 2, Volume 2, Stettin 1784, p. 1019, No. 161.
- ↑ Heino Kebschull: Homeland trips to the Stolp district from 1976 to 2008 to Klein and Groß Nossin. Self-published, 2011, DNB 1013185730 , p. 92.
- ^ Kraatz (Ed.): Topographical-statistical manual of the Prussian state . Berlin 1856, p. 696.
Districts ( Schulzenämter ): Bochowo (Bochow) | Czarna Dąbrówka (Black Damerkow) | Jasień (Jassen) | Jerzkowice (Jerskewitz) | Kartkowo (Kartkow) | Karwno (Karwen) | Kleszczyniec (Kleschinz) | Kłosy (dumplings) | Kotuszewo ( Kutusow , 1938–45 Priemfelde ) | Kozy (Kose) | Mikorowo (Mickrow) | Mydlita (Buchwalde) | Nożynko (Little Nossin) | Nożyno (Great Nossin) | Otnoga ( Wottnogge , 1937–45 Mühlental ) | Rokiciny (Neurakitt) | Rokitki (Little Rakitt) | Rokity (Great Rakitt) | Unichowo (Wundichow) | Wargowo (Vargow)
Other localities: Będzieszyn (Vorwerk Brandstätt) | Bochówko ( Bochowke , 1937–45 Hohenlinde ) | Brzezinka (Bresinke) | Cole | Czarnolesie (Forstkaten) | Dąbie ( Dambee , 1937–45 oaks ) | Dąbrowa Leśna | Dęby | Drążkowo (Neuhof) | Flisów (Flow Yard) | Gliśnica (Gliesnitz) | Jaszewo (Jassewo) | Kostroga (Helenenhof) | Kozin (Kosemühl) | Lipieniec ( Libienz , 1937–45 Liebgen ) | Łupawsko ( Lupowske , 1937–45 Grünenwalde ) | Nowe Karwno (New Karwen) | Obrowo (wobbrow) | Osowskie ( Wussowske , 1937–45 Waldliebe ) | Owsianka (country farm) | Podkomorki | Podkomorzyce ( Niemietzke , 1937–45 Puttkamerhof ) | Połupino (Karlsfelde) | Przybin (Sophienhof) | Przylaski (glassworks) | Rokicki Dwór (Neuhof) | Rudka (Neuhütte) | Sieromino (Zeromin) | Skotawsko ( Schottofske , 1938–45 Schottow ) | Soszyce (Augustfelde) | Święchowo (Friedrichsfelde) | Wargówko (New Vargow) | Zawiaty ( Saviat , 1937–45 view of the lake )