Karwno

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Karwno
Karwno does not have a coat of arms
Karwno (Poland)
Karwno
Karwno
Basic data
State : Poland
Voivodeship : Pomerania
Powiat : Bytów
Gmina : Czarna Dąbrówka
Geographic location : 54 ° 24 '  N , 17 ° 31'  E Coordinates: 54 ° 23 '37 "  N , 17 ° 31' 23"  E
Residents : 302 (March 31, 2011)
Telephone code : (+48) 59
License plate : GBY
Economy and Transport
Street : Podkomorzyce / ext. 211 → Karwno
Rail route : no rail connection
Next international airport : Danzig



Karwno [ ˈkarvnɔ ] (German Karwen , Kashubian Karwno ) is a village in the Polish Pomeranian Voivodeship and belongs to the rural community of Czarna Dąbrówka ( Schwarz Damerkow ) in the powiat Bytowski ( Bütow district ).

Geographical location and transport links

Karwno is located in Western Pomerania , about 40 kilometers southeast of the former district town of Słupsk ( Stolp ) and 32 kilometers north of the current district metropolis of Bytów ( Bütow ) in a hilly landscape and is surrounded by fields, forests and lakes. The local area with the small and the Jezioro Karwieńskie Dużo ( Small and Large Lake ) extends in the southwest to the Łupawa ( Lupow ).

A narrow country road connects the village with Voivodship Road 211 near Podkomorzyce ( Niemietzke ). Until 1945 there was a rail connection via the Schwarz Damerkow station, six kilometers away, on the Lauenburg – Bütow (Lębork – Bytów) railway line, which was closed and largely dismantled after the war .

Place name

The German place name Karwen (formerly Carwen ) occurred again in East and West Prussia .

history

According to the historical form of the village, Karwno is an angle-line village . In 1523 Jürgen pirchen tho karuen is named as the owner. One part of the estate consisted of two knights' seats, four farmers and two kossas and was an old stalking fief. The other part with the Vorwerk Neuhof (today in Polish: Drążkowo), the smithy and the Heidekrug came to Hans von Wobeser . Kaspar Friedrich von Massow succeeded in reuniting both parts in one hand.

Around 1784 Karwen had two farms, eight farmers, four cottages, a schoolmaster, a water mill on the Lupow, the Neuhof farm (today Drążkowo in Polish ), the Neu Karwen (Nowe Karwno) colony , the forge and two cottages - with a total of 44 fireplaces (Households).

In the following years the owners of Karwen changed very often. Around the middle of the 19th century the estate was owned by the Gerhardt family . The last owner was Werner Gast from 1938 to 1945 . At the time, the manor had an operating area of ​​507 hectares, of which 461 hectares were arable land alone.

In 1910 Karwen had 578 inhabitants. Their number was 562 in 1933 and fell to 532 by 1939. Before 1945, the municipality of Karwen included the four villages of Augustfelde (Soszyce), Fließhof (Flisów) I and II and Neu Karwen (Nowe Karwno). At that time it was in the district of Stolp in the administrative district of Köslin in the Prussian province of Pomerania .

Towards the end of the Second World War , the majority of the villagers fled on March 8, 1945 from the approaching Soviet troops in a trek. The trek moved via Neu Karwen (Nowe Karwno), Eichenfelde (Grzężnik), Groß Massow (Maszewo Lęborskie), Lauenburg in Pomerania (Lębork) and Goddentow (Godętowo) to Lanz (Łęczyce), where it fell into the hands of the Red Army soldiers. The villagers had to return, only a few managed to escape by ship. Karwen itself was occupied by Soviet troops on March 9, 1945. Then the place was placed under Polish administration together with the whole of Western Pomerania. In August 1946, the Red Army withdrew, while at the same time Poles invaded the village, occupied it and took over the houses and farms. Karwen was renamed Karwno . On August 30, 1946, on the basis of the so-called Bierut decrees , around 100 villagers were expelled in a large-scale operation , the rest in 1947.

Later, 317 villagers in the Federal Republic of Germany and 154 in the GDR were identified from Karwen.

Today the place belongs to Gmina Czarna Dąbrówka , in the powiat Bytowski in the Pomeranian Voivodeship (1975 to 1998 Slupsk Voivodeship ) was assigned. About 300 residents are now registered here.

Population numbers

  • 1820: approx. 175, excluding residents of the Vorwerk and mill
  • 1852: 556
  • 1910: 578
  • 1933: 562
  • 1939: 532
  • 2010: 270

church

Until 1945, the predominantly Protestant Karwen belonged to the parish Mickrow (today in Polish: Mikorowo) in the church district of Stolp-Altstadt in the eastern district of the church province of Pomerania of the Church of the Old Prussian Union .

Church (2012)

Since 1945 the population of Karwno has been predominantly Catholic . A church was rebuilt in the village named after the Mother of God of Perpetual Help (Kościół Matki Boskiej Nieustającej Pomocy). It is a branch church in the parish Czarna Dąbrówka ( Schwarz Damerkow ) in the deanery Łupawa ( Lupow ) in the diocese of Pelplin of the Catholic Church in Poland . Evangelical church members living here belong to the Kreuzkirche parish in Słupsk in the diocese of Pomerania-Greater Poland of the Evangelical-Augsburg Church in Poland .

school

There was already a schoolmaster in Karwen around 1784. In the three-tier elementary school in 1932, two teachers taught 101 schoolchildren in three classes.

The later glassmaker and master glassworker Germanus Theiß (1867–1945) attended the Karwen elementary school until 1881 .

Karwen glassworks

Karwen had a glassworks from 1845 to 1887 . It was located directly on the Lupow east of the Niemietzker mill. The owners of the glassworks were the owners of the Karwen estate, but they always leased them to specialists. The first tenant was Scheffler & Cohn , the second was Denke & Piwonke . There were two ovens in operation that consumed around 3600 cubic meters of wood annually.

First beer bottles were produced, but then also, because of the quality of the sand, plate glass and hollow glass on the Lupow. Next to the glassworks there was a hollow glass grinding shop, whose products also found brilliant sales.

Seven glassblowers (without smelters, workers , etc.) from Bohemia worked in the Karwener glassworks . They were mostly Catholics and lived in the village in a certain seclusion. Their children attended school in Karwen, and a clergyman from Gowidlino in West Prussia held holy masses in the glassworks.

For economic reasons, operations could no longer be maintained in 1887. The Karwener Glashütte and the subsidiary in Kosemühl (Kozin) had to be closed.

literature

  • Karl-Heinz Pagel : The district of Stolp in Pomerania. Evidence of his German past . Lübeck 1989, pp. 592–597 ( Karwen location description ; PDF; 1.1 MB)
  • Hans Glaeser-Swantow: The Evangelical Pomerania . Part 2, Stettin 1940.
  • Kurt Knorr: Disappeared glass industry in the Stolp district . In: Ostpommersche Heimat . 1932, no.22.

Web links

Commons : Karwen  - Collection of Images

Footnotes

  1. ^ CIS 2011: Ludność w miejscowościach statystycznych według ekonomicznych grup wieku (Polish), March 31, 2011, accessed on June 26, 2017
  2. Ludwig Wilhelm Brüggemann : Detailed description of the current state of the Royal Prussian Duchy of Western and Western Pomerania . Part II, Volume 2, Stettin 1784, pp. 948-949, No. 16.
  3. ^ Ernst Heinrich Kneschke , Ed .: New general nobility lexicon . Volume 3, Leipzig 1861, pp. 488-489.
  4. ^ Karl-Heinz Pagel : The district of Stolp in Pomerania. Evidence of his German past . Lübeck 1989, pp. 596–597 (Online, PDF; 1.1 MB)
  5. Alexander August Mützell, Ed .: New topographical-statistical-geographical dictionary of the Prussian state . Volume 2, Halle 1821, p. 309, No. 1277-1279 .
  6. ^ Kraatz, Ed .: Topographisch-Statistisches Handbuch des Prussisches Staats . Berlin 1856, p. 281.