Marwitz (noble family)

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Coat of arms of the von der Marwitz

Marwitz is the name of one of the oldest noble families in Brandenburg . The gentlemen von der Marwitz belong to the nobility of New Marks . Branches of the family still exist today.

history

origin

The family was first mentioned in a document in 1259 with Theodoricus de Marwytz . According to Kneschke , on May 30, 1298, Zabellus et Henningius de Marwitz appear as witnesses in a letter of foundation of the cathedral in Soldin from the Ascan Albrecht of Brandenburg . The eponymous headquarters of Marwitz in the Neumark (today Marwice in Poland ) is located near Landsberg an der Warthe and has been owned by the family since 1289 and remained with them until 1747. In 1336, Henning von der Marwitz was enfeoffed with shares in Sellin . The Sellin estate remained in the family until 1765.

Spread and lines

Conrad von der Marwitz testified in 1403, after the later Emperor Sigismund the Neumark pledged to the Teutonic Order and his Grand Master Konrad von Jungingen , that the whole Neumark had paid homage to the Teutonic Order . It is very likely that Alexander (also Zander ) von Marwitz belonged to the family. He was governor of Neumark for the order and in 1420 confirmed their fiefdom to those of Sydow over Fürstenfelde . Otto von der Marwitz was one of the signatories of the Soldin Treaty in 1466 . Elector Friedrich II of Brandenburg confirmed the village of Sellin to his third daughter's personal treasure , which remained in the family's possession for over 300 years.

In the 15th and 16th centuries, the family belonged to the "castle-sat" families. At the beginning of the 16th century, Peter von der Marwitz lived on Grünrade (today Grzymiradz), Bärfelde (today Smolnica) and Sellin. He accepted the Protestant faith and had his own Lutheran house chaplain as early as 1529 . He was the progenitor of the lines to Friedersdorf, Sellin, Bärfelde and Leine / Pommern . Leine was acquired by his son Moritz, whose descendants were still there 200 years later. The line to Marwitz, founded by Wulf Joachim Asmus von der Marwitz on Marwitz and Grabow, later expired.

Friedrich August Ludwig von der Marwitz (1777–1837) in Friedersdorf, lieutenant general and state marshal

The Friedersdorf house was founded by Georg von der Marwitz († 1678), lord of Dölzig and colonel from Kurbrandenburg . His son Hans Georg († 1704), lord of Groß- and Klein-Rietz, Friedersdorf, Kienitz, Birkholz and Rassmannsdorf, became a princely-ruined privy councilor , chamber president and court marshal . He commissioned the construction of Groß Rietz Castle (1693 to 1700). In the 18th century, his grandchildren played a role in the Frederick Army: The eldest, Major General Johann Friedrich Adolf von der Marwitz , Herr auf Friedersdorf, fell out of favor with Frederick II because he refused to plunder the Hubertusburg hunting lodge that had been conquered by the Elector of Saxony let, therefore it is also called "Hubertusburg-Marwitz"; his brother, Lieutenant General Gustav Ludwig von der Marwitz is known as " Hochkirch -Marwitz"; the youngest, Behrendt Friedrich August von der Marwitz later became court marshal under Friedrich Wilhelm II. Behrendt Friedrich August's second son, Friedrich August Ludwig von der Marwitz (1777-1837), lord of Friedersdorf, fought as a colonel against Napoleon I and divorced in 1827 Lieutenant General out. He was the Landtag Marshal of the Brandenburg Provincial Parliament and gained fame as a vehement opponent of the Stein-Hardenberg reforms .

Fontane wrote about Friedersdorf Castle and the Marwitz family on his hikes through the Mark Brandenburg region . His essay contained there on the brothers Friedrich August Ludwig von der Marwitz and Alexander von der Marwitz conjured up the "old Prussian spirit". Fontane also inspired the family's epitaphs in the Friedersdorf village church , the “sans pareil among the Brandenburg churches”, and he helped the epitaph to great fame that Friedrich August Ludwig wrote for his uncle Johann Friedrich Adolf, the “Hubertusburg-Marwitz” has: "... chose disgrace where obedience did not bring honor" . It later became the secret slogan for the resistance against National Socialism . Through the Marwitze and Fontane, Friedersdorf became the "consecrated domain of what we mean by" Prussian "in the highest sense" ( Udo von Alvensleben )

Balzar von der Marwitz, colonel from Kurbrandenburg, was the founder of the Sellin family. One of his descendants was Lieutenant General Curt Hildebrand von der Marwitz from Kurbrandenburg , he became governor of Küstrin in 1690 . From his marriage to Luise, the daughter of Field Marshal Georg von Derfflinger , four sons and two daughters were born. Son Heinrich Karl von der Marwitz died in 1744 as a royal Prussian general of the infantry . On December 27, 1713, he received the Prussian indigenous population in Berlin .

Numerous other members of the family received high offices in Brandenburg or royal Prussian court, state and military services. In 1806 17 von der Marwitz served in the Prussian army .

On March 22, 1889, a family association was founded.

Possessions

More recently, the family in Pomerania owned the goods Wendisch Pribbernow and Ritzkow in the district of Greifenberg , Klein Nossin and Wundichow in the district of Stolp and Schwessin in the district of Rummelsburg .

In Silesia , relatives to Frankenthal in the Neumarkt district and in West Prussia to Mzanno in the Schwetz district owned .

In Neumark, Berkenbrügge and Kölpin in the Arnswalde district and Friedersdorf (as Fideikommiss ) in the Lebus district were owned or partially owned by the family. Friedersdorf acquired Hans Georg von der Marwitz in 1682 by marrying a von Görtzke ; it then remained in the family until 1945, as did the Groß Kreutz (Havel) estate and the Hackenhausen estate (municipality of Planebruch ) that were later added by inheritance . The Groß Rietz Castle , built from 1693 onwards, was sold in 1790, but was returned to the von der Marwitz family in 1861, who then held it until it was expropriated in 1945.

After 1990, Hans-Georg von der Marwitz (* 1961) gradually bought back Gut Friedersdorf. The Groß Kreutz manor was also bought back by the grandchildren of the last owner.

Post-aristocratic branches

There is a relationship to two aristocratic branches, which were founded by Gottlieb Felix Ludwig von der Marwitz and Gustav Karl von der Marwitz. Gottlieb Felix Ludwig von der Marwitz was the natural son of the royal Prussian major general Otto von der Marwitz from the House of Diedersdorf and Wilhelmine Gebler, who received a Prussian nobility legitimation in Berlin on May 24, 1790 with the settlement of his father's name and coat of arms . Gustav Karl von der Marwitz, the natural son of the Prussian Lieutenant General Gustav Ludwig von der Marwitz from the House of Friedersdorf , received a Prussian nobility legitimation in Berlin on November 5, 1791, also with the settlement of his father's name and coat of arms.

coat of arms

Family coat of arms

The blue coat of arms shows an erect, cleared, natural tree trunk, which extends outward at the top in two mutilated branches, each with three golden leaves. On the helmet between two black flights is a growing blue-clad maiden with long golden hair, lifting up a green wreath with both hands. The helmet covers are blue-gold. There is evidence of a different variant of the helmet ornament for the early 17th century : two armored arms that together hold up three green clovers.

Heraldic saga

The lords of Marwitz have a tree in their coat of arms and a bust of a virgin as a helmet ornament. A legend reports that once, when the entire family of the Marwitz had died out except for one virgin, she asked the emperor to allow her fiancé to accept her name and her coat of arms. The Emperor allowed it, but he had to take from Marwitz , von der Marwitz call.

Significant namesake

From the middle of the 17th to the beginning of the 19th century alone, "a few hundred officers" from the vd Marwitz family were in the Brandenburg or Prussian service, the following list is correspondingly military-heavy:

Name bearer * † comment
Alexander von der Marwitz 1787 1814 Prussian officer
Alexander Magnus von der Marwitz 1668 1726 Prussian major general
Behrendt Friedrich August von der Marwitz 1740 1793 Prussian chamberlain and court marshal
Bernd von der Marwitz 1661 1726 Prussian major general
Bernhard von der Marwitz 1824 1880 Prussian district administrator and politician
Christian August von der Marwitz 1736 1800 Prussian major general
David von der Marwitz 1649 1707 Prussian major general
Eugen Louis Hermann von der Marwitz 1853 1916 Prussian state stable master and stud director Beberbeck
Friedrich August Ludwig von der Marwitz 1777 1837 Prussian lieutenant general and politician
Friedrich Wilhelm von der Marwitz 1639 1716 Prussian major general and commander of the Oderberg Fortress
Friedrich Wilhelm Siegmund von der Marwitz 1726 1788 Prussian major general
Georg von der Marwitz 1856 1929 Prussian general of the cavalry
Gustav Ludwig von der Marwitz 1730 1797 Prussian lieutenant general
Hans-Georg von der Marwitz 1961 Farmer, member of the German Bundestag and chairman of the CDU parliamentary group in the Märkisch-Oderland district assembly
Heinrich Karl von der Marwitz 1680 1744 Prussian general of the infantry
Hermann von der Marwitz 1814 1885 Manor owner and member of the Prussian House of Representatives
Joachim von der Marwitz 1603 1662 Brandenburg court official and soldier
Johann Friedrich Adolf von der Marwitz 1723 1781 Prussian major general
Kaspar Heinrich von der Marwitz 1865 1945 Prussian District Administrator, General Director of the State Fire Society of the Province of Brandenburg
Kurt August von der Marwitz 1737 1808 Prussian major general
Kurt Hildebrand von der Marwitz 1641 1701 Brandenburg Lieutenant General and Governor of Küstrin
Oskar von der Marwitz 1848 1920 Prussian major general
Otto Sigismund Albrecht Alexander von der Marwitz 1746 1819 Prussian major general
Peter-Alexander von der Marwitz 1955 German politicians (PDS, Rule of Law Party, Center)
Ralf von der Marwitz 1888 1966 German vice admiral and naval attaché
Robert von der Marwitz 1837 1897 Prussian district administrator of the Lyck district
Siegmund von der Marwitz 1586 1660 Brandenburg court official
Walter von der Marwitz 1880 1945 Prussian administrative lawyer, district administrator of the Stolp district
Wilhelmine Dorothee von der Marwitz 1718 1787 Mistress of the Margrave Friedrich von Brandenburg-Bayreuth and Viennese salon
the Black Marwitz 1759 Prussian Mayor and Quartermaster

literature

Web links

Commons : Marwitz (noble family)  - collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Riedel, Cod. Dipl. Brandenburg. A XIII 208.
  2. ↑ a b New general German nobility lexicon. Volume 6, p. 157.
  3. ↑ Hans Körner:  Marwitz, from the. In: New German Biography (NDB). Volume 16, Duncker & Humblot, Berlin 1990, ISBN 3-428-00197-4 , pp. 318-320 ( digitized version ).
  4. ↑ Udo von Alvensleben (art historian) , visits before the downfall, aristocratic seats between Altmark and Masuria , compiled from diary entries and edited by Harald von Koenigswald, Frankfurt / M.-Berlin 1968, pp. 90–93
  5. ^ Genealogisches Handbuch des Adels , Adelslexikon. Volume VIII, Volume 113 of the complete series, pp. 298-299.
  6. ↑ Wolfenbüttel digital library: coat of arms of Siegmund von der Marwitz (1586–1660), margravial Brandenburg hunter, member of the fruit-bearing society (company name "The Luring One"): view
  7. ↑ Johann Georg Theodor Grasse : Legends of gender, name and coat of arms of the nobility of the German nation . Reprint-Verlag, Leipzig 1999, ISBN 3-8262-0704-1 , page 103 ( digitized version )
  8. ^ Franz Mehring : The beginnings of the Prussian state , first published in: Die Neue Zeit , 34th year 1915/16, 1st volume, here quoted from: Zur Geschichte Preußens , Berlin: Dietz, 1984, p. 79.
  9. ↑ Presumably from the Sellin family, allegedly refused to allow the king to set up camp for the Prussian army at Hochkirch , which the subsequent attack at Hochkirch proved to be wise. Compare: Adam Heinrich Dietrich von Bülow : Prince Heinrich of Prussia. Critical history of his campaigns , Berlin 1805, p. 392, no. 23 ; Friedrich Meusel: Friedrich August Ludwig von der Marwitz , Berlin 1908, pp. 18-19 ; Werner Meyer: Denied orders and suffered disgrace? Berlin 2014, p. 62, FN 208.