Concentration camp commander
KZ-commander , also commandant was the uppermost commanding service position within a concentration camp, the SS .
General
The basics of the service rules for a camp commandant result from an arrangement of the SS areas of responsibility in a concentration camp . The status of a camp commandant was designated as follows:
"The commandant of a concentration camp is the highest authority in terms of personnel and factual matters in all official matters relating to the individual departments."
As a result, the camp commandant was in command of all disciplinary matters that concerned the SS personnel of the concentration camps (concentration camps were indicated with KL in the SS correspondence). The camp commandant was assigned an adjutant who was responsible for the immediate, complete and precise execution of the commandant's orders. Furthermore, the adjutant was responsible for the correspondence and had to prepare the official personnel matters (called Führer Affairs in the SS) for the camp commandant. The adjutant also arranged for visitors to attend personal conversations between the SS personnel and the camp commandant.
The individual departments in the concentration camp were in turn subject to the inspection of the concentration camps (ICL), but there were exceptions. A direct subordination to the ICL existed for the departments of the guard, the adjutantage and the protective custody camp.
Hierarchies
The rank of the camp commanders was based on the size of the concentration camp. Smaller camps and external commandos were often under an SS-Scharführer , large camps (main camps) were led by an SS-Hauptsturmführer or SS-Obersturmbannführer .
The number and structure of the departments also depend on the size of the concentration camp. Example:
- Department I: Headquarters Staff
- Camp commandant
- adjutant
- Court officer
- Readiness to drive
- Writing rooms
- Telex
- ID card office
- SS arrest
- mail department
- Department II: Political Department (also: Camp Gestapo)
- Head of Department
- Admission point for prisoners
- Inmate affairs
- Detection service
- Investigations and interrogations
- Registry office
- Department III: Protective detention camp (also: prisoner camp)
- Protective custody camp leader
- Labor Service Leader
- Command leader
- Report leader
- Block leader
- Department III3a (in Auschwitz concentration camp ): Labor deployment
- Labor leader
- Labor Service Leader
- Department IV: Site Administration
- Administrative Manager (Head of Site Administration)
- Warehouse engineer
- Prisoner Property Management
- Catering
- clothing
- equipment
- building
- effects
- Department V: Medical Services
- Site doctor
- Troop doctors
- Camp doctors
- SS infirmary
- pharmacy
- Inmate infirmaries
- Department VI: Troop Support and Training
- Head of Troop Support
Locations and names of the concentration camp commanders
| concentration camp | Concentration camp commander | Beginning | The End |
|---|---|---|---|
| Labor village concentration camp | Martin Gottfried Weiss | April 1942 | July 1942 |
| Wilhelm Schitli | July 1942 | October 1942 | |
| Auschwitz concentration camp | Rudolf Höss | May 4th 1940 | November 10, 1943 |
| Auschwitz I concentration camp (main camp) | Arthur Liebehenschel | November 11, 1943 | May 8, 1944 |
| Richard Baer | May 11, 1944 | January 27, 1945 | |
| Auschwitz II concentration camp (Birkenau) | Friedrich Hartjenstein | November 22, 1943 | May 8, 1944 |
| Josef Kramer | May 8, 1944 | November 25, 1944 | |
| Auschwitz III concentration camp (Monowitz) | Heinrich Schwarz | November 11, 1943 | January 17, 1945 |
| Bergen-Belsen concentration camp | Adolf Haas | April 1943 | December 2, 1944 |
| Josef Kramer | December 2, 1944 | April 15, 1945 | |
| Buchenwald concentration camp | Karl Otto Koch | July 1937 | December 1941 |
| Hermann Pister | December 1941 | April 13, 1945 | |
| Dachau concentration camp | Hilmar Wäckerle | April 19, 1933 | June 25, 1933 |
| Theodor Eicke | June 28, 1933 | December 10, 1934 | |
| Heinrich Deubel | December 10, 1934 | April 1, 1936 | |
| Hans Loritz | April 1, 1936 | February 19, 1940 | |
| Alexander Piorkowski | February 19, 1940 | September 1, 1942 | |
| Martin Gottfried Weiss | September 1, 1942 | October 31, 1943 | |
| Eduard Next | October 1, 1943 | April 26, 1945 | |
| Flossenbürg concentration camp | Jacob Weiseborn | May 1938 | January 20, 1939 |
| Karl artist | January 20, 1939 | August 10, 1942 | |
| Karl Fritzsch | August 10, 1942 | September 1942 | |
| Egon Zill | September 1942 | April 29, 1943 | |
| Max Koegel | April 29, 1943 | April 23, 1945 | |
| Groß-Rosen concentration camp | Arthur Rödl | May 1, 1941 | September 15, 1942 |
| Wilhelm Gideon | September 15, 1942 | October 10, 1943 | |
| Johannes Hassebroek | October 11, 1943 | February 1945 | |
| Herzogenbusch concentration camp | Karl Chmielewski | January 5, 1943 | October 1943 |
| Adam Grünewald | October 1943 | January 1944 | |
| Hans Hüttig | February 1944 | September 1944 | |
| Chewing concentration camp | Wilhelm Göck | September 1943 | July 1944 (probably) |
| Majdanek concentration camp | Karl Otto Koch | September 1941 | August 1942 |
| Max Koegel | August 1942 | November 1942 | |
| Hermann Florstedt | November 1942 | October 1943 | |
| Martin Gottfried Weiss | November 1943 | May 1944 | |
| Arthur Liebehenschel | May 1944 | July 22, 1944 | |
| Mauthausen concentration camp | Albert Sauer | August 8, 1938 | February 17, 1939 |
| Franz Ziereis | February 17, 1939 | May 5, 1945 | |
| Mittelbau concentration camp | Otto Foerschner | October 1944 | January 1945 |
| Richard Baer | February 1945 | April 1945 | |
| Natzweiler-Struthof concentration camp | Hans Hüttig | April 1941 | March 1942 |
| Egon Zill | May 1942 | October 25, 1942 | |
| Josef Kramer | October 25, 1942 | May 4, 1944 | |
| Friedrich Hartjenstein | May 9, 1944 | January 1945 | |
| Heinrich Schwarz | February 1945 | April 1945 | |
| Neuengamme concentration camp | Walter Eisfeld | February 1940 | March 1940 |
| Martin Gottfried Weiss | April 1940 | August 1942 | |
| Max Pauly | September 1942 | May 4, 1945 | |
| Plaszow concentration camp | Amon Leopold Goeth | February 1943 | September 13, 1944 |
| Arnold Büscher | September 1944 | January 1945 (probably) | |
| Ravensbrück concentration camp | Günther Tamaschke | May 1939 | August 1939 |
| Max Koegel | January 1940 | August 1942 | |
| Fritz Suhren | September 1, 1942 | April 30, 1945 | |
| Riga-Kaiserwald concentration camp | Eduard Roschmann | April 1943 | September 1944 |
| Sachsenhausen concentration camp | Michael Lippert | July 1936 | October 1936 |
| Karl Otto Koch | October 1936 | July 1937 | |
| Hans Helwig | August 1, 1937 | April 1938 | |
| Hermann Baranowski | May 1, 1938 | September 1939 | |
| Walter Eisfeld | September 1939 | January 1940 | |
| Hans Loritz | April 1, 1940 | September 1942 | |
| Anton Kaindl | September 1942 | April 22, 1945 | |
| Stutthof concentration camp | Max Pauly | October 1939 | August 1942 |
| Paul Werner Hoppe | August 1942 | April 1945 | |
| Vaivara concentration camp | Hans Aumeier | September 1943 | June 1944 |
| Warsaw concentration camp | Wilhelm Göck | June 1943 | September 1943 |
| Nikolaus Herbet | September 1943 | July 1944 (probably) |
literature
- Friedrich Karl Kaul , Joachim Noak (ed.): Defendant No. 6 - An Auschwitz Documentation . Akademie-Verlag, Berlin 1966.
- Martin Weinmann (Ed.): The National Socialist Camp System (CCP). Two thousand and one, Frankfurt am Main 1990.
- Wolfgang Sofsky : The order of terror. The concentration camp. S. Fischer, Frankfurt am Main 1993 ISBN 3-10-072704-5 .
- Karin Orth : The concentration camp SS. Deutscher Taschenbuch-Verlag, Munich 2004, ISBN 3-423-34085-1 .
- Karin Orth: The system of the National Socialist concentration camps . Pendo-Verlag, Zurich 2002, ISBN 3-85842-450-1 .
- Peter Neitzke (Ed.): Concentration Camp Document F 321 for the International Military Court of Nuremberg. Zweiausendeins, Frankfurt am Main 2005, p. 334.
- Tom Segev : The Soldiers of Evil. On the history of the concentration camp commanders . Rowohlt, Reinbek near Hamburg 1995, ISBN 3-499-18826-0 .
- Ernst Klee : The dictionary of persons on the Third Reich : Who was what before and after 1945. Fischer-Taschenbuch-Verlag, Frankfurt am Main 2005, ISBN 3-596-16048-0 .
- Eugen Kogon : The SS state . The system of the German concentration camps . Alber, Munich 1946, most recently: Heyne, Munich 1995, ISBN 3-453-02978-X .
Footnotes
- ↑ Wolfgang Sofsky calls the double structure of the lines of command for subordinating SS personnel in the concentration camp the multi-line system .