Heinrich Deubel

from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Heinrich Deubel (born February 19, 1890 in Ortenburg , † October 2, 1962 in Dingolfing ) was a German SS-Oberführer and customs officer and camp commandant of the Dachau and Columbia-Haus concentration camps .

Life

Deubel, the son of a postman, became a professional soldier with a service period of twelve years after attending primary and secondary school. From 1906 he attended the Fürstenfeldbruck NCO School and from 1909 was a member of the 16th Bavarian Infantry Regiment. Deubel served as a soldier in World War I and, after being captured by the British on July 14, 1916, spent several years in British POW camps. After his release from captivity at the end of November 1918, he returned to Passau , was discharged from the army with the rank of lieutenant on December 6, 1919 and joined the German National Guard and Defense Association . In 1920 he took part in the Kapp Putsch as a member of a paramilitary organization .

From May 1920 he worked as a customs officer at the main customs office in Passau in the Reich customs administration. Until 1924 he was promoted to customs secretary. In the early 1920s he was one of the founding members of the NSDAP in Passau. After the temporary NSDAP ban, he rejoined the party in August 1925 ( membership number 14,178). His marriage took place in 1927. On August 31, 1926, he became an SS member from the very beginning, with one of the lowest membership numbers (No. 186). From the end of October 1928 to the end of January 1931 he was in command of the 31st SS Standard in Lower Bavaria and then head of the SS Brigade East Bavaria and the 31st SS Standard.

From December 10, 1934 to March 31, 1936, he was camp commandant of the Dachau concentration camp. His early replacement was based on the relatively humane treatment of the concentration camp prisoners and was also associated with embezzlement and presumption of office. His successor in this post was Hans Loritz . He was immediately transferred to the Columbia-Haus concentration camp as a camp commandant until he was released from this post again on September 22, 1936 due to intrigues (Deubel was considered too "soft"). Max Koegel , Deubel's adjutant , took over provisional management of the "KZ Columbia-Haus" until the dissolution of the "KZ Columbia-Haus" in November 1936. Deubel officially resigned from the concentration camp service on March 31, 1937 and then went back to work for customs, without having given up the civil servant privileges acquired there during his full-time work with the SS. Deubel reached the position of chief customs inspector in 1939 and was promoted to district customs commissioner in 1941. From 1941 Deubel led a convalescent company as a lieutenant and was later employed as a customs border guard in France .

From 1927 to around 1932, Deubel had lived with his family as tenants in the house of the Markmiller family in Dingolfing . In 1948, Maria Markmiller made an exonerating affidavit, according to which Deubel had released imprisoned communists from Dachau at Markmiller's request during a later visit to Dingolfing and verbally distanced himself from the violence in the Dachau camp.

After the end of the Second World War , Deubel was interned from 1945 to 1948. The Federal German judiciary did not hold Deubel accountable because criminal proceedings against him for involvement in violent National Socialist crimes in the Dachau concentration camp were discontinued. Deubel then led an inconspicuous life and died in October 1962.

Awards

Deubel's SS ranks
date rank
August 31, 1926 SS squad leader
October 30, 1928 SS-Sturmbannführer
February 1, 1931 SS standard leader
November 9, 1934 SS-Oberführer

literature

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Tom Segev: The Soldiers of Evil. On the history of the concentration camp commanders. Reinbek near Hamburg 1995, p. 162.
  2. ↑ a b c d Johannes Tuchel: Concentration camps: organizational history and function of the inspection of the concentration camps 1934–1938. H. Boldt, 1991, ISBN 3-7646-1902-3 , p. 372 f.
  3. ↑ Wolfgang Benz , Barbara Distel (ed.): The place of terror . History of the National Socialist Concentration Camps. Volume 2: Early camp, Dachau, Emsland camp. CH Beck, Munich 2005, ISBN 3-406-52962-3 , p. 244.
  4. ↑ Wolfgang Benz, Barbara Distel (ed.): The place of terror - history of the National Socialist concentration camps. Volume 2: Early camp, Dachau, Emsland camp. Verlag CH Beck, Nördlingen 2005, p. 59.
  5. ^ Fritz Markmiller, Georg Rettenbeck: Dingolfing 1933-1945. Euphoria and disillusionment. Resistance and reprisals. So that nothing is forgotten . Exhibition catalog. Dingolfing 1995, p. 53.
  6. ^ Printed in full, ibid.
  7. ^ Comité International de Dachau; Barbara Distel, Dachau Concentration Camp Memorial (ed.): Dachau Concentration Camp 1933 to 1945 - Text and photo documents for the exhibition. Munich 2005, p. 98.
personal data
SURNAME Deubel, Heinrich
BRIEF DESCRIPTION German concentration camp commander
DATE OF BIRTH February 19, 1890
PLACE OF BIRTH Ortenburg
DATE OF DEATH 2nd October 1962
Place of death Dingolfing