Alfred Herrhausen

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Alfred Herrhausen (born January 30, 1930 in Essen , † November 30, 1989 in Bad Homburg vor der Höhe ) was a German bank manager and spokesman for the board of Deutsche Bank . Under his leadership, the Deutsche Bank rose to the top group of international commercial banks through strategic restructuring and acquisitions. He gave the bank a new corporate structure that lasted for a long time and made it the undisputed market leader in West Germany.

Herrhausen was considered to be an exceptional figure among top German managers, both professionally and personally. Many observers emphasized his intellectual, oratorical and entrepreneurial brilliance, whereby his often unconventional concepts and thoughts often aroused criticism from board colleagues and the banking world. He emphasized that banks must use their power responsibly and called for more transparency . In 1987 and 1988 he encountered massive opposition from the international financial world with demands for economically and ethically justified debt relief for highly indebted developing countries .

Herrhausen died in a bomb attack directed against him . The day after the murder, around ten thousand people marched through Frankfurt's banking district in a silent march . The left-wing terrorist Red Army Faction (RAF) claimed responsibility for the murder; the executing perpetrators could not be identified.

Life

Alfred Herrhausen and his twin sister Anne were born in Essen as children of Hella Herrhausen and the surveyor Karl Herrhausen. In his childhood, Herrhausen attended the Carl-Humann-Gymnasium in Essen-Steele and the NS-Ausleseschule Reichsschule Feldafing of the NSDAP . After the Second World War he studied business administration and economics in Cologne , where he joined the Corps Hansea . It was 1955 when Theodor Wessels with a thesis on marginal utility as part of Marginal principle doctorate .

Career advancement

After working for Ruhrgas AG and the United Electricity Works Westphalia (VEW) , Friedrich Wilhelm Christians, spokesman for the board at the time, brought him to Deutsche Bank in 1969. There he was appointed a deputy member of the board in 1970 and a full member in 1971. In 1974 he was appointed to the Banking Structure Commission by the Federal Government . Due to the divorce from his first wife Ulla in 1977, Herrhausen got into a certain social isolation within the board, which Christians finally broke through by a private invitation. In 1983, Herrhausen and two other “steel moderators” were commissioned by the federal government to develop a concept for reorganizing the German steel market. After Wilfried Guth left the company in May 1985, he became one of two spokesmen for the board alongside Christians. On May 11, 1988, he became the sole board spokesman. Herrhausen pursued the restructuring of Deutsche Bank's corporate structures with vigor and made the bank the undisputed market leader in Germany. The focus was on a consistent all-finance concept and the internationalization of the group. These included the founding of Deutsche Bank Bauspar AG and Deutsche Bank Lebensversicherungs AG as well as the takeover of the British investment bank Morgan Grenfell in 1989, the planning of which was announced on November 27, 1989 - three days before his death.

Debt Relief for Developing Countries

His interest in the interests of the Third World is considered untypical for a manager . His advocacy of partial debt relief for developing countries made headlines at a World Bank meeting in Washington in 1987. Herrhausen had come up with the idea shortly before at a meeting of the International Monetary Fund when Mexican President Miguel de la Madrid Hurtado told him the catastrophic economic situation had described his country. After an interim revocation due to massive protests from the financial world, he made the demand again at the Bilderberg Conference in 1988. According to Herrhausen's diagnosis, the debt crisis in the less developed countries was a persistent solvency problem, i.e. a persistent insolvency which cannot be solved due to increased debt. In his view, a partial waiver by the creditor banks was therefore not only necessary for moral reasons, but also in the long-term interest of the creditors. The international banking world was outraged by his proposal. The left taz then asked whether Herrhausen was “an innovative softie”, while according to Nina Grunenberg a competitor claimed: “That was a tough game in competition, ... dishonest, unclean and unfair.” There is speculation as to whether he would also use this concept wanted to use to strengthen the position of Deutsche Bank vis-à-vis the major US banks. Their loans to the poor countries were - due to the American banking law at the time - significantly less secure than those of his own institute, which could have turned them into potential candidates for a hostile takeover by Deutsche Bank - if his idea had been implemented.

When Walter Seipp , the head of Commerzbank , publicly accused him of “unsolidarity” towards other banks, Herrhausen rejected this with a typical rhetorical tip: Deutsche Bank needed “no tutoring in solidarity”, and solidarity could not mean “ to stop thinking ”. After Herrhausen's death, his successor, Hilmar Kopper, dismissed the proposal for debt relief for poor countries as an “intellectual comment”, which meant that the idea was done away with for lack of advocates. As with several other problem areas he perceived early on, debt relief was implemented long after his death (see the history of the HIPC initiative ).

Appearance and effect

Herrhausen was regarded as an exception among top German managers. His intellectual, oratory, and entrepreneurial brilliance was highlighted by many observers. This made him both a sought-after interview partner for the media and an important advisor for politicians like Helmut Kohl . At the same time, he could sometimes react gruffly when colleagues and employees could not follow his analyzes or, in his opinion, did not understand a topic. He was considered an excellent listener. He could make his counterpart feel that he respected their opinion and person and was concentrating completely on them. The social status of his interlocutor was not particularly important. Companions attested to his ability to deal with workers at Daimler-Benz AG , whose supervisory board he headed, as well as with students and schoolchildren.

In retrospect, the strategic reorganization of Deutsche Bank initiated by Herrhausen is seen as visionary, as he foresaw and consistently implemented developments in the financial world that were hardly apparent at the time and would only become reality years later. This included the all-finance concept and the expansion of the investment area with the acquisition of the British investment bank Morgan Grenfell.

Herrhausen tried in numerous lectures and interviews to improve the image of the banks. He stressed the responsibility of banks and their managers. He took an active part in the discussion about the “power of the banks”, which had also sparked off the numerous industrial holdings of Deutsche Bank. Together with Edzard Reuter , Rudolf von Bennigsen-Foerder and Klaus Liesen, Herrhausen is considered to be one of the last outstanding representatives of Deutschland AG . His best-known quote from Deutsche Bank was: “Of course we have power. It is not a question of whether we have power or not, but the question of how we deal with it, whether we use it responsibly or not. "

Internal bank conflicts

With his strong personal charisma, oratorial brilliance, his energetic demeanor and relentless openness, Herrhausen often offended his fellow board members. Again and again he complained about the "doubters" in his own house. The displeasure was partly based on mutuality: “Herrhausen was an intellectual snob who let others feel the arrogance of the gifted ,” recalled a former colleague at Deutsche Bank. He did not maintain private contacts with his fellow board members.

Herrhausen's attempt to implement a radical restructuring of Deutsche Bank led to violent arguments with other management members. His position in the bank was severely weakened; two days before his death, he internally announced his resignation as spokesman for the board on January 30, 1990, his 60th birthday.

Private life

From 1953 Herrhausen was married to Ulla Sattler, daughter of the general director of the United Electricity Works Westphalia AG (VEW), Paul Sattler . In 1974, during a stay in Texas, he met his second wife, the Austrian-born doctor Waltraud Baumgartner, whom he married in 1977. After the death of her husband, Traudl Herrhausen was a member of the Hessian state parliament from 1991 to 2003 for the CDU . Herrhausen had two daughters, Bettina (* 1959) from the first marriage and Anna (* 1978) from the second marriage.

In a talk show in 1982 Herrhausen met Tanja Neumann , a political and literature student who was over 30 years his junior and who was invited to represent the no-future generation. He was amazed by the young, politically left-wing student who then gave him her opinion and explained her political and economic ideas for the future. A long letter contact (on your part) and telephone calls as well as meetings of this "very special friendship" followed until the attack. Neumann reflected that it was "an intellectual gas station" for Herrhausen; he wanted to talk to someone "who embodied other values, did not think about money and career". Herrhausen's wife Traudl invited her to the funeral service, four years later gave her the letters that her husband had kept and gave her his fountain pen as a souvenir.

Assassination and death

Memorial at the site of the murder in Bad Homburg; Two basalt steles, each with engraved quotations from Ingeborg Bachmann and Karl Popper . The third stele is broken and shows the time and date of Herrhausen's death

Herrhausen was aware of the potential threat from terrorist attacks. Since the kidnapping and murder of the President of the Employers' Association, Hanns Martin Schleyer, in September 1977, according to his wife, he had a letter in his bedside cabinet saying that he should not give in to his demands in the event of his possible kidnapping and possible blackmailing of the Federal Republic of Germany. Since the early summer of 1989 there had been a specific hazard notice; its safety concept, which had been adapted to the highest level of risk, was only carried out sporadically in July 1989; However, from September there were several signs that the RAF was targeting Herrhausen.

On the morning of November 30, 1989, Herrhausen left his house in Ellerhöhweg in Bad Homburg to be driven to work in his Mercedes-Benz 126 series company car . After a journey time of about three minutes detonated at 8:34 pm in Seedammweg ( ⊙ ) between Taunus Therme and Seedammbad a bomb , which was on a prepared bicycle by the roadside. Herrhausen, who was sitting in the rear right of the vehicle, was killed in the attack and his chauffeur was only slightly injured.

Booby trap

The bomb was in a package the size of a school bag on the luggage rack of the bike. It consisted of a heavy copper plate, which was coated on one side with about 7 kilograms of the explosive TNT . This arrangement used in armor-piercing weapons releases the explosive energy in a targeted manner due to the Misznay-Schardin effect ( projectile-forming charge ). From a technical point of view, it was therefore not a shaped charge mine , which, however, was falsely claimed in the confession letter that appeared later and was initially also disseminated by the authorities. When Herrhausen's car drove through a previously installed light barrier ( booby trap ), the bomb exploded, the pressure wave of which hit the rear side door of the armored Mercedes-Benz of the S-Class . The force of the pressure wave lifted the car into the air, turned it and stopped at right angles to the direction of travel. A sharp-edged part of the inner door panel that was blown off by the explosion injured Herrhausen's thigh artery . He died of severe blood loss within a few minutes .

Unsuccessful use of the driver

His driver Jakob Nix had been injured by splinters in his head and arm. While the bodyguards were still in the escort vehicle, he dropped out of the car and then walked around the wrecked vehicle to Herrhausen's door, which had been ripped off its hinges. But because of his injured arm he could not grab it; he did not succeed in pulling Herrhausen out of the car. He was led away from the vehicle shortly afterwards by one of the first bodyguards to join. Nix suffered for a long time from the trauma that he had not been able to help his boss, with whom he had developed a close relationship over 19 years of service and with whom he was on two terms.

Inconsistencies

The journalist Christoph Gunkel points out unusual circumstances from his point of view: The work disguised as a construction site, during which the cables for the light barrier were laid (however, they were of short duration; according to eyewitnesses, the construction site sign was forgotten after its completion and stood for weeks at the edge of the road), the great material and technical expenditure as well as the use of a bomb of military design with the explosive TNT did not correspond to the previous approach of the RAF. In addition, the conspicuous preparations for the precisely planned attack did not appear suspicious to either the police or the Federal Criminal Police Office , although Herrhausen was one of the most vulnerable people in the Federal Republic and the area around his house was constantly monitored. The second escort vehicle, which is normally used, was withdrawn shortly before the attack , according to the former President of the Office for the Protection of the Constitution Richard Meier . The manufacturer was also aware of the tendency of door panels to splinter, and vehicles equipped with them had already been recalled for retrofitting, except for the one in which Herrhausen was sitting.

Unsuccessful investigations and perpetration by the RAF

Commitment to the act by the RAF

The person responsible for the attack could not be determined, but the Red Army Faction (RAF) committed itself to the act on the afternoon of the attack by calling the Herrhausens. At the scene of the crime, a DIN A4 sheet of paper was found under the explosive device, wrapped in plastic film, on which the RAF logo and the inscription “Kommando Wolfgang Beer ” were located. Five days after the attack, three press agencies also received a letter of self-infliction dated December 2, in which the RAF confessed to the murder of Herrhausen: “On November 30, 1989, we had the head of Deutsche Bank, Alfred Beer, with Wolfgang Beer Herrhausen, executed, we blew up his armored Mercedes with a self-made shaped charge mine. "The letter justified the attack with the history of Deutsche Bank and Herrhausen's role as its senior representative:" The history of Deutsche Bank is followed by the blood trail of two world wars and Millions of exploitation, and in this continuity Herrhausen ruled at the head of this power center of the German economy; he was the most powerful business leader in Europe. ”The text followed the usual structure of the letters confessing the third RAF generation (first selection of victims, then general political evaluation), but differed from the earlier statements due to the relatively simple language. The Federal Criminal Police Office saw parallels in this to a statement by Eva Haule from November 1988 and a published letter from Helmut Pohl from November 1989, which is why it assumed that this letter was largely determined by the RAF members imprisoned at the time: “The RAF heads are all seated inside. "

Later statements by former RAF members Birgit Hogefeld , Christian Klar and Eva Haule also assign the act to the RAF.

Accusations by a key witness

Despite the avowal of the RAF, the investigators, as the President of the Federal Criminal Police Office, Hans-Ludwig Zachert admitted in March 1991, had no concrete trace of the individual perpetrators. On January 21, 1992, the investigating authorities presented a supposedly spectacular search success. Siegfried Nonne, a member of the left-wing radical scene, who was occasionally V-Person of the Hessian State Office for the Protection of the Constitution , incriminated himself, Christoph Seidler, Andrea Klump and two other men only known to him as Stefan and Peter in a comprehensive statement . He stated that the four were RAF terrorists and that they lived in his Bad Homburg apartment for a long time before the attack. He was also involved in the planning himself. The Federal Attorney General then issued arrest warrants against Christoph Seidler and Andrea Klump. Extremely small traces of explosives were found in Nonnes' cellar, but other substances ( 2,4-dinitrotoluene , 2,4-dinitroethylbenzene and traces of nitroglycerin ) than the trinitrotoluene (TNT) used in the attack. Nunne's half-brother Hugo Föller immediately questioned his statement. He had lived with his wife for a long time in the Bad Homburg apartment of the key witness, but at the time of Nun's testimony he was in the hospital, where he was questioned by the Federal Criminal Police Office. He claimed he didn't move out until two months after the attack and didn't see a stranger in the house. Föller died in January, a few days after Nunne's testimony, at the age of 42 of pneumonia . Other residents of the house confirmed Foeller's statement that at no time had unknown persons been in the house for longer.

Withdrawal and doubt

In a broadcast of the WDR magazine Monitor on July 1, 1992, Nonne retracted his entire statement in front of the camera. He told the journalists that he had been forced to testify by employees of the Hessian Office for the Protection of the Constitution with hardly concealed death threats (he was suicidal, one could help out). A BKA employee who phoned one of the authors a few days after the broadcast confirmed Nunne's information and, at a meeting with the author in mid-July 1992, presented documents from which it emerged that the Hessian Office for the Protection of the Constitution had contacted Nun on its own initiative. As a result, it became known that Nun had repeatedly received psychiatric treatment and suffered from alcohol and drug problems. Only four days before he first turned to the Office for the Protection of the Constitution with his statements, he had been released from a six-month stay in psychiatry. The diagnosis at that time was: “Long-lasting depressive reaction with suicidal thoughts, polytoxicomania including morphine , personality disorder at the borderline level .” Nevertheless, two reports commissioned by the authorities attested Nunne's statements to be credible. It was therefore questionable whether Nunne's first statement or his revocation should be considered valid. The authorities decided to classify his testimony as credible and the revocation as implausible, whereby the arrest warrants against the two perpetrators named by him remained. Nonne later revised his revocation as he had been threatened and coerced, this time by the Monitor journalists. The preliminary investigation against him for complicity was closed in 1994 under application of the leniency program because of his involvement in the investigation.

Many sides expressed doubts about Nunne's credibility. His statements and the version of the authorities based on them are considered inconsistent on a number of points. On February 13, 1995, the parliamentary group of the Greens put a small parliamentary question entitled The key witness Siegfried Nonne and the role of the security authorities to the federal government, which essentially referred to statements in the book Das RAF-Phantom , which the WDR journalists in the meantime had written about the supposedly non-existent third RAF generation. The federal government replied that Nunne's statements would continue to be viewed as credible.

Repeal of arrest warrants

The attorney general's adherence to Nuns statements was criticized many times. When the accused Christoph Seidler presented himself to the German authorities in 1996 as part of a dropout program, he presented an alibi for the time of the crime; the Federal Court of Justice then overturned the arrest warrant against Seidler against the will of the Attorney General. A complaint against it was rejected in 1997 with the reference to the lack of credibility of the key witness nun. Seidler has been at large ever since. He was also exonerated from allegations of RAF membership , based solely on Nunne's statements. The arrest warrant against Andrea Klump was therefore also canceled. She was sentenced to prison for other terrorist crimes; charges for alleged RAF membership were dropped in 2001. In 2004, the investigation against Klump was also discontinued due to a lack of evidence and henceforth investigated against unknown persons.

Der Spiegel reported in 2009 that “the sensational turnaround [through Nonnes's statements] turned into a judicial farce that dragged on for years and ended in a disaster for the federal prosecutor.” The FAZ wrote on the same occasion: “Siegfried N. turned out to be one Psychopath whose confession was just as worthless as his later retraction. "

Further investigations and state of knowledge

Who murdered Alfred Herrhausen remains unclear. The investigation continues “against unknown persons”; At the end of 2014, there was no specific suspect. Again and again - without any specific indication - there was speculation about the possible involvement of Wolfgang Grams , who committed suicide while attempting to arrest Bad Kleinen in 1993 . There were just as few usable DNA traces on around 50 hairs found at the scene of the crime and examined in 2001 as in the letters confessing them that were examined again in 2009. According to the Federal Prosecutor's Office , the investigation into the Herrhausen case was intensified again in September 2007. A lead was also followed to the AGM / S special unit of the GDR Ministry for State Security , which was supposed to plan and carry out terrorist attacks in the Federal Republic . In 2014 Egmont R. Koch reported that a similar booby trap was used in the attack on René Moawad on November 22, 1989, which, according to Wolfgang Kraushaar, provides an indication that the RAF internationalized in the 1980s and possibly with the Palestinians The Liberation Front (PFLP) cooperated. In June 1988, the RAF had exchanged information on armor-piercing weapons with the Italian Brigate Rosse .

The contemporary historian Petra Terhoeven believes it is likely that the RAF used foreign know-how for this attack. The expert for the third RAF generation , the Regensburg political scientist Alexander Straßner , describes the widespread alternative attempts to explain an RAF phantom or an involvement of the GDR state security as “untenable” or “without any hints”. In 2019, Herrhausen's biographer Friederike Sattler pointed out the tension between the simple language of the letter of confession and the technical sophistication of the implementation, as well as the fact that the letter referred to a "shaped charge mine" while it was actually a projectile-forming explosive device. However, she described the speculation about the involvement of secret services as "based more on plausibility and fantasy [d] than on proven facts"; There is no “solid evidence” for this. Following Egmont R. Koch's research in 2014, despite the lack of concrete evidence of the perpetrators, she assumed "with a high degree of probability" that the attack was carried out by RAF members who were supported by the PFLP. At the same time, according to Sattler, referring to the research results of Regine Igels , the hypothesis, expressly marked as speculation, cannot be ruled out that the GDR state security, which was increasingly less controllable during the SED fall in power, provided support.

Commemoration

Federal Councilor, memorial hour for Alfred Herrhausen
Alfred Herrhausen House in Essen

The board of directors of Deutsche Bank called on employees for a funeral march through downtown Frankfurt on December 1. Over ten thousand people took part at lunchtime, along with employees from other banks, the CEOs of Dresdner Bank and Commerzbank and politicians. On December 2, masked RAF sympathizers showed banners like "Herrhausen the gangster - is now out of the window" at a demonstration in Frankfurt. In the first few days, Herrhausen's office manager received malicious anonymous calls to a number that was only known internally. Over the next few weeks, several confidants of Herrhausen had the impression that Herrhausen's death had brought "a certain relief" to the Deutsche Bank, as the designated new CEO, Hilmar Kopper, had announced a slower pace for the planned changes. For Herrhausen, a funeral mass was held on December 6, 1989 in Frankfurt Cathedral , in which the political leadership of the Federal Republic took part, including Chancellor and President as well as predecessors, members of the Federal Cabinet, Prime Minister, Henry Kissinger and business leaders. Horst Burgard , the longest-serving member of the Deutsche Bank Management Board, gave the funeral speech at the widow's request.

Deutsche Bank founded the non-profit Alfred Herrhausen Gesellschaft , a think tank that, as an international forum, deals with new forms of governance in the 21st century.

In Witten , Alfred-Herrhausen-Strasse at the University of Witten / Herdecke is named after him; In addition, the street in Eschborn near Frankfurt, where part of the IT department of Deutsche Bank is based, is named Alfred-Herrhausen-Allee. A Dr.-Alfred-Herrhausen-Allee can be found in the Niederrhein Business Park in Duisburg - Rheinhausen . The Alfred Herrhausen House in Brunnenstrasse, the seat of the “ Initiativkreis Ruhrgebiet ” in Essen , of which he was a co-founder, is named after him, as is a bridge in downtown Essen near the Essen main branch of Deutsche Bank. A bridge in Bad Homburg was also named after him.

Seven years after Herrhausen's death, a memorial designed by Friedrich Meyer was inaugurated on November 30, 1996 in the presence of the widow and the Lord Mayor of Bad Homburg, Wolfgang Assmann . On the three basalt columns there are quotes from Ingeborg Bachmann : “The truth is reasonable for people” and from Karl Popper : “Only there was social criticism crowned with success where people learned to appreciate foreign opinions and about their political goals to be humble and sober where they had learned that trying to make heaven on earth a reality all too easily turns earth into hell for mankind. "

reception

The documentary film Black Box BRD (2001) by Andres Veiel , which is told parallel to that of the RAF terrorist Wolfgang Grams , deals with Herrhausen's life . In 2002 Veiel published a non-fiction book of the same name, which reconstructs Herrhausen's life based on interviews with contemporary witnesses. The journalists Dieter Balkhausen and Andreas Platthaus have presented biographies on Herrhausen. Tanja Langer dealt with her relationship with Herrhausen in the novel in the clef, published in 2012, The day is bright, I'm writing to you . Carolin Emcke , Herrhausen's goddaughter, took the memory of the attack as the starting point for her dispute with the RAF, which was first published as a newspaper article in 2007 and expanded as a book under the title “Silent violence”. The attack was repeatedly a topic in the media, including the 2009 documentary Alfred Herrhausen: The Banker and the Bomb by Ulrich Neumann . On the 25th anniversary of the assassination, Egmont R. Koch researched the origin of the booby trap used in the ARD documentary Die Spur der Bombe: New Findings in the Herrhausen Murder Case and investigated international terror networks. The economic historian Friederike Sattler has been working on the Alfred Herrhausen monograph since 2010 . Manager and symbol of Rhenish capitalism . Her biography of Herrhausen was published in November 2019.

Fonts

  • The marginal utility as part of the marginal principle. Dissertation, University of Cologne, 1955.
  • Concepts for the future. Economic and regulatory alternatives. Mohr Siebeck, Tübingen 1987.
  • Thinking, organizing, creating. Speeches and essays. Edited by Kurt Weidemann . Siedler, Berlin 1990, ISBN 978-3-88680-399-6 (5th edition 1995, new edition 2005).

Magazine articles

  • Objectives and design options for long-term planning in credit institutions [address]. In: bank operations. Vol. 11, 1971, pp. 354-359.
  • with Martin Kohlhaussen , Rüdiger von Tresckow : Financial futures. In: Journal for the entire credit system. Vol. 38, 1985, No. 15, pp. 702-704.
  • Big banks and regulatory policy. In: The Bank . 1988, pp. 120-129.

literature

  • Dieter Balkhausen : Alfred Herrhausen. Power, politics and morals. Econ, Düsseldorf et al. 1990, ISBN 3-430-11144-7 .
  • Dieter Balkhausen: Alfred Herrhausen (1930-1989). In: Hans Pohl (Ed.): German bankers of the 20th century. Steiner, Stuttgart 2008, pp. 211-225.
  • Knut Borchardt : Memory of Alfred Herrhausen. In: Historisches Kolleg 1980–1990. Lectures on the occasion of the ten-year existence and in memory of Alfred Herrhausen on November 22, 1990 (= Writings of the Historical College: Documentations. Vol. 8). Historisches Kolleg Foundation, Munich 1991, pp. 15–22 (PDF).
  • Carolin Emcke : Silent violence. Thinking about the RAF. Fischer Taschenbuch, Frankfurt am Main 2009, ISBN 978-3-596-18033-2 .
  • Andreas Platthaus : Alfred Herrhausen. A German career. Rowohlt, Hamburg 2006, ISBN 978-3-499-62277-9 ( review by Tanja Langer , review by Rudolf Walther ).
  • Friederike Sattler: Deliberate stabilization of Deutschland AG? Alfred Herrhausen and the discourse about the “power of the banks”. In: Ralf Ahrens (ed.): The "Germany AG". Historical approaches to German capitalism (= Bochum writings on corporate and industrial history. Vol. 20). Klartext, Essen et al. 2013, pp. 221–246.
  • Friederike Sattler: Ernst Matthiensen and Alfred Herrhausen. Two ways to the top of major German banks. In: Werner Plumpe (Hrsg.): Entrepreneurs - facts and fictions. Historical-biographical studies (= writings of the Historical College: Colloquia. Vol. 88). Munich 2014, pp. 295–327.
  • Friederike Sattler: Herrhausen. Bankers, lateral thinkers, global players. A German life. Siedler, Munich 2019, ISBN 978-3-8275-0082-3 .
  • Sebastian Sigler : Alfred Herrhausen. Corps student and role model. In: then and now . Vol. 54, 2009, pp. 483-504.
  • Andres Veiel : Black Box BRD. Fischer, Frankfurt 2002, ISBN 3-596-15985-7 ( review notes on Black Box BRD at perlentaucher.de ).

documentation

Web links

Wikiquote: Alfred Herrhausen  - Quotes
Commons : Alfred Herrhausen  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Biographies

conversations

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ The murder of Alfred Herrhausen. SDR report from 1989. SWR2 archive radio
  2. ^ Entry at the German National Library.
  3. ↑ Diana Dittmer: The murder of Herrhausen remains a mystery. In: n-tv.de , November 28, 2014.
  4. ↑ Ex-boss Guth died. In: Manager Magazin , May 20, 2009.
  5. ↑ How Deutsche Bank Learned English. In: Wall Street Journal , Nov. 25, 2014.
  6. ↑ This man increases the problem . In: Der Spiegel . No. 11 , 1989, pp. 20-28 ( online - March 13, 1989 ).
  7. ↑ a b c d e Harald Freiberger: Alfred Herrhausen. The good person from the bank tower. In: Süddeutsche Zeitung , November 30, 2009.
  8. ↑ a b Alfred Herrhausen's crazy idea . In: Der Spiegel . No. 40 , 1988, pp. 136-140 ( Online - Oct. 3, 1988 ).
  9. ↑ Nina Grunenberg: With the fluid of the conqueror. In: Die Zeit , October 27, 1989.
  10. ↑ Tim Kanning: 20 years after death: Herrhausen's estate. In: Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung , November 30, 2009.
  11. ^ Georg S. Schneider: Alfred Herrhausen. In: Konrad-Adenauer-Stiftung , history of the CDU.
  12. ^ Andres Veiel: Black Box BRD. Alfred Herrhausen, Deutsche Bank, RAF and Wolfgang Grams. 2nd Edition. DVA, Stuttgart, Munich 2002, ISBN 3-421-05468-1 , p. 259 f.
  13. ↑ The banker and the student. In: Welt am Sonntag , August 19, 2012.
  14. ^ Andres Veiel: Black Box BRD. DVA, Stuttgart, Munich 2002, p. 118.
  15. ^ Andres Veiel: Black Box BRD. DVA, Stuttgart, Munich 2002, pp. 252-259.
  16. ↑ A reconstruction of the events can be found in Matthias Kliem (ed.): Das Herrhausen-Attentat in Bad Homburg. Contemporary witnesses report. Societäts-Medien, Frankfurt am Main 2011, in particular p. 13 f. With Andres Veiel: Black Box BRD. DVA, Stuttgart, Munich 2002, p. 9, is mentioned as the time of the offense 8:37.
  17. ↑ a b c Thomas Kirn: The unpunished murder. faz.net, November 30, 2009
  18. ↑ A shaped charge mine works according to the Munroe effect and has a more complicated structure
  19. ↑ a b letter of confession. In: Black-Box-BRD.de .
  20. ^ A b Carolin Emcke: Mute violence. In: Die Zeit , September 6, 2007.
  21. ^ Andres Veiel: Black Box BRD. Alfred Herrhausen, Deutsche Bank, RAF and Wolfgang Grams. DVA, Stuttgart, Munich 2002, pp. 10-13.
  22. ↑ a b Christoph Gunkel: Death in the light barrier. In: Spiegel Online , one day , November 30, 2009; Klump trial: OLG suspends charges of RAF membership. In: Frankfurter Rundschau , April 24, 2001.
  23. ^ German Bundestag: Minutes of the 71st meeting of the Interior Committee. December 7, 1989, p. 44.
  24. ^ Butz Peters : Deadly error. The history of the RAF. Argon, Berlin 2004, p. 654.
  25. ^ Butz Peters : Deadly error. The history of the RAF. Argon, Berlin 2004, p. 655 f.
  26. ↑ Gerd Rosenkranz : We were very German. In: Der Spiegel , October 13, 1997 (conversation with Birgit Hogefeld).
  27. ↑ Thorsten Schmitz : plain text. Conversation with Christian Klar on April 25, 1997. In: Süddeutsche Zeitung , again published in issue 11/2007 of SZ-Magazin.
  28. ^ Eva Haule: To the article by Jürgen Elsässer in the jw from 22./23. 9. 2007 ( memento of September 16, 2016 in the Internet Archive ). Letter to the editor. In: Junge Welt . October 4, 2007. Online in: Political-Prisoners.net. The letter is picked up by Dirk Banse , Sven Felix Kellerhoff : The secret of the last fatal RAF attack. In: Die Welt , April 1, 2011; Petra Terhoeven : The Red Army Faction. A history of terrorist violence. CH Beck, Munich 2017, ISBN 978-3-406-71235-7 , p. 105.
  29. ↑ a b Bundestag printed paper 13/754 of March 9, 1995: Federal Government's response to the Greens' minor inquiry.
  30. ↑ Aqueous phase . In: Der Spiegel . No. 11 , 1992, pp. 53-57 ( Online - Mar. 9, 1992 ).
  31. ↑ a b Bundestag printed paper 13/533 of February 13, 1995: Small question from the Green parliamentary group: Key witness Siegfried Nonne and the role of the security authorities.
  32. ↑ Paul Kohl : "We definitely know who the perpetrators were." The attack on Alfred Herrhausen. Reconstruction of a blurring of tracks. Feature, co-production DLF / SR / SFB / WDR, broadcast date January 7, 1997, 7:15 pm (manuscript, PDF, 97 kB, 27 pages); Sound recording on YouTube .
  33. ↑ a b Thomas Kleine-Brockhoff: Christoph Seidler and the doubts of justice. In: Die Zeit , January 17, 1997.
  34. ↑ The arrest warrant for the murder of Dr. Herrhausen accused Christoph Seidler remains suspended. Press release of the Federal Court of Justice No. 3, January 17, 1997.
  35. ^ Herrhausen attack: investigations against Andrea Klump stopped. In: Frankfurter Rundschau , December 7, 2004.
  36. ↑ Christoph Gunkel: Death in the light barrier. In: Spiegel Online , one day, November 30, 2009.
  37. ↑ Take seeks unknown. In: Die Tageszeitung , December 6, 2004 ( DPA report).
  38. ^ 25 years ago: murder of Alfred Herrhausen. In: Federal Agency for Civic Education , Current Background, November 27, 2014.
  39. ↑ See the respective press reports about the investigations, which were not confirmed: Investigators are looking for members of the RAF successor organization. ( Memento from December 20, 2016 in the Internet Archive ) In: Sächsische Zeitung , May 20, 2001 ( DPA report); Sven Felix Kellerhoff , Uwe Müller: New investigation in the Herrhausen case. In: Die Welt , November 30, 2009.
  40. ↑ Lisa Erdmann: RAF attack: Investigators examine Stasi involvement in Herrhausen murder. In: Spiegel Online , September 17, 2007.
  41. ↑ Friedbert Meurer : ARD documentary about the Herrhausen murder case: Political scientist considers PFLP support for the RAF to be plausible. In: Deutschlandfunk , December 1, 2014 ( YouTube ).
  42. ^ Andres Veiel: Black Box BRD. DVA, Stuttgart, Munich 2002, pp. 255 f.
  43. ^ Petra Terhoeven: The Red Army faction. A history of terrorist violence. CH Beck, Munich 2017, ISBN 978-3-406-71235-7 , p. 104.
  44. ↑ Alexander Straßner : The third generation of the "Red Army Fraction". Formation, structure, functional logic and disintegration of a terrorist organization. Westdeutscher Verlag, Wiesbaden 2003, ISBN 3-531-14114-7 (also dissertation, University of Passau, 2002), p. 159–163 , citations p. 162 f.
  45. ^ Friederike Sattler: Herrhausen. Bankers, lateral thinkers, global players. Siedler, Munich 2019, pp. 626–628.
  46. ↑ Tim Kanning: 20 years after death: Herrhausen's estate. In: Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung , November 30, 2009; Friederike Sattler: Herrhausen. Bankers, lateral thinkers, global players. Siedler, Munich 2019, pp. 623–625.
  47. ↑ Peter Gillies : Herrhausen, the exceptional banker. In: Die Welt , November 28, 2009.
  48. ^ Matthias Kliem (ed.): The Herrhausen assassination attempt in Bad Homburg. Contemporary witnesses report. Societäts-Medien, Frankfurt am Main 2011, p. 112 f.
  49. ^ Thomas Moser: Political Literature. Andreas Veiel: Black Box BRD. In: Deutschlandfunk , December 23, 2002.
  50. ↑ Books: Reading and Learning. In: Manager Magazin , May 25, 2001; Henry Bernhard : Representative of a "moral" capitalism. A biography about Alfred Herrhausen. In: Deutschlandfunk , May 29, 2006.
  51. ↑ Volker Heigenmooser: Crossing borders: About Tanja Langer's novel "The day is bright, I write to you". In: Literaturkritik.de , September 19, 2012.
  52. ^ Carolin Emcke: Mute violence. In: Die Zeit , September 6, 2007; this: "silent violence". Thinking about the RAF. With contributions by Winfried Hassemer and Wolfgang Kraushaar . S. Fischer, Frankfurt am Main 2008, ISBN 978-3-10-017017-0 . See Andreas Platthaus : Carolin Emcke about the RAF: Sender of a message in a bottle. In: Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung , May 31, 2008.
  53. ↑ Catalog entry at the GBV .
  54. ^ Michael Hanfeld : Murder of Alfred Herrhausen: The alliance of terror. In: Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung , November 30, 2014 ( YouTube ).
  55. ^ Project presentation at the Goethe University in Frankfurt am Main . See the sketch by Friederike Sattler: Alfred Herrhausen - manager and symbolic figure of Rhenish capitalism. In: Akademie Aktuell . No. 3, 2011, pp. 36-39 (PDF) .
  56. ↑ Printed by Gero von Boehm : Alfred Herrhausen. November 28, 1989. In: Encounters. Images of man from three decades. Heyne, Munich 2012, ISBN 978-3-89910-443-1 , pp. 229-238.
personal data
SURNAME Herrhausen, Alfred
BRIEF DESCRIPTION German bank manager and board spokesman for Deutsche Bank
DATE OF BIRTH January 30, 1930
PLACE OF BIRTH eat
DATE OF DEATH November 30, 1989
Place of death Bad Homburg vor der Höhe