2,4-dinitrotoluene
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| General | ||||||||||||||||
| Surname | 2,4-dinitrotoluene | |||||||||||||||
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| Molecular formula | C 7 H 6 N 2 O 4 | |||||||||||||||
| Brief description |
yellow, needle-shaped crystals |
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| properties | ||||||||||||||||
| Molar mass | 182.14 g mol −1 | |||||||||||||||
| Physical state |
firmly |
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| density |
1.52 g cm −3 |
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| Melting point |
70 ° C |
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| boiling point |
thermal decomposition:> 250 ° C |
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| solubility |
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| safety instructions | ||||||||||||||||
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| Authorization procedure under REACH |
of particular concern : carcinogenic ( CMR ); subject to approval |
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| MAK |
repealed as carcinogenic |
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| As far as possible and customary, SI units are used. Unless otherwise noted, the data given apply to standard conditions . | ||||||||||||||||
2,4-Dinitrotoluene is a toluene which is nitro -substituted in the ortho and para positions . The structure consists of a benzene ring with a methyl group (-CH 3 ) and two nitro groups (-NO 2 ) as substituents . It belongs to the group of dinitrotoluenes , a group of six constitutional isomers .
presentation
2,4-Dinitrotoluene is formed as an intermediate product in the nitration of the o - and p - nitrotoluene .
It is often further nitrated to trinitrotoluene (TNT) .
properties
2,4-Dinitrotoluene forms yellow, needle-shaped crystals. In the mixture of isomers it is a brown oil. 2,4-Dinitrotoluene is almost insoluble in water and poorly soluble in acetone and chloroform . It reacts with bases, strong reducing agents and with some metals. 2,4-Dinitrotoluene is oxidized to 2,4-Dinitrobenzoic acid with sodium dichromate in sulfuric acid.
use
2,4-Dinitrotoluene is used as an energetic plasticizer in gunpowder . The only important of the six dinitrotoluenes is 2,4-dinitrotoluene, a raw material for dyes and polyurethane .
safety instructions
2,4-Dinitrotoluene is considered to be carcinogenic, is possibly teratogenic and mutagenic. It has great carcinogenic potential. It can be absorbed through skin absorption and leads to changes in the blood pigment in humans, which can lead to kidney and liver damage.
Chemically related explosives
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b Entry on Dinitrotoluenes. In: Römpp Online . Georg Thieme Verlag, accessed on December 22, 2014.
- ↑ a b c d e f g h Entry on 2,4-dinitrotoluene in the GESTIS substance database of the IFA , accessed on January 8, 2020(JavaScript required) .
- ↑ a b H: Félix-Rivera, ML Ramírez-Cedeño, RA Sánchez-Cuprill, SP Hernández-Rivera: Triacetone triperoxide thermogravimetric study of vapor pressure and enthalpy of sublimation in 303–338 K temperature range , in: Thermochim. Acta , 2011 , 514 , pp. 37-43 ( doi : 10.1016 / j.tca.2010.11.034 ).
- ↑ Entry on 2,4-dinitrotoluene in the Classification and Labeling Inventory of the European Chemicals Agency (ECHA), accessed on August 1, 2016. Manufacturers or distributors can expand the harmonized classification and labeling .
- ↑ Entry in the SVHC list of the European Chemicals Agency , accessed on July 16, 2014.
- ↑ Entry in the register of substances subject to authorization of the European Chemicals Agency , accessed on July 16, 2014.
- ^ Streitwieser / Heathcock: Organische Chemie , 1st edition, Verlag Chemie, Weinheim 1980, ISBN 3-527-25810-8 , p. 1042.
literature
- Beilstein E IV 5, 865
- Ullmann (4th) 17, 392, 412
