Richard Huelsenbeck

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Richard Huelsenbeck (1920)

Richard Huelsenbeck (actually Carl Wilhelm Richard Hülsenbeck , in the Anglo-Saxon language he later referred to himself as Charles Richard Hulbeck ; * April 23, 1892 in Frankenau ; † April 20, 1974 in Muralto , Switzerland) was a German writer , poet, narrator, essayist, Playwright, doctor and psychoanalyst . He received his strongest response as a co-founder and important chronicler of Dadaism .

Life

Richard Huelsenbeck was born as the son of the village pharmacist on Frankenauer Lindenstrasse and grew up in Dortmund and Bochum from 1894 on. In the library of his grandfather, the surveyor Christian Fink, he read books about James Cook's travels, Marco Polo , Plutarch , Dante and Petrarch . Richard Huelsenbeck was initially very impressed by Heinrich Heine . Heine's work stimulated him to become a writer. He studied medicine , philosophy, German and art history in Paris , Zurich , Berlin , Greifswald , Münster and Munich . From 1914 he lived in Berlin, in 1916 he went to Zurich as a conscientious objector .

There Huelsenbeck worked with Cabaret Voltaire and became a co-founder of the Dada movement . Other participants were Hugo Ball , Emmy Hennings , Hans Arp , Marcel Janco and Tristan Tzara . In 1917 Huelsenbeck went back to Berlin, where he again founded a Dada group with Else Hadwiger , George Grosz and Raoul Hausmann . In 1918 he wrote his Dadaist Manifesto , which was signed by most of the representatives of this direction; in addition to the aforementioned contributors to Cabaret Voltaire , these included Franz Jung , George Grosz, Gerhard Preiss and Raoul Hausmann.

Memorial plaque on the house at Lessingstrasse 12, Berlin-Steglitz
Tomb with a Huelsenherz, photographed at the Dada Festival in Dortmund on his 125th birthday and the 100th anniversary of Dada

However, a controversy developed with Kurt Schwitters , whom Huelsenbeck called an "abstract Spitzweg , which Caspar David Friedrich of the Dadaist revolution" called, while Schwitters polemically referred to him as "Hülsendada" ( Merz essay from December 19, 1920). The background to the dispute was probably Huelsenbeck's left-wing political commitment, which did not go well with Schwitters' formal and playful approach. Huelsenbeck took part in the First International Dada Fair in Berlin in the summer of 1920. He also emerged as one of the critics of Expressionism - Huelsenbeck accused this style of bourgeoisisation and a tendency towards aestheticization, and criticized its tendency towards abstraction. With this demarcation he endeavored to profile Dadaism.

As early as the early 1920s, Huelsenbeck largely left the art movement. Long trips followed as a ship's doctor for Hapag-Lloyd and as a foreign correspondent for major newspapers.

In 1936 he emigrated with his wife Beate Wolff, b. Löchelt, their son Thomas and their stepdaughter, who according to the National Socialist definition was “ half-Jewish ”, went to New York in the USA . A letter of recommendation from Albert Einstein meant that he did not have to take the medical exam. He worked as a psychiatrist and psychoanalyst under the name Charles R. Hulbeck. When interest in the Dada movement reawakened after the Second World War, he published again writings on Dadaism in which he related Dada to existentialism . In 1958 he visited his birthplace Frankenau for the first time after his exile and wrote an article about this visit for the FAZ . In 1959 a memorial plaque was placed on the house where he was born in Frankenau to commemorate his first visit.

Since 1967 he was a member of the German Academy for Language and Poetry . In 1970 he returned to Europe and lived in Ticino until his death . At documenta 8 in Kassel in 1987, recordings by Richard Huelsenbeck were presented as an official contribution to the exhibition as part of the Archeology of Acoustic Art 2: Dada Music .

Huelsenbeck is buried in the south-west cemetery in Dortmund .

Literature Museum

  • Richard Huelsenbeck Literature Museum. Frankenau.

Works

Cover for En avant Dada. The History of Dadaism (1920)
  • Shalabai shalamezomai . Zurich: Collection Dada, 1916.
  • Fantastic prayers. Zurich: Collection Dada, 1916.
  • Aztecs or the bang-bang. A military novella. Berlin: Reuss and Pollak, 1918.
  • Transformations . Munich: Roland, 1918.
  • Dada Almanac. Berlin: Reiss, 1920 (editor).
  • En avant Dada. The history of Dadaism . Paul Steegemann, Hanover and Leipzig 1920.
  • Dada wins! A balance sheet of Dadaism. Berlin: Malik, 1920.
  • Germany must go under! Memories of an old Dadaist revolutionary . Berlin: Malik, 1920.
  • Doctor cheap in the end. Munich: Wolff, 1921.
  • Africa in sight. A travel report about foreign countries and adventurous people. Dresden: Jess, 1928.
  • The leap to the east. Report of a cargo steamer trip to Japan, China and India . Dresden: Jess, 1928.
  • China eats people . Zurich / Leipzig: Orell Füssli, 1930.
  • with Günter Weisenborn : Why does Ms. Balsam laugh? . Berlin: S. Fischer, 1932.
  • The dream of great happiness . Berlin: S. Fischer, 1933.
  • The New York Cantatas . Cantates New Yorkaises . Paris / New York: Berggruen, 1952.
  • The answer of the deep . Wiesbaden: Limes, 1954.
  • With wit, light and grits . On the trail of Dadaism. Wiesbaden: Limes, 1957.
  • with Hans Arp and Tristan Tzara : Dada. The birth of Dada. Seal and Chronicle of the Founders. Zurich: Arche, 1957.
  • Sexuality and personality. Development and importance of mental healing methods. Frankfurt am Main: Ullstein, 1959.
  • Dada. A literary documentation . Reinbek near Hamburg: Rowohlt, 1964 (editor).
  • Memoirs of a Dada Drummer. Edited by Hans J. Kleinschmidt. New York: The Viking Press, 1974
  • Travel to the end of freedom. Autobiographical Fragments . From the estate, ed. by Ulrich Karthaus and Horst Krüger. Heidelberg: Lambert Schneider, 1984. ISBN 3-7953-0228-5
  • The Black Point sun. A romance novel from the tropics. Edited by Herbert Kapfer and Lisbeth Exner . Munich: Belleville, 1996. ISBN 3-923646-45-3
  • Karl Riha (Ed.) Richard Huelsenbeck Reading Book , Aisthesis Bielefeld, 2008 ISBN 978-3-89528-673-5
  • Dada logic 1913-1972. Edited by Herbert Kapfer. Munich: Belleville, 2012. ISBN 978-3-943157-05-5

Radio play adaptations

literature

Web links

Commons : Richard Huelsenbeck  - Collection of pictures, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Wolfgang U. Eckart : Richard Huelsenbeck , In: Wolfgang U. Eckart and Christoph Gradmann (eds.): Ärztelexikon. From antiquity to the present , 1st edition 1995 CH Beck'sche Verlagsbuchhandlung München pp. 198 + 199, 2nd edition 2001 p. 171, 3rd edition 2006 Springer Verlag Heidelberg, Berlin, New York p. 178+ 179. Medical glossary 2006 , doi : 10.1007 / 978-3-540-29585-3 .
  2. ↑ Uwe Henrik Peters: Psychiatry in Exile: The Emigration of Dynamic Psychiatry from Germany 1933-1939. Kupka, Düsseldorf 1992, ISBN 3-926567-04-X , p. 289.
  3. ↑ Karl Riha: Richard Huelsenbeck reading book . Nylands Kleine Westfälische Bibliothek 18, Cologne, Aisthesis Verlag 2008, p. 119
  4. ^ BR radio play Pool-Huelsenbeck, Doctor Cheap at the end
personal data
SURNAME Huelsenbeck, Richard
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Hulbeck, Charles R .; Hülsenbeck, Richard; Hülsenbeck, Carl Wilhelm Richard (full name)
BRIEF DESCRIPTION German writer, poet, narrator, essayist, playwright, doctor and psychoanalyst
DATE OF BIRTH April 23, 1892
PLACE OF BIRTH Frankenau
DATE OF DEATH April 20, 1974
Place of death Muralto , Switzerland