Danger

This article deals with hazards in terms of occupational safety. For the biological meaning see endangered species , for the legal one see: Endangerment report .

Warning of a hazardous point DIN 4844-2

A hazard as a technical term means the possibility that a protected asset ( person , animal, thing or natural basis of life) can coincide spatially and / or temporally with a source of danger . The fact that the danger takes effect leads to damage such as injury, illness, death, or loss of function.

As defined in ISO / IEC Guide 51, hazard is a potential source of damage .

The identification of the hazard serves to protect and avert danger .

Definitions

• EN ISO 12100-1 : 2003-4: potential source of damage

EN ISO 12100-1 / 2 have been replaced by EN ISO 12100 (2011-03)!

• EN 61508-4 (August 2002) or VDE 0803 Part 4 Functional safety of electrical / electronic / programmable electronic safety-related systems :
  • 3.1.2 Hazard (s: hazard): potential source of damage
• DIN 2001 medical products :
  • 2.3 Endangerment - potential source of damage

The injury-causing factor behind a hazard is the physical process from which the specific hazard originates. This is e.g. B. With unsecured cargo the potential energy and the kinetic energy of the unsecured parts, with the hot surface the thermal energy , etc.

Osh

In occupational health and safety , endangerment refers to any source of a work-related accident or work-related impairment of health . What is meant here are the effects of harmful substances, energies and the loads that have a detrimental effect on the worker from the working environment.

Such hazards are caused by various causes. The German Federal Institute for Occupational Safety and Health calls

• Defects in the design of the workplace regarding
  • Workplace
  • Workplace
  • Work equipment (machines, tools)
  • Working materials ( material )
• physical, chemical and biological effects
• Defects in personal protective equipment due to selection, use or damage
• Deficiencies in work organization
• Deficiencies in the qualification and ability of the worker

The observation, determination and reduction of hazards is an essential task of work design . The hazards that exist at a specific workplace are recorded in a risk assessment .

List of hazards in occupational safety

Extract from the list of hazards of the German professional associations / accident insurance companies :

1. Mechanical hazards
   1. Pinch and shear points
   2. Traps and openly moving machine parts
   3. unsecured cargo
   4. Falling / tripping hazard
   5. crash
   6. Risk of cuts
2. Electrical hazards
   1. Dangerous body currents
   2. electric arc
3. Hazardous substances (see also H and P phrases and GHS )
   1. Toxic and carcinogenic chemical substances
   2. harmful chemical substances
   3. Displacement of breathing air
4. Biological hazards
   1. Microorganisms and viruses
   2. Bacteria and fungi
5. Fire and explosion hazards (see also H and P phrases )
   1. Gas explosions
   2. Dust explosions
   3. Deflagrations
   4. Explosives
6. Pressure (release of stored energy)
7. Thermal hazards
   1. Hot media
   2. Cold media
8. Physical loads (except mechanical, electrical, thermal)
   1. noise
   2. Whole body vibrations
   3. Hand arm vibrations
   4. UV radiation
   5. Radioactivity and ionizing radiation
   6. electromagnetic fields
   7. Working in positive or negative pressure
9. Physical loads
   1. Heavy lifting and carrying
10. Hazard from working environment conditions
    1. climate
    2. lighting
    3. Space requirements and traffic routes
11. Stress from perception and manageability
    1. Decreased awareness
    2. Lack of ergonomics
12. Other hazards and loads
    1. Personal protective equipment (PPE)
    2. Skin stress
13. Psycho-mental stress
    1. Work activity
    2. Work organization
    3. Social conditions
14. Organizational shortcomings
    1. workflow
    2. working time
    3. qualification
    4. Instruction
    5. responsibility
    6. Small number of first aiders
    7. Small number of safety officers , specialists for occupational safety
    8. Deficits regarding adolescents , expectant or breastfeeding mothers , the disabled , performance-modified and older workers
    9. Missing operating instruction (s)

The Federal Office for Civil Protection and Disaster Assistance has developed in 2005 as a plant for nationwide risk assessment a reference catalog of hazard classes.

See also

• Occupational safety
• Company doctor
• Fire protection officer
• Health protection
• Endangering offense
• Hazardous damage
• Key indicator method for determining the physical workload involved in lifting, holding, carrying, pulling and pushing loads

Web links

Commons : Warning signs  - collection of images, videos and audio files

Commons : Hazard symbols, ECB 67/548 / EEC, WHMIS, etc.  - Collection of pictures, videos and audio files

Wiktionary: endangerment  - explanations of meanings, word origins, synonyms, translations

• Mechanical hazard , Institute for Occupational Safety and Health of the German Statutory Accident Insurance (IFA) (dead link)
• Guide to determining risk-related occupational safety measures in the company , Federal Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (BAuA)

Individual evidence

1. ↑ S. Kirchberg et al. (1997): Determination of hazard-related occupational safety measures in the company. Series of publications by the Federal Institute for Occupational Safety and Health No. S42, ISBN 3-894-29836-7 , page 5.
2. ↑ Federal Association of Accident Insurance Funds (ed.): GUV rule - principles of prevention. GUV-R A 1 edition May 2006, (PDF; 464 kB) , p. 16.
3. ↑ BBK: Method for Risk Analysis in Civil Protection. 2010, (PDF 1.38 MB) , accessed on February 2, 2013, Appendix 3, pp. 64–67.