Key feature method

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The key indicator methods (short form LMM; English Key Indicator Method , short form KIM) are tools for determining the actually (objectively) existing physical workload. There are currently six key indicator methods for the physical stress types "manual lifting, holding and carrying of loads" (LMM-HHT), "manual pulling and pushing of loads" (LMM-ZS), "manual work processes" (LMM-MA), "exercise of whole body forces "(LMM-GK)," body locomotion "(LMM-KB) and" forced body postures "(LMM-KH), which are available in German and English.

history

The key indicator methods originated from Council Directive 90/269 / EEC of 29 May 1990 on the minimum requirements for safety and health protection in the manual handling of loads that pose a risk to the lumbar spine in particular for workers .

The first key feature method "LMM-HHT" was published in 2001, the LMM-ZS in 2002 and the LMM-MA in 2012. In October 2019 the three further developed key indicator methods "LMM-HHT", "LMM-ZS" and "LMM-MA" as well as the three new key indicator methods "LMM-GK", "LMM-KB" and "LMM-KH" will be from the BAuA has been issued.

The key indicator methods were developed by the Federal Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (BAuA) with various research partners and are then coordinated with the State Committee for Occupational Safety and Health (LASI) so that the activities of employees can be carried out using the key indicator methods in accordance with the requirements of the Load Handling Ordinance Let it be designed in a humane manner. The key indicator methods belong to the screening process level for assessing and structuring working conditions (risk assessment) in the case of physical workloads, are used internationally and are recognized by social and accident insurances.

Internationally, ISO 11228 defines the lifting, holding, carrying, pulling and pushing of loads. The European standard is EN 1005 .

Elevation

The risk assessment is carried out in the case of physical workloads for:

  • manual lifting, holding and carrying of loads
  • manual pulling and pushing of loads
  • manual work processes
  • Exercise full body strength
  • Body locomotion
  • Forced postures

Explanation of the survey principle using the example of the key indicator method "lifting, holding and carrying" (LMM-HHT): In the first step, the four key features are recorded methodically:

  • Duration / frequency
  • Load weight
  • Posture and
  • Execution conditions

Subsequently, the assessment of the key features is used to evaluate each partial activity based on an activity-related point value and the calculation by adding the weightings of the key features and multiplication with the time weighting.

Gender calculation

On average, women have about two thirds of the physical capabilities of men. These gender-related differences are essentially due to different body dimensions, physical performance requirements, biomechanical resilience and work-related compensation mechanisms. In order to take this into account for health reasons ("physical integrity") in activities with physical workloads, for example, the determination of the load weighting for the key indicator method manual lifting, holding and carrying of loads (LMM-HHT) is carried out separately using the corresponding LMM table Men and women, with women getting a higher score for the same load weight. With the key indicator method manual pulling and pushing of loads (LMM-ZS), the LMM intermediate point value calculated for men is completely multiplied by a factor of 1.3 for women. With the key feature method manual exercise of whole-body strength (LMM-GK), the male-related total strength weighting for women is multiplied by a factor of 1.5. And with the key feature method manual body movement (LMM-KB), the LMM intermediate point value calculated for men is completely multiplied by a factor of 1.3 for women or for female employees.

See also

literature

  • Ulf Steinberg, H.-J. Windberg: lifting and carrying without harm . Ed .: BAuA . 6th unchanged edition. Dortmund 2011, ISBN 978-3-88261-594-4 ( PDF; 577 kB [accessed on May 26, 2013]).
  • Ulf Steinberg, Gustav Caffier, Falk Liebers, Sylvia Behrendt: Pulling and pushing without damage . Ed .: BAuA . 4th unchanged edition. Dortmund 2008, ISBN 978-3-88261-595-1 ( PDF; 638 kB [accessed on May 26, 2013]).
  • U. Steinberg, F. Liebers, A. Klußmann, Hj. Gebhardt, MA Rieger, S. Behrendt, U. Latza: Key feature method manual work processes 2011 . Report on testing, validation and revision. Ed .: BAuA . 1st edition. Dortmund / Berlin / Dresden 2012, ISBN 978-3-88261-722-1 ( PDF; 6.6 MB [accessed on May 26, 2013]).
  • F. Brandstädt, D. Ditchen, Hj. Gebhardt, B. Hartmann, M. Jäger, M. Keuchel, A. Klußmann, K.-H. Lang, F. Liebers, C. Mühlemeyer, A. Schäfer, P. Schultz, M. Schust, P. Serafin, A. Sinn-Behrendt, U. Steinberg, B. Weber, F. Wunderlich: MEGAPHYS - multi-level risk analysis of physical stress in the workplace (Volume 1) . Edited by BAuA. 1st edition. Dortmund 2019, DOI: 10.21934 / baua: bericht20190821 ( PDF, 55 MB [accessed on October 20, 2019]).

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Risk assessment with key indicator method. BAuA , accessed on November 4, 2019 .
  2. ↑ a b c Key feature method for assessing and structuring loads when manually lifting, holding and carrying loads ≥ 3 kg (LMM-HHT) Version 2019. BAuA , accessed on November 4, 2019 .
  3. ↑ a b Key feature method for assessing and designing loads when manually pulling and pushing loads (LMM-ZS) Version 2019. BAuA , accessed on November 4, 2019 .
  4. ↑ Key feature method for assessing and structuring loads in manual work processes (LMM-MA) Version 2019. BAuA , accessed on November 4, 2019 .
  5. ↑ a b Key feature method for assessing and structuring loads when exercising full-body strength (LMM-GK) Version 2019. BAuA , accessed on November 4, 2019 .
  6. ↑ a b Key feature method for assessing and structuring loads during body locomotion (LMM-KB) Version 2019. BAuA , accessed on November 4, 2019 .
  7. ↑ Key feature method for assessing and structuring loads in forced postures (LMM-KH) Version 2019. BAuA , accessed on November 4, 2019 .
  8. ↑ Council Directive 90/269 / EEC of May 29, 1990 on the minimum requirements for safety and health protection for the manual handling of loads . In: European Union (Ed.): EUR-Lex . June 27, 2007 ( PDF; 64 kB (PDF) [accessed on May 1, 2013]).
  9. ↑ The KIM instrument - key feature method. EU-OSHA , archived from the original on November 6, 2013 ; accessed on September 23, 2019 .
  10. ↑ a b International Social Security Association (Ed.): Manual load handling - lifting, holding, carrying, pulling, pushing . Verlag Technik & Information eK, Bochum 2010, ISBN 978-3-941441-57-6 ( PDF; 750 kB (web archive) [accessed on December 8, 2015]).
  11. ↑ a b Load handling. Federal Ministry of Labor and Social Affairs , October 23, 2015, accessed on December 15, 2015 .
  12. ^ German statutory accident insurance (ed.): Instructions for use in preventive occupational medicine . July 2009 ( dguv.de [PDF; 705  kB ; accessed on April 2, 2013] BGI / GUV-I 504-46).
  13. ↑ Federal Ministry of Labor, Social Affairs and Consumer Protection (Ed.): Manual load handling lifting, holding, carrying . Vienna September 2013 ([ Arbeitsinspektion.gv.at ( Memento from February 21, 2015 in the Internet Archive )] [PDF; 1.9  MB ; accessed on September 23, 2019]).
  14. ↑ WorkSaveNB (Ed.): Ergonomics Guidelines for Manual Handling . 2nd Edition. 2010 (English, worksafenb.ca [PDF; 1.5 MB ; accessed on April 2, 2013]).
  15. ↑ a b State Committee for Occupational Safety and Health (Ed.): Instructions for the assessment of working conditions when pulling and pushing loads . LV 29. Saarbrücken 2002, ISBN 3-936415-25-0 ( PDF; 1.7 MB [accessed December 8, 2015]).
  16. ↑ a b Josef Kerschhagl: Basics - manual load handling . Ed .: Central Labor Inspectorate. Vienna July 24, 2001 ([ Arbeitsinspektion.gv.at ( Memento from September 7, 2012 in the Internet Archive )] [PDF; 696 kB ; accessed on September 23, 2019]).
  17. ↑ State Committee for Occupational Safety and Health (Ed.): Instructions for the assessment of working conditions when lifting and carrying loads . 4th edition. LV 9. Saarbrücken 2001, ISBN 3-9807775-0-2 ( PDF; 1 MB [accessed December 8, 2015]).