Gottfried von One

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Gottfried von One (1966)

Gottfried von Eine (born January 24, 1918 in Bern ; † July 12, 1996 in Oberdürnbach , Lower Austria ) was an Austrian " composer " (according to his own name). He was posthumously honored as Righteous Among the Nations at Yad Vashem .

Life and musical language

The broken one after Nestroy . Cast sheet for the premiere in 1964 at the Hamburg State Opera . Production: Oscar Fritz Schuh , Conductor: Wolfgang Sawallisch , Kathi: Edith Mathis

Gottfried von Eine was considered the son of the Austrian military attaché and later General William von Eine and his wife (since 1911) Gerta-Luise (* January 20, 1889 - March 3, 1964; daughter of the Prussian Lieutenant General Hermann Rieß von Scheurnschloß ). One said he was the middle of three sons of the couple. Only during a Gestapo interrogation in prison does he claim to have found out that his mother gave birth to him as the illegitimate child of the Hungarian Count László Mária Bonaventúra Péter Hunyady of Kéthely (born July 15, 1876 in Kéthely ; † March 18, 1927 in Khartoum ) who was killed by a wounded lion while hunting.

One came from a conservative - monarchist family with a military tradition. In 1921 the family moved to Malente-Gremsmühlen in Schleswig-Holstein . One saw his parents only about six weeks a year and was raised by servants: “My childhood was pretty bad. [...] Three boys in a house of 22 rooms, with a tutor, housekeeper and everything else that is good and expensive, and the parents never there. ”At the age of six he received his first piano lessons from the then village school teacher Kahl. He had wanted to become a composer since he was seven. From 1928 on, he first attended the state educational institution in Plön , where he was a student of the music teacher Edgar Rabsch .

One parent was in contact with many important people and institutions. His mother, who, according to Einems, was “an extremely energetic, committed woman who operated with great charm”, had been friends with Olga and Paula Göring, Hermann Göring's two sisters, since childhood . On the other hand, Gerta-Luise von Eine met Winston Churchill on a visit to London and helped German and Austrian Jews to emigrate to Switzerland . Gerta-Luise von Eine is described as an elegant woman of the world. She was restless traveling all her life. She frequented the so-called highest circles - among artists, businessmen and statesmen. Gerta-Luise von Eine was first involved in a bribery affair in Czechoslovakia in 1926. The head of the National Socialist German Abwehr Wilhelm Canaris is said to have used her as an agent in 1935. From 1937 she worked with Otto Abetz , Ribbentrop's personal confidante in Paris, and was sentenced to death in absentia in 1940 by a French military court for espionage and bribery. After the occupation of France , Gerta-Luise von Eine returned to Paris. Eventually she was arrested in Brussels and sentenced to death by the People's Court for crimes that have not yet been resolved, whereupon she disappeared without a trace. After the end of the Second World War, Gerta-Luise von Eine was found in Bavaria. She was extradited to France and acquitted of espionage in 1948 by a Paris court.

After the conversion of the Plön school into a national political educational institution , he attended the Lauenburg School of Academics in Ratzeburg until 1937 . He received professional lessons from Käthe Schlotfeldt (later Kieckbusch), a 19-year-old graduate of the Kiel Conservatory . She showed him “what an artist can be”. Young Gottfried received sheet music and other musical utensils in abundance from his parents. So he was encouraged to compose himself.

In 1937 he was called up for military service in Vienna and after 14 days was classified as unfit for service, thanks to his friendly contacts with Werner Egk , who influenced this in the Reichsmusikkammer . This ensured that von Eine would be placed in the UK until the end of the war and not drafted into military service . In 1937 he moved to Berlin . Instead of going to the Hochschule für Musik, as planned, in 1938 he went to the Staatsoper Berlin as a répétiteur and from 1941 took composition lessons with Boris Blacher , who later became his permanent advisor and librettist. His Opus 1, Princess Turandot , originates from the Berlin period and was created at the suggestion of his friend Werner Egk. In 1945 he hid from the Gestapo investigations in Ramsau near Schladming. Here he experienced the liberation and was appointed the local police chief by the occupying forces. From 1946 he worked as an advisor to the board of directors of the Salzburg Festival. With the opera Dantons Tod after Georg Büchner , which premiered on August 6, 1947 at the Salzburg Festival , he achieved his international breakthrough.

From 1953 von Eine lived in Vienna . From 1948 to 1951 and 1954 to 1964 he was a member of the board of directors of the Salzburg Festival. From 1963 to 1972 he was professor of composition at the Vienna University of Music . After 1973 he spent most of his time in the rural surroundings of the Waldviertel .

One of a musical language is moderately modern and largely tonal . A focus of his work is in the field of musical drama and opera. His greatest successes include the operas The Trial (based on Franz Kafka , premiered in Salzburg in 1953) and The Visit of the Old Lady (based on the play of the same name by Friedrich Dürrenmatt , premiered in Vienna in 1971). On October 24, 1975, his cantata An die Nachgeborben was performed in New York on the occasion of the 30th anniversary of the United Nations.

From a grave in the Hietzinger Friedhof

With his composition teacher Boris Blacher, one met the pianist Lianne von Bismarck in 1941, who received composition lessons there. In 1946 he married her. After her sudden death (1962), Eine married the writer Lotte Ingrisch in 1966 , on whose texts many of his later works are based, including the mystery opera Jesu Hochzeit , which premiered in 1980 in Vienna, as well as the German premiere in Hanover, triggered a theatrical scandal. In 1983 the Munich Symphony premiered. In general, his works for the concert hall constitute an essential and impressive part of his overall oeuvre. A wide variety of genres are represented here, symphonic pieces, piano and violin concerts, chamber music in a wide variety of settings and, last but not least, an extensive work of songs. In 1984 he completed his last opera Tulifant . The opera, set in a fairytale-like, symbolic area, ties in with Austrian traditions and was premiered on October 31, 1990 in Vienna.

A son from his marriage to Lianne von Bismarck is the politician Caspar Eine . The jazz musician Max von Eine is his great-great-nephew.

The honor grave of Gottfried von Einems is located in the Hietzinger Friedhof (group 60, row 7, number 18).

In 2017, Gottfried-von-Eine-Platz in Vienna's Innere Stadt (1st district) was named after the composer.

Righteous among the peoples

On August 12, 2002, Gottfried von Eine was posthumously honored by the Yad Vashem as Righteous Among the Nations . One, among others, had supported the Jewish Berlin musician Konrad Latte during the last two years of the war. After hiring the hiding musician Latte in 1943 as a répétiteur at rehearsals for his ballet Princess Turandot under cover names, he provided him with ration cards and an ID from the Reich Chamber of Music . Through the efforts of his friends and von Einems, Latte was saved from deportation .

Further awards and memberships

Works (selection)

Compositions

Ballets

  • Princess Turandot , 1944 (op. 1) - based on a scenario by Luigi Malipiero
  • Medusa, 1957 (op. 24) - on a scenario by Gale M. Hoffman

Operas

Orchestral works

  • Capriccio, 1943 (op. 2)
  • Concerto, 1944 (op.4)
  • Four episodes from the ballet Princess Turandot, 1954 (op.1a)
  • Concerto for piano and orchestra, 1956 (op.20)
  • Philadelphia Symphony, 1961 (op.28)
  • Three movements from the ballet Medusa, 1965 (op.24a)
  • Concerto for violin and orchestra, 1970 (op.33)
  • Bruckner Dialog, 1974 (op.39)
  • To those born after, 1975 (op. 42) - cantata for mezzo-soprano, baritone, choir and orchestra
  • Vienna Symphony, 1977 (op. 49)
  • Concerto for Organ and Orchestra, 1983 (op.62)
  • Munich Symphony, 1985 (op. 70)
  • Fourth Symphony, 1988 (op. 80)
  • Fraktale, 1992 (op. 94) - Concerto philharmonico for large orchestra

Chamber music

  • Four piano pieces, 1944 (op. 3)
  • Eight Hafis songs, 1947 (op. 5) - for high voice and piano
  • First string quartet, 1976 (op.45)
  • Aspects, 1994 (op. 102) - Four portraits for oboe solo

Edits

  • Liebes- und Abendlieder, 1978 (op. 48) - for high voice and piano
  • Leib- und Seelen-Songs, 1980 (op. 53) - for high voice and guitar; Text by Lotte Ingrisch

literature

Lexicon entries

Gottfried von Eine in fiction

  • Lotte Ingrisch: On the wings of song. Musical novels and stories from two centuries. 1988 - Co-author Gottfried von Eine
  • Lotte Ingrisch: Rat and Miss Bear. The beyond journey of Gottfried von One. 1997
  • Lotte Ingrisch: Sounds rush me - Gottfried von Eine's little component notes. 1999
  • Lotte Ingrisch: Immortality. Logs from the beyond. A documentation of hope. 2000
  • Lotte Ingrisch: Immortality. Logs from the beyond. 2000
  • Lotte Ingrisch: The whole world is fun! A life in anecdotes by Lotte Ingrisch and Gottfried von Eine. 2002

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ ... a pressure has to explode! Conversation between Gottfried von Eine and Manfred Wagner on March 24, 1993; quoted after Thomas Eickhoff: Political Dimensions of a Composer's Biography in the 20th Century - Gottfried von One. ISBN 3-515-07169-5 , p. 32.
  2. ↑ Michael H. Kater: The twisted muse. Musicians and their music in the Third Reich. Oxford University Press, New York 1997, ISBN 0-19-509620-7 .
  3. ↑ Günter Brosche: Workshop talk with Gottfried von Eine (November 26, 1984). In: Contributions to contemporary Austrian music. Documents on the life and work of contemporary composers. (= Publications of the Institute for Austrian Music Documentation , Vol. 17), Hans Schneider, Tutzing 1992, ISBN 3-7952-0728-2 , p. 191; quoted after Thomas Eickhoff: Political Dimensions of a Composer's Biography in the 20th Century - Gottfried von One. ISBN 3-515-07169-5 , p. 18.
  4. ↑ ... a pressure has to explode! Conversation between Gottfried von Eine and Manfred Wagner on March 24, 1993; quoted after Thomas Eickhoff: Political Dimensions of a Composer's Biography in the 20th Century - Gottfried von One. ISBN 3-515-07169-5 , p. 18.
  5. ↑ Friedrich Saathen: One Chronicle. Documentation and interpretation. Böhlau, Vienna / Cologne / Graz 1982, ISBN 3-205-07179-4 , p. 32; quoted after Thomas Eickhoff: Political Dimensions of a Composer's Biography in the 20th Century - Gottfried von One. ISBN 3-515-07169-5 , p. 18.
  6. ^ Alfred Baumgartner: The great music guide. 20th century music . Kiesel, Salzburg 1985, ISBN 3-7023-4005-X , entry on Gottfried von Eine, p. 554.
  7. ↑ Memory processes. Gottfried von Eine in conversation with Wolfgang Willaschek. In: Program of the Salzburg Festival (concert performance The Trial ), 23 August 1988; quoted after Thomas Eickhoff: Political Dimensions of a Composer's Biography in the 20th Century - Gottfried von One. ISBN 3-515-07169-5 , p. 89.
  8. ↑ Gerta-Luise von Eine in the Munzinger archive ( beginning of the article freely accessible).
  9. ↑ Friedrich Saathen: One Chronicle. Documentation and interpretation. Böhlau, Vienna / Cologne / Graz 1982, ISBN 3-205-07179-4 , p. 47; quoted after Thomas Eickhoff: Political Dimensions of a Composer's Biography in the 20th Century - Gottfried von One. ISBN 3-515-07169-5 , p. 18.
  10. ↑ This on the grounds that one was dealing with the composition of an opera ( Danton's death ), which was also planned for a radio adaptation.
  11. ↑ Information in the archive of the Salzburg Festival
  12. ↑ Information in the archive of the Salzburg Festival
  13. ↑ Olaf Weiden: Von one blows a huge trumpet - improvised music in NRW 02/13. choices. Culture. Movie theater. Cologne. January 24, 2013, accessed January 16, 2018.
  14. ^ Official Journal of the City of Vienna , October 19, 2017.
  15. ↑ a b Israel Gutman , Sara Bender, Daniel Fraenkel, Jackob Borut (ed.): Lexicon of the Righteous Among the Nations. Germans and Austrians. Wallstein-Verlag, Göttingen 2005, ISBN 3-89244-900-7 , p. 108 f.
  16. ↑ Michael Schweizer: How Konrad Latte survived the Nazi era. In: Berliner Zeitung , June 30, 2001.
personal data
SURNAME One, Gottfried von
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Austrian composer
DATE OF BIRTH January 24, 1918
PLACE OF BIRTH Bern
DATE OF DEATH July 12, 1996
Place of death Oberdürnbach , Lower Austria