Khartoum

This article covers the capital of Sudan. For the federal state of Sudan see al-Chartum , for the film of the same name from 1966 see Khartoum (film) .

الخرطوم Khartoum Khartoum
Coordinates	15 ° 35 ′  N , 32 ° 31 ′  E Coordinates: 15 ° 35 ′  N , 32 ° 31 ′  E
Basic data
Country	Sudan
State	al-Chartum
District	al-Chartum
height	382 m
Residents	2,682,431 (2012 calculation)
Metropolitan area	8,363,915 (2007)
politics
governor	Abdul Halim al Mutafi
View of the traffic in downtown Khartoum

Satellite image of Khartoum with Omdurman and al-Chartum Bahri. Below left the White Nile, right the Blue Nile, at the confluence in the middle the Tuti Island

Khartoum ([ ˈkartʊm , karˈtuːm ], Arabic الخرطوم al-Chartūm , DMG al-Ḫarṭūm  'the elephant 's trunk ', English spelling Khartoum ) is the capital of the Republic of Sudan and the state of al-Chartum .

geography

location

The city is located at the confluence of the White Nile and the Blue Nile .

population

Khartoum has almost 2.7 million inhabitants in the actual city and 8,363,915 inhabitants (2007 calculation) in the agglomeration with Omdurman and al-Chartum Bahri . This makes Khartoum the fifth largest agglomeration in Africa . According to calculations in 2012, the administrative unit of Khartoum alone had 5,827,729 inhabitants.

Population development:

year	Residents
	city	Agglomeration
1907 (n / a)	69,349	k. A.
1956 (n / a)	93,100	245,800
1973 (census)	333.906	748,300
1983 (census)	476.218	1,340,646
1993 (census)	947.483	2,919,773
2007 (calculation)	2,207,794	8,363,915
2012 (calculation)	2,682,431

Due to the rural exodus and the generally high population growth in the country, the agglomeration of Khartoum is swelling rapidly. For 2050 a population of 16 million inhabitants is expected in the metropolitan area and for 2100 even 57 million inhabitants.

history

Early history

Khartoum was founded in 1820 by the Egyptians under Mehemed Ali as a military camp. Soon afterwards, locals settled in to intensify trade with the Egyptians. After the fall of the old trade center of Shandi , Sudan's trade was concentrated in Khartoum, which now brokered the entire trade in ivory , rubber , tamarind , ostrich feathers and slaves from Central Africa with the Red Sea .

Khartoum as seen from the Nile around 1880

At the end of the 19th century, Khartoum was described as mostly made up of miserable mud houses with narrow, crooked and dirty streets. Only the large house of the governor , which had a wide forecourt adorned with date palms , the Austrian Apostolic Mission founded in 1847, the only mosque , the Coptic Church and some houses of the trading Greeks and other Europeans , Levantines and Arabs were built of bricks . Austria-Hungary and Great Britain maintained consulates in the city and the population is estimated at around 50,000, the majority of whom consisted of Arabs - as well as slaves of African descent, Levantines, Greeks, Italians, French and British.

Under Ismail Pasha , the city was raised to the capital of Sudan and the seat of the governors-general (including Gordon Pasha and others).

The Nile near Khartoum around 1910

The Faruq Mosque , presented to the Khartoum population in 1947 by the Egyptian-Sudanese King Faruq

From March 1884 on, the siege of Khartoum took place in the wake of the Mahdi uprising . Two days before the British relief troops arrived, the Mahdi attacked Khartoum on January 26, 1885. In the morning 50,000 Mahdists attacked, stormed the city and killed Gordon Pasha, presumably in the governor's palace. The Mahdi founded a new capital opposite Khartoum, on the western bank of the Nile, in Omdurman . Under his successor Abdallahi ibn Muhammad , Khartoum was finally abandoned and turned into a ghost town . The city was not rebuilt until 1898, after the Mahdi revolt was put down by the British Sirdar Kitchener .

In November 1924, during the Sudan crisis between Great Britain and the Kingdom of Egypt, which had been independent since 1922, revolving Egyptian-Sudanese army battalions brought parts of the city under their control. The revolt was put down by the British.

Recent history

In the 1970s and 1980s, Khartoum was the target of hundreds of thousands of refugees seeking protection from the conflicts in Chad , Ethiopia and Uganda . These settled in large slums on the outskirts of the city. Since 1983, many displaced people from Sudan have also been added as a result of the newly flared civil war in South Sudan and the Darfur conflict .

On August 20, 1998 by the Clinton - Government of the United States bombing of the Al-Shifa pharmaceutical factory in the district of the city of al-Khartoum Bahri causes, as was suspected, there would be produced for chemical weapons components.

After the death of John Garang , leader of the SPLA , riots broke out in the city on August 1 and 2, 2005, killing 75 people and injuring several hundred.

On September 14, 2012, the German embassy in "53 Baladia Street" was stormed, set on fire and partially destroyed. The nearby British embassy was also attacked.

Infrastructure

Side street in Khartoum

The five-star hotel Burj al-Fateh in Khartoum, completed in 2007 and built by a Libyan state-owned company.

• Khartoum airport
• Bridges: Al-Mak-Nimr Bridge , Old Omdurman Bridge , An-Nil-al-Azraq Bridge , Kubir Bridge , Tuti Bridge
• Railway station ( 15 ° 35 ′ 38 ″  N , 32 ° 31 ′ 36 ″  E ) with railway lines to the north to Wadi Halfa and to the south-west via Kusti to al-Ubayyid
• Khartoum Stadium

Al-Mogran Development Project

The Al-Mogran Development Project is an urban expansion project that aims to develop a new city center in the Mogran district at the confluence of the Nile and is partly based on the Dubai model .

education

Universities

This is a non-exhaustive list of colleges and universities in Khartoum:

• Alzaiem Al Azhari University
• International University of Africa
• Catholic University of Sudan
• Nile Valley University
• Open University of Sudan
• The Future University
• University of Khartoum
• University of Medicine Science and Technology
• Sudan University of Science and Technology

Further training

This is a non-exhaustive list of secondary schools in Khartoum

• Khartoum American School
• Khartoum International Community School
• Unity high school

Attractions

• Great Mosque of Khartoum , Faruq Mosque , Ash Shahid Mosque
• Khartoum Presidential Palace
• Burj al-Fateh hotel
• Roman Catholic Cathedral of Khartoum
• All Saints Cathedral of Khartoum
• Botanical Garden
• National Museum of Sudan , with relics from the Nubian Empire of Kush , a temple of Hatshepsut and early Christian wall paintings
• Museum of the Old All Saints Cathedral of Khartoum

Others

In a ranking of cities according to their quality of life, Khartoum took 227th place out of 231 cities worldwide in 2018.

sons and daughters of the town

• Muhammad Nagib (1901–1984), Egyptian officer and politician
• Andréas Voutsinas (1932–2010), Greek actor and director
• Fatima Ahmed Ibrahim (1934-2017), Sudanese women's rights activist
• Macram Max Gassis (* 1938), Sudanese Roman Catholic clergyman and Bishop of El Obeid
• Christopher Hawkesworth (* 1947), British geochemist and geologist
• Nahid Toubia (* 1951), Egyptian doctor and women's rights activist
• Intisar el-Zein Soughayroun (* 1958), Sudanese archaeologist and politician
• Leila Aboulela (* 1964), Sudanese author
• Aamir Ageeb (1968–1999), Sudanese refugee, who died while being deported on board a Lufthansa plane as a result of willful bodily harm by police officers
• Sami Al-Haj (* 1969), Sudanese cameraman who was detained for six years without charge or trial in the prison camp of the Guantanamo Bay Naval Base in Cuba
• Richard Justin (* 1979), South Sudanese football player
• Ismail Ahmed Ismail (* 1984), Sudanese middle-distance runner
• Nawal El Jack (* 1988), Sudanese sprinter
• Eddy Sidra (* 1989), Canadian soccer player
• Peter Bol (* 1994), Australian athlete
• Marco Arop (* 1998), Canadian athlete

Town twinning

• Ankara , Turkey since 1992
• Amman , Jordan since 1993
• Wuhan , China since 1995
• Istanbul , Turkey since 2001

Climate table

Khartoum
Climate diagram
J F. M. A. M. J J A. S. O N D.     0   31 16     0   33 17th     0.1   37 20th     0   40 24     3.9   42 27     4.2   41 28     30th   39 26th     48   38 26th     27   39 26th     7.8   39 26th     0.7   35 21st     0   32 17th Temperature in ° C ,  precipitation in mm Source: Sudan Meteorological Authority, data: 1971–2000; wetterkontor.de

Average monthly temperatures and rainfall for Khartoum Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Max. Temperature ( ° C ) 30.7 32.6 36.5 40.4 41.9 41.3 38.5 37.6 38.7 39.3 35.2 31.7 O 37 Min. Temperature (° C) 15.6 16.8 20.3 24.1 27.3 27.6 26.2 25.6 26.3 25.9 21.0 17.0 O 22.8 Precipitation ( mm ) 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.0 3.9 4.2 29.6 48.3 26.7 7.8 0.7 0.0 Σ 121.3 Hours of sunshine ( h / d ) 10.2 10.5 10.2 10.6 10.0 9.3 8.7 8.8 9.1 9.9 10.1 10.3 O 9.8 Rainy days ( d ) 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.9 0.9 4.0 4.2 3.4 1.2 0.0 0.0 Σ 14.7 Humidity ( % ) 27 22nd 17th 16 19th 28 43 49 40 28 27 30th O 28.9 Source: Sudan Meteorological Authority, data: 1971–2000; wetterkontor.de

See also

• Khartoum resolution

literature

• Jörg Gertel: Khartoum hot spot. History and structure of the housing problem in the Sudanese capital . Breitenbach publishing house, Saarbrücken / Fort Lauderdale 1993, ISBN 3-88156-599-X .

Web links

Commons : Khartoum  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Wiktionary: Khartoum  - explanations of meanings, word origins, synonyms, translations

Individual evidence

1. ↑ Population calculation 2012 Khartoum ( Memento of the original dated December 29, 2011 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. 
2. ↑ Population calculation of the administrative unit Khartoum 2012 ( Memento of the original from December 29, 2011 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. 
3. ↑ bevoelkerungsstatistik.de. Archived from the original on September 30, 2007 ; Retrieved November 12, 2013 . 
4. ↑ Khartoum . In: Encyclopædia Britannica . 11th edition. tape 15 : Italy - Kyshtym . London 1911, p. 773 (English, full text [ Wikisource ]).
5. ↑ World 101 largest Cities. Retrieved July 23, 2018 . 
6. ↑ Hatred of Germany . Spiegel Online , September 14, 2012
7. ↑ ukinsudan.fco.gov.uk
8. ^ Education. ( Memento of the original from February 7, 2011 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was automatically inserted and not yet checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. Sudan.net (List of colleges and universities in Khartoum) 
9. ↑ Mercer's 2018 Quality of Living Rankings. Retrieved July 30, 2018 . 
10. ↑ Ankara Büyükşehir Belediyesi Kardeş - Ankaranın Şehirleri
11. ↑ Amman's Relations with Other Cities ( Memento from December 26, 2008 in the Internet Archive )
12. ^ Website of the Chinese city of Wuhan on the city partnership
13. ↑ Mirzaoglu Receives Khartoum Governor . Turkish Press Review, October 12, 2001
14. ↑ Sudan Meteorological Authority: Klimeinformationen Khartoum. World Meteorological Organization, accessed November 12, 2013 .