Jimi Hendrix

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Jimi Hendrix (1967)Hendrix.svg

James Marshall "Jimi" Hendrix (born November 27, 1942 as John Allen Hendrix in Seattle , Washington , † September 18, 1970 in London ) was an American guitarist , composer and singer .

Hendrix, who because of his experimental and innovative way of playing on the rock - electric guitar is one of the most important and influential guitarists, had a lasting effect on the development of rock music . With his bands - including The Jimi Hendrix Experience and Gypsy Sun & Rainbows  - he had appearances at the most popular music festivals of his time, such as the Monterey Pop Festival in 1967 , the Woodstock Festival in 1969 and on the Isle of Wight in 1970 .

biography

Childhood and youth

John "Johnny" Allen Hendrix was the son of the dancer couple Lucille Jeter and James Allen Hendrix. Both James "Al" Hendrix and Lucille Jeter had families of African American and Cherokee ancestors. John Hendrix's father was stationed in the US Army in Alabama at the time his son was born and did not find out about the birth until a few months later. After his release in 1946, he changed his son's name to James Marshall Hendrix. The parents had another son named Leon in 1948. Later that year, Lucille Hendrix gave birth to son Joseph ("Joey"), whose paternity Al did not recognize. After returning from military service, Al was back with Lucille. Since he could not find a steady job, the family became impoverished. The couple struggled with alcohol and often argued under the influence of alcohol. Domestic violence sometimes drove James “Jimi” Hendrix to withdraw and hide in a closet in her home. The family moved frequently and stayed in cheap hotels and apartments in the Seattle area. Occasionally, family members would take Jimi Hendrix to Vancouver to stay with his grandmother. This is how Jimi developed into a shy and sensitive boy. In 1951, Jimi Hendrix's parents divorced. Hendrix grew up with his father, while Joey was given up for adoption and Leon was temporarily given to an orphanage . By the age of thirty-three, Hendrix's mother, Lucille, had developed cirrhosis of the liver . She died on February 2, 1958 when her spleen ruptured. Al refused to take James and Leon to their mother's funeral; instead he gave them whiskey and instructed them how to deal with the loss like men. Al later married (1966) the Japanese-born Ayako "June" Fujita. Their youngest daughter Janie adopted Al in 1968.

Hendrix's first musical instrument was a harmonica , which he received when he was four. At Horace Mann Elementary School in Seattle in the mid-1950s, Hendrix's habit of carrying a broom to mimick a guitar caught the attention of a school social worker. She wrote a letter to the school administration asking for school funding for underprivileged children and insisting that not using a guitar could cause psychological harm to Jimi. However, their efforts failed, and Al also refused to buy Jimi a guitar. When Hendrix was helping his father with a part-time job in 1957, he found a ukulele among the rubbish they took from an elderly woman's house. She told him that he could keep the instrument, which had only one string. He learned by ear, played single notes and followed the songs of Elvis Presley. As a teenager, he began to love rock 'n' roll. In the summer of 1957, his father bought a used acoustic guitar for five dollars, on which the left-handed, the strings the wrong way round, Hendrix played with his first band The Velvetones for a short time until he found an electric guitar, the "Supro Ozark 1560S", got given and focused on this. He also played this guitar in his second band The Rocking Kings .

Hendrix 1961: recruit instead of prisoner

Hendrix attended Garfield High School, which he had to leave in 1959 because of poor grades.

After a car theft, he was given the choice of spending two years in prison or joining the army . In May 1961 Jimi Hendrix signed up for three years and after basic training he joined the 101st Airborne Division at Fort Campbell . Hendrix did not want to integrate into the US Army's system of command and obedience. Superiors criticized his lack of motivation and violations of orders and rules. Hendrix cannot concentrate on his duties because he plays too much guitar outside of work and thinks about it all the time. In addition, he does not have good character traits. After 13 months, Hendrix was released early.

Start of career as a musician

During his military service he had met Billy Cox , who played bass in charity clubs in Nashville . With Cox, Hendrix founded the band The King Kasuals . In the following years he also played as an accompanist for Little Richard , Ike & Tina Turner , The Supremes , The Isley Brothers , King Curtis and Jackie Wilson .

In January 1964, when, frustrated by the rules of his bandleaders, he had the feeling that he had artistically outgrown the circle, Hendrix decided to make a name for himself on his own. He moved to the Hotel Theresa in Harlem , where he befriended Lithofayne Pridgon, known as "Faye," who became his girlfriend. Pridgon, a native of Harlem with connections to the entire music scene in the area, offered him protection, support, and encouragement. In February 1964 he won a musical competition at the Apollo Theater .

In 1964 Hendrix took on the role of guitarist with the Isley Brothers and accompanied them on a tour of the USA for much of the year. Towards the end of October, after getting tired of playing the same set every night, he left the band. Then he got an engagement in the touring band of Little Richard. Richard and Hendrix often had arguments over delays, the cloakroom, and Hendrix's stage antics. At the end of July 1965, Hendrix was released from the band by Richard's brother Robert. He then returned briefly to the Isley Brothers and played a single with them.

In 1965 Hendrix joined the New York band Curtis Knight and the Squires . Curtis Knights manager, Ed Chalpin, offered to sign him. Hendrix signed and received a dollar advance and a one percent share of the royalty income. At the same time he committed himself to play exclusively for Chalpin for three years. This contract would later become quite a hindrance to Hendrix. His involvement in this group was short-lived.

The first band in which Hendrix himself was active as a front man and singer was the formation Jimmy James and the Blue Flames, founded in 1965 . During the second half of 1965 and early 1966, Hendrix played with these musicians in clubs in Greenwich Village . Here he began to develop his style and his own musical repertoire.

1966: Discovery by Linda Keith and Chas Chandler

Linda Keith , Keith Richards ' girlfriend at the time , saw and heard Hendrix at the Cheetah Club in New York. She was fascinated by his game and invited him over for a drink. Both hit it off and became friends. Linda Keith then made Rolling Stones manager Andrew Loog Oldham and producer Seymour Stein aware of Hendrix. They did not see any musical potential in Hendrix and refused any collaboration. Linda Keith then turned to New York bassist Chas Chandler , who had just left Animals and was interested in directing and producing artists. On the recommendation of Keith, Chandler saw and heard the still quite unknown Jimi Hendrix play at the end of 1966 in the café "Wha?" In New York's bohemian neighborhood Greenwich Village , where he performed under the pseudonym Jimmy James . Chandler particularly liked the Billy Roberts song Hey Joe and was convinced that he could make a hit with Hendrix. He persuaded Hendrix to fly with him to London to start a musical career there. Hendrix agreed and arrived in London on September 24, 1966 on a 7-day visa. On the same day Hendrix gave an improvised solo appearance in the London scene club "Scotch of St. James" through Chandler's relationships.

The Jimi Hendrix Experience

1966: The beginning of the group

Chandler and former manager of the Animals , Michael Jeffery , decided to take Hendrix under contract. Jeffery had previously been Chandler's manager when he played for the Animals. During this period, Jeffery was said to have been a manager of dodgy businessmen in the Caribbean tax haven . It was agreed that Chandler should take care of the artistic part of the management in the newly formed band, while Jeffery would be responsible for the financial tasks.

Jimi Hendrix Experience 1968, Jimi Hendrix, Noel Redding, Mitch Mitchell (from left to right)

The next step was to build a band for Hendrix as a front man. Hendrix gave up his pseudonym "Jimmy James" and became "Jimi Hendrix". Chandler began the search for suitable accompanying musicians, ultimately the drummer Mitch Mitchell (previously with Georgie Fame's Blue Flames ) and Noel Redding , guitarist by nature, were selected as electric bassist. With them the formation "Jimi Hendrix Experience" was founded in September 1966 in London. In addition to the role as lead guitarist , Hendrix was also intended as the singer of the band, which Hendrix was initially not enthusiastic about; he doubted the quality of his voice. But he succeeded in persuading him to sing and overcoming his shyness.

Chandler and Jeffery founded the company "Yameta Company Limited, Nassau" on October 11, 1966, which Jimi Hendrix and his group took under contract. Noel Redding later described this contract as a toggle contract , which the musicians at the time did not understand because of their ignorance and lack of interest in legal matters.

About Johnny Halliday , who heard Jimi Hendrix in the London "Blaises Club" together with Brian Auger , it was possible to arrange first appearances in France in October 1966 as opening act for Johnny Halliday, including an appearance at the Paris Olympia on October 18th. This was recorded and is partly on the Jimi Hendrix Experience (Deluxe Reissue) box . The set consisted of three cover songs - Killing Floor ( Howlin 'Wolf ) , Hey Joe ( Billy Roberts ) and Wild Thing ( The Troggs ) . In November 1966 the band played two gigs in the Munich “Big Apple Club”. Here Hendrix had a show experience that would shape him from now on. Trying to escape a frenzied audience in panic, he tossed his guitar onto the stage, where it went down in a sound explosion and was perceived as part of the show.

Then Chandler managed to organize an appearance in the prestigious London club "Bag O'Nails"; in the audience sat the Beatles , The Who and Donovan . Further concerts in London, Southampton, Folkstone, Manchester and Sheffield followed in early 1967. The group also had their first television appearances on " Ready Steady Go " and " Top of the Pops " and became increasingly popular. The formation was first seen on German television in March 1967 in the " Beat Club ". In May 1967 she performed in Paris, Berlin, Munich, Frankfurt and in the Jaguar Club in Herford as well as in Sweden, Denmark and Finland.

1966: First hits

The first songs, Hey Joe and Stone Free, were recorded in October / November 1966. The single with the pieces was released in December 1966 and was number 4 on the charts in England in February 1967. The first album, Are You Experienced , peaked at number 2 on the UK charts.

1967: Back in the USA as an English pop star

On June 18, 1967, Hendrix, invited after his version of Hey Joe had been played frequently on the radio, appeared with his band in California at the Monterey Pop Festival , which significantly increased his popularity. The performance also became known because Hendrix lit his guitar at the end after the ninth song Wild Thing . He himself said:

“The time I burned my guitar it was like a sacrifice. You sacrifice the things you love. I love my guitar. "

“When I burned my guitar it was like a sacrifice. You sacrifice the things you love. I love my guitar. "

- Jimi Hendrix

Monterey several appearances followed at the famous Fillmore West by Bill Graham in San Francisco (six consecutive days, two shows per day), Santa Barbara, Los Angeles and New York. In the meantime, Jeffery had booked a tour of the Experience as the opening act for The Monkees in Florida without asking Chandler or the band . These appearances confronted the band with an audience that mostly consisted of girls between the ages of 7 and 12 and thus turned out to be an unsuitable band composition. The experience was later removed from the program. Further shows in the USA followed until August 1967, after which the band flew back to England.

Jimi Hendrix, May 10, 1968

1968: Back in the USA, Electric Ladyland

After the release of Axis: Bold as Love in October 1967, the band embarked on a lengthy tour of the USA in February 1968, where they performed again at the Fillmore West in San Francisco. At the same time, she was working on a new album in the studio. Redding later described that the studio work had now taken on a completely different character. On the one hand through new recording techniques with a 12-track system and effect options, which seduced Hendrix to produce endless overdubs and mixes. On the other hand, the band in the studio was surrounded by a lot of people who were "partying" so that concentrated work was hardly possible. The recording sessions were continually interrupted by live performances and tours, but no new material could be tried out or expanded on because the audience wanted to hear the well-known hits and pieces.

Chandler, who perceived himself as an artistic mentor for Hendrix, made Hendrix reproaches because of this unproductive phase and attitude, so that there were disagreements between the two. At the end of October 1968, the double album Electric Ladyland was completed. With its innovative sound techniques and the selection of pieces on which musicians like Stevie Winwood or Dave Mason played, it was considered a new high point in electrical and psychedelic rock music. The album reached number 1 on the Billboard 200 .

At this point the band had grown apart from extensive touring. The last joint appearance of the Jimi Hendrix Experience took place on June 29, 1969 in Denver.

1969: The appearance in Woodstock

1969 began with problems with the Canadian judiciary. Heroin and hashish were found in Hendrix's luggage during an inspection at Toronto Airport in May. Hendrix claimed the drugs got there without his knowledge.

In the summer of 1969 he put together a new band for the Woodstock Festival . He called them Gypsy Sun & Rainbows - they included Mitch Mitchell on drums, his old Army friend Billy Cox on bass, Larry Lee on rhythm guitar and two percussionists . The band's performance was delayed due to the weather, and the musicians did not appear until the early Monday morning of August 18, 1969, when the festival should have been over by now.

Of the originally more than 400,000 visitors, around 25,000 were still present at the time.

At this performance Hendrix presented a distorted, booming, reminiscent of bomber and machine gun salvos, and also for this reason quickly world-famous interpretation of the American national anthem The Star-Spangled Banner . Through his technique with excessive use of the tremolo arm of the guitar and the use of effects (especially wah-wah and fuzz -Face) he alienated the anthem and constantly took in the public eye almost exclusively on acoustic way position to the US-present US - Warfare in Vietnam .

"Through playing technique and the use of effects, he also made war scenes audible between the familiar motifs of the hymn, including astonishingly clear machine gun salvos, air raids and projectile hits."

However, Hendrix later contradicted this interpretation on Dick Cavett's talk show .

Band of Gypsys

After the Woodstock performance, the Jimi Hendrix Experience gave two more concerts and then broke up or Mitchell and Redding separated from the mentally unstable Hendrix after he had demolished a hotel room. After Chalpin made claims under the $ 1 contract with Hendrix from 1965, a concert was recorded that took place on New Year's Eve 1969 at Fillmore East . For this purpose, Hendrix put together a new band called the Band of Gypsys with Billy Cox on bass and the multi-instrumentalist Buddy Miles on drums.

The new Jimi Hendrix Experience

Memorial stone for Jimi Hendrix near Flügge on Fehmarn near his last appearance

After the Band of Gypsys had performed together for a month, Hendrix reformed the Jimi Hendrix Experience in March 1970 . He took over Billy Cox from the Band of Gypsys as bassist, and Mitch Mitchell continued to play drums.

1970 found numerous, often spontaneous studio recordings instead of changing line that in a planned album with the working title First Rays of the New Rising Sun should result. A selection of the songs was released in 1971 as Cry Of Love , the full album was not released until 1997. Hendrix had his own recording studio built on 8th Street in New York, which was completed in August 1970. "Electric Lady Studios" was chosen as the name.

That year the band went on their final US and European tour. The start in Europe was the Isle of Wight Festival on August 30, 1970. After subsequent appearances in Stockholm, Copenhagen and Berlin (on September 4, 1970 in the Deutschlandhalle ), Hendrix graduated from the Love and Peace Festival on September 6, 1970 the Schleswig-Holstein Baltic Sea island of Fehmarn made his last appearance. A memorial stone was later placed there. From 1995 to 2010 the Jimi Hendrix Revival Festival took place in Flügge on Fehmarn every year on the first Saturday in September . In 2011 and in the following years it was banned for nature conservation reasons. On September 2, 2017, an open-air revival festival took place on Fehmarn for the first time, but no longer at the previous location, but on a meadow in Strukkamp.

1970 seemed Hendrix in the recordings for solo Debütalalbum of Stephen Stills with. Hendrix did not live to see it appear in November 1970 because he died on September 18, 1970. Stills later named the album "James Marshall Hendrix" after completion. After Hendrix's death it was revealed that he had planned a project with the supergroup Emerson, Lake and Palmer .

Person and character

In contrast to the image that Jimi Hendrix presented to the public in his offensive shows, he was actually a very reserved, downright shy person. His character was strongly influenced by the experience of his mother's departure, her alcoholism, the constant quarrel between his parents and being deported to relatives and friends. He appreciated that Noel Redding's mother treated him like a second son when they were with her. Redding's mother later mentioned that Hendrix was always extremely polite to her. Kathy Etchingham describes another trait of Hendrix: he could hardly say "no" to alleged friends, and he was very happy to enter into alleged friendships with people who were only looking for their personal advantage in the vicinity of the "star". He had a tendency to tell people what they wanted to hear. In doing so, he made promises that he could not keep. Conversely, he could hardly say “no” even to trivial things; but if he did, he could quickly become hurtful.

Redding describes how, in the course of increasing fame, Hendrix became more and more star-studded, adopted strange airs or disinterest in performances, for example by signaling his boredom to the audience by turning his back on him while playing or only sang half-heartedly. He also suffered from depressive phases and panic attacks in the times between the shows.

Relationship with Kathy Etchingham

Hendrix met Kathy Etchingham , who was very well established in the London music scene at the time, on his first evening in London (September 24, 1966). At the time, Etchingham lived in an apartment with Zoot Money and his wife and knew Chas Chandler very well. She was sitting at the table in the Scotch Club with Chandler, Money and Linda Keith when Hendrix walked into it. Hendrix and Etchingham were immediately drawn to each other. As a result of an escalating dispute at the bar, Etchingham brought Hendrix back to the hotel so that he would not run the risk of being deported immediately because of his mere visitor visa. With that, they began to become a couple.

Due to similar childhood stories, they both valued their mutual intimacy and their private retreat. Hendrix saw in her and in his relationship with her a calm pole during his strenuous years as a musician. He jealously insisted that Kathy should be loyal to him, while holding back little on himself with sexual contacts and relationships on the band's tours. Several of his songs were related to Kathy; so the ballad The Wind Cries Mary came about after a dispute over Kathy's awkward cooking skills. Both Little Wing and Foxy Lady were allusions to Kathy, and in Opus 1983 she appeared by name in a stanza ("So my love Katherina and me decide to take our last walk ...").

Initially, the couple lived in hotel rooms, and then together with Chas Chandler and his wife in an apartment that belonged to Ringo Starr . Etchingham later found an apartment for himself and Hendrix on London's Brook Street. Georg Friedrich Handel had also lived next door during his time . The couple set up this apartment as a common home and as a retreat for Hendrix when he returned from his tours. Here he also gave interviews and completed photo appointments.

Etchingham and Hendrix split in 1969 after Etchingham had a frustrating experience with the drug community around Hendrix while visiting New York.

Drugs

Noel Redding writes in his biography that alcohol and other drugs played a role in the life of the band from the beginning. Initially, before their first performances, they smoked hashish to calm their nervous tension. After the performances, alcohol and drug consumption increased. He was already familiar with chemical drugs like LSD that were later consumed by the band members, especially since the shows in America. Redding describes how one day before a gig he met Hendrix who was barely approachable, babbling, laughing and staggering. He noticed that this time Hendrix had used LSD before a performance - instead of afterwards as before. Hendrix was less and less able to control his abuse of drugs like hashish, LSD, but also alcohol and sleeping pills, which the touring stress additionally forced. Redding reports:

“I fully admit that drugs influenced our music. Whether it was true or not, we felt we had to be properly stoned to play properly. (...) Until eventually we had no energy left to give. "

“I admit that drugs influenced our music. True or not: we thought that we had to be really drunk in order to play properly. (...) Until we finally had nothing more to give. "

A cycle began in the course of which the band moved more and more away from their original strength and vitality through permanent touring appearances and simultaneous commitments to new studio productions.

During her visit to Hendrix in New York, Kathy Etchingham was appalled by the kind of pimp, prostitute and drug milieu with which Hendrix surrounded herself ("These people are my friends, he would say"), which led to her early departure and she ultimately broke the relationship with him.

Political statements

Although Jimi Hendrix was not a political activist, he had made some comments in the US media about the Black Panthers , which were supposed to express what he called a kind of "spiritual bond". In the 2004 documentary Jimi Hendrix - The Last 24 Hours by Michael Parkinson, it is reported that Hendrix participated in the benefit concert of the Vietnam Moratorium Committee "Winter Festival Of Peace" in Madison Square Garden on January 28, 1970 and donated money to the Black Panthers. A concert for Bobby Seale and the Chicago Seven is also mentioned. As a result, Hendrix got on the FBI's security index , as can be proven from the released part of the FBI files.

death

In the last few years before his death in 1970, Hendrix's drug use had increased dramatically. As a result, his appearance at the last concerts in particular suffered greatly.

“He lost his grip on the ground, performed sometimes catastrophic concerts under the influence of drugs and then fell more and more often into depression.” After his appearance at the Love and Peace Festival on the Baltic Sea island of Fehmarn, he returned “exhausted and nervous back to London. "

On September 16, 1970, Hendrix jammed with Eric Burdon and War at Ronnie Scott's Jazz Club in London. This jam session , during which Hendrix can be heard on Tobacco Road and Mother Earth , was taped by fans and is a coveted recording among insiders as it is Hendrix's last recording.

He spent the night in the apartment with his friend Monika Dannemann in the Samarkand Hotel in London , where he took a high dose of her sleeping pills in the evening. Dannemann found him unconscious early the next morning on September 18, 1970. Hendrix died after being admitted to St Mary Abbot's Hospital in London- Kensington . While harder drugs were initially suspected to be the cause of death, it was later discovered that Hendrix had consumed alcohol and sleeping pills and choked on his vomit. Large quantities of red wine were found in his lungs. According to the responsible hospital doctor, Hendrix had a piece of cloth soaked in red wine around his neck, a sweater or a towel.

Although the official cause of death was "death by suffocation," there was much speculation about Hendrix's death. Even when his manager Chas Chandler is quoted as saying that Hendrix's death was foreseeable, conspiracy theories emerged that it was murder or suicide. In 1993, investigations were resumed because a former friend of Hendrix's complained that Dannemann had alerted the ambulance too late. No judgment was given in the trial against Dannemann.

Hendrix's new grave site in Renton near Seattle since 2003

In his 2009 autobiography, Rock Roadie , Hendrix's former roadie James Wright accused Hendrix manager Michael Jeffery of the murder of Hendrix: Jeffery had taken out life insurance for Hendrix and registered himself as a beneficiary for an insurance sum of 1.2 million Cashing out pounds.

After his body was transferred to the United States, Jimi Hendrix was buried next to the graves of his mother and grandmother at Greenwood Memorial Park in Renton near Seattle. 2002 Jimi Hendrix's remains were exhumed and placed in a newly constructed family grave in the same cemetery reburied .

Awards and honors

Honor for Jimi Hendrix on 5th Avenue in Seattle: “Born in Seattle in 1942, Jimi Hendrix went on to become a musical pioneer, exploring the explosive possibilities of the electric guitar. His debut album, Are You Experienced, remains one of the most popular rock albums of all time. "

After his death at the age of 27, Jimi Hendrix is counted in the fictional Club 27 because of his popularity as a rock musician . Like its other four "members", Hendrix is ​​credited with living according to the motto " Live Fast, Love Hard, Die Young ".

In 1992, Hendrix was posthumously awarded a Lifetime Achievement Grammy and was inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame . Two years later, a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame was dedicated to him.

In 1998, Hendrix was inducted into the NAMA Hall of Fame for Native Americans . In 2000, Paul Allen , co-founder of Microsoft , founded the $ 240 million Experience Music Project in Seattle, which is a permanent display of a large number of Hendrix memorabilia , including guitars, clothing, and lyrics. In 2006, Hendrix's hometown Seattle named a park after him, although she had been aloof from him during her lifetime.

In addition, he was recognized by many music magazines as an outstanding musician. He has been named the best electric guitarist of all time by Rolling Stone , Guitar World and other magazines. The Rolling Stone also elected him to sixth of the 100 greatest players of all time . VH1 listed him in third place of the Best Hard Rock Artists of all time behind Black Sabbath and Led Zeppelin and in the same position of the 100 Best Pop Artists of all time , after the Rolling Stones and the Beatles .

On February 10, 2016, the “ Handel & Hendrix in London ” museum opened in the London borough of Mayfair . The museum comprises two houses, Hendrix lived in one, and Georg Friedrich Händel in the next house in the 18th century .

Anecdotal

Linda Keith surprised Hendrix and Kathy Etchingham the day after Jimi's first appearance in London's Scotch Club in their hotel room, made a violent scene and stole Hendrix's only guitar. She gave the guitar back to him only with the promise that Kathy would disappear again.

In February 1968, then groupie Cynthia Plaster Caster made a cast of Hendrix's penis. A copy of it can be found today in the Rock'n'pop Museum in Gronau (Westphalia) .

music

Hendrix 'guitar playing

Handwritten lyrics of Midnight Lightning

As a teenager, Hendrix had mostly blues and rock 'n' roll musicians such as Buddy Guy , Muddy Waters , BB King , Chuck Berry and Eddie Cochran as role models, and he later covered their songs. In his years as a guitarist he not only imitated their music, but also developed their style of music and how they played. He significantly shaped the playing and expression on the rock guitar and in particular demonstrated new sound possibilities and ways of playing. He used in his mostly improvised solos Fuzz - effects units , similar to the Rolling Stones in front of him, distorting to the sound, and he used early in a wah-wah pedal. In contrast to many earlier rock guitarists who mostly only used simpler chords or only power chords , he also used more complex chords for the accompaniment and chord progressions that were unusual for rock music, as they were previously used in jazz. Examples are the songs Bold as Love or May This Be Love. Using the excessive use of the vibrato lever on his Fender Stratocaster , combined with an overdrive through fully turned up amplifiers, Hendrix created completely new psychedelic , spherical-sounding sounds on the electric guitar - matching his often surreal lyrics. Probably the best known example of this unusual expressiveness on the electric guitar is his interpretation of the American national anthem at the Woodstock Festival. He produced another sound effect simply by tuning his guitar half a tone or even a whole tone lower, so that the deep bass notes he used to support the chord playing and the licks were given a more powerful color. (Noel Redding points out that tuning lower was of help to Hendrix when he played in bands with horns, where Eb, Db chords were often used due to the tuning of these instruments.) Another peculiarity of his playing style was that he Completed chords with the thumb of the fingering hand or played around them with individual notes from the corresponding parallel keys. In addition, his multiple use of double stops - a legacy of rock'n roll guitarists -, such as in the intro of Little Wing, was one of his distinctive playing styles.

Towards the end of the 1960s, numerous rock musicians, especially those from the progressive rock environment , began to work with longer improvisations , which until then were only common in jazz . In addition to Eric Clapton and Jeff Beck , Hendrix was one of the first guitarists to assign an essential role to the extended and improvised solo playing as part of a piece performed live. Hendrix was able to prove his dexterity and technique here. By bringing the guitar to the fore in this way, the status of the guitarists in the bands changed in the following years: they went from being mere accompanying musicians to their own stars alongside the singer. In this sense, he was the model for the emergence of well-known guitarists in the 1970s such as Ritchie Blackmore , Jimmy Page , Alvin Lee and Tony Iommi . Last but not least, he also influenced jazz musicians like Miles Davis or John McLaughlin .

The artists he influenced today also include Stevie Ray Vaughan , Brian May , Prince , Eddie Van Halen , Kirk Hammett , John Frusciante and Uli Jon Roth . Dozens of bands later covered songs by Hendrix, especially well-known guitarists such as Eric Clapton , David Gilmour , Joe Satriani , Lenny Kravitz , Michael Schenker , Steve Vai , Slash and Yngwie Malmsteen , but also the bands Pearl Jam , The Cure or the Red Hot Chili Peppers . Of the many roadies who accompanied Hendrix on his tours, they became famous a few years later. For example, Lemmy Kilmister (later founded Motörhead ), Ace Frehley (later with Kiss ) and actor and comedian Phil Hartman stayed in the vicinity of Jimi Hendrix before their careers.

Hendrix's rhythmic work on Little Wing is characterized by chord fundamentals, which he fingered with his thumb, enhanced with key-appropriate embellishments with double stops .

When Hendrix accompanied his singing on the guitar, he usually not only played the associated chords , but also accentuated them with a series of decorations with chord extensions. Since he took on the role of classical rhythm guitarist and lead guitarist at the same time, the impression sometimes arises as if several guitars are playing at the same time. In a multitude of licks and fills that Hendrix built into his company, his artistic creativity was shown.

Jimi Hendrix was one of the first guitarists who accompanied their singing with unison or guitar runs shifted an octave up or down, for example in If Six Was Nine, Voodoo Chile (Slight Return) or Machine Gun. In addition, in the highlights of his improvised solos, he underscored the guitar runs with scat singing sung in unison , known from jazz, and thus introduced unison scat singing into rock music. One example is Message of Love from the live album Band of Gypsys .

It was a peculiarity of him that he did not write down melodies and chords in the form of notes or tablature, but oriented himself in colors. The reason for this is that Hendrix was a synesthete , i.e. could perceive sounds and colors together. He described the interplay of music, colors and emotions with the song Bold as Love, in which he explains how colors can evoke different feelings.

Live performances

In addition to playing the guitar, Hendrix used numerous show elements at concerts, which he took over from guitarists such as Chuck Berry or T-Bone Walker . For example, he played behind his head or back or with his tongue or teeth. Burning his guitar at the Monterey Pop Festival is also known . He put the undesirable effect of feedback ( feedback ), the acoustic field between guitar and amplifier builds up at the one high-pitched whistling or octave overtones, one of the first, next to Pete Townshend , Jeff Beck or the Beatles , deliberately as a design element in his songs. The distorted interpretation of the American national anthem The Star-Spangled Banner , played by Hendrix in Woodstock, is particularly well known . Hendrix also exploited the possibilities of the tremolo or vibrato lever on the Fender Stratocaster to the extreme, a sound change that in the time before him was used almost exclusively for lightly decorating individual tones or chords. The following example shows the use of the so-called "Divebomb":

With the help of the vibrato lever, Hendrix pushes the strings down so far (here five semitones are indicated) that they come to rest on the magnets of the pickups.

The song also served to express criticism of the bombing policy of the US government in the Vietnam War , against which Hendrix took a clear position.

“His instrument howls and screeches. 'The Star Spangled Banner' - every tone is a bitter accusation, is tearful grief, protest, an angry outcry against the cynical power of the establishment. 'We are against your damn war in distant Vietnam.' The message is clear. A longing for freedom and resistance, everything is in a few guitar runs. "

He also implemented his criticism lyrically within his songs. "House Burning Down" (from the album Electric Ladyland , 1968) is about the uprisings of the black population, for example during the Watts riots in which several thousand people were arrested in Los Angeles in 1965 , or during the riots in Newark and Detroit in 1967.

Instruments and equipment

Stratocaster that Hendrix used at the Woodstock Festival, among others
Flying V, which Hendrix used at the Isle of Wight Festival, among others

Hendrix preferred to play Stratocaster guitars from Fender , and rarely instruments from Gibson , such as the Flying V and SG . Because he was left-handed, but left-handed guitars were difficult to obtain and expensive in the late 1960s, he used right-handed models in which he wound the strings in reverse order. This is why the controls and the vibrato lever are on the upper side of the guitar body instead of - as is common practice - on the lower side of the guitar body when recording concerts.

He painted three of his guitars, two of the Stratocaster from 1964 and one of the Flying V from 1967. He destroyed the two Stratocasters at concerts in 1967. He "sacrificed" the first at the Saville Theater in London and the second at the legendary '' Monterey Pop Festival '', of which there are film recordings. He gave the painted Flying V to his friend Mick Cox from the band Eire Apparent in 1969 . It was passed on among artists until it came to David Brewis, who had it restored.

The 1970 Gibson Flying V was his only custom or left-handed model.

As amplifier for most of his career came 100-watt Marshall amplifier used. Hendrix was one of the first guitarists to use Marshall amplifiers. He got to know Jim Marshall personally and was delighted with the sound of the amplifier. In his younger years and in the studio, Hendrix also preferred Fender amplifiers.

On effect devices he often had modified devices such as the “Vox Clyde McCoy” and “Vox v846 Wah”, the “Octavia” (a fuzz octave effect) developed by Roger Mayer, the Dallas arbiter Fuzz Face and the Unicord Univibe ( Chorus and vibrato ) from different manufacturers in use. Roger Mayer, who was then working for the British Navy, developed and adapted equipment to Hendrix's wishes. Hendrix also often used a Leslie cabinet for his guitar playing and singing.

The whereabouts and reissues of the instruments

Instruments played by Hendrix are now traded for large sums among collectors. In November 2004, for example, a guitar fetched 70,000 British pounds, the equivalent of around 129,000 US dollars. At the same auction, two empty packs of cigarettes sold for the equivalent of $ 330. In September 2008, the Fender Stratocaster, which was set on fire by Hendrix during a concert in London in March 1967, was auctioned for 280,000 British pounds.

Over ten different Fender Stratocaster models have appeared that are based on the guitars used by Hendrix. This includes an instrument for right-handed people with a body for left-handed guitars, which imitates the look of Hendrix's guitar position, replicas of the guitars that Hendrix used at the Woodstock Festival or the Monterey Pop Festival, or a right-handed guitar with a left-handed neck and correspondingly shifted pickups.

Hendrix 'legacy and the "Hendrix clan"

Jimi Hendrix left no will. After years of legal disputes between a large number of rights holders and interested parties with the administrator of the estate, Jimi Hendrix 'father Al and his adopted daughter Janie received control of Hendrix' inheritance in 1995. His fellow musicians such as Noel Redding and Mitch Mitchell went almost empty-handed. During this time, the value of the legacy was estimated at 40 to 100 million US dollars., However, the dispute over the income from exploitation rights and royalties flared up again after the death of Al Hendrix in 2002. These commercial heirs, often referred to as the "Hendrix clan" - Janie in particular since Al's death - have a reputation for having unrestrained access to all the legacies recorded somehow and somewhere and accordingly as new CD editions for exploitation, regardless of the actual artistic heritage throw the market. This explains why there has been an almost unmanageable number of audio releases on the market since Hendrix's death. Because of this commercial exploitation, Kathy Etchingham refused to invite Janie to the housewarming ceremony in his above-mentioned apartment building - which is located next to the Handel House - where she lived with Hendrix for a while.

effect

In the literature

The novel Hymne (2011) by Lydie Salvayre , who won the Prix ​​Goncourt 2014 for her latest novel , is based on the life of Jimi Hendrix.

The novel Burning Guitar. Is Jimi Hendrix Really Dead? (1980) by Rudolf Herfurtner describes the life of Jimi Hendrix from the perspective of his friends and partners.

Discography

Creating a complete discography of Jimi Hendrix is ​​difficult because there are a large number of recorded jam sessions , the authenticity of which has not always been proven. There are also several recordings of Hendrix as an accompanying musician before his solo career. In total, more than a hundred recordings are said to have been published after Hendrix's death.

Recordings published during his lifetime

The Jimi Hendrix Experience debut album was released in May 1967 and includes the well-known titles Foxy Lady and Red House . The American version was released with a new cover and a changed track list, so the tracks Red House , Can You See Me and Remember are missing , instead the A-sides of the singles Purple Haze , The Wind Cries Mary and Hey Joe are found .
With Little Wing and Castles Made of Sand there are two well-known and often covered ballads on the album . In collaboration with Hendrix ' sound engineers Eddie Kramer and Roger Mayer , psychedelic guitar sounds were created, which established Hendrix's reputation as an experimental studio musician.
The compilation contains the four successful singles from the first album. As with the debut, there is an American version with a different title list. Burning of the Midnight Lamp will be released on an album here even before Electric Ladyland . However, there is no song by Axis: Bold as Love included.
The album was created during sessions with many guest musicians and was produced by Hendrix himself. It contains, among other things, a cover version of All Along the Watchtower , a piece by Bob Dylan . Voodoo Chile and Crosstown Traffic are also on the album.
This album was recorded for Ed Chalpin on New Years Eve 1969 / New Years Day 1970 at the Fillmore East . Machine Gun , the most famous song on the album, can be understood as a protest against the Vietnam War .

Recordings published posthumously

Immediately after Hendrix's death, the material Hendrix had worked on in the Electric Ladyland studio was published by Kramer, Mitchell, and Michael Jeffery .

  • The Cry of Love (1971)
  • Rainbow Bridge - Original Motion Picture Soundtrack (1971)
  • War Heroes (1972)
  • Loose Ends (1974)

The 1975 releases are demos that were completed, modified and remixed years after Hendrix's death under the direction of estate administrator Alan Douglas by studio musicians who had never worked with Hendrix. Nine to the Universe is practically a pure instrumental album by the original musicians with a jam session character. The result was sometimes very strongly criticized by fans.

  • Crash Landing (1975)
  • Midnight Lightning (1975)
  • Nine to the Universe (1980)

From the mid-1990s, the material was re-mastered and compiled for publication on CD under the authorization of the Hendrix family, who now owned the rights to Jimi Hendrix's estate. In particular, the album First Rays of the New Rising Sun should de facto represent the fourth studio album, as Hendrix himself could possibly have released. The album includes material from the albums Cry of Love and Rainbow Bridge throughout . All albums previously published posthumously were instead deleted from the catalog. In 2014 remastered versions of Cry of Love and Rainbow Bridge were released.

  • Blues (1994)
  • First Rays of the New Rising Sun (1997)
  • South Saturn Delta (1997)
  • The Jimi Hendrix Experience , 4-CD box set (2000), 4 CD (+ 1 DVD) box set (2005)
  • Valleys of Neptune (2010)
  • West Coast Seattle Boy: The Jimi Hendrix Anthology , 4-CD (+ 1-DVD) box set (2010)
  • People, Hell & Angels (2013)
  • Cry of Love (2014)
  • Rainbow Bridge (2014)
  • Both Sides of the Sky (2018)

Concert recordings

  • Jimi Plays Monterey ( Rockumentary by DA Pennebaker , recorded at the Monterey Pop Festival 1967; released in 1986 with Denny Dents portrait performance in the opening credits)
  • Live at Winterland (excerpts from six concerts in the Winterland Ballroom in San Francisco from October 1968; published in 1987)
  • Winterland (4-CD or 8-LP box; six concerts over three days in the Winterland Ballroom in San Francisco from October 10 to 12, 1968; release 2011)
  • Live at Woodstock (recorded at Woodstock Festival 1969; released 1999)
  • Blue Wild Angel - Jimi Hendrix Live at the Isle of Wight (Recorded at the Isle of Wight Festival 1970; Released 2002)

Other recordings

Live recordings (selection)

  • Woke Up This Morning and Found Myself Dead - Live at the Scene Club (1968)
  • Hendrix in the West (1972)
  • Experience (Royal Albert Hall 1969, published 1972)
  • Sound Track Recordings from the Film 'Jimi Hendrix' (1973)
  • The Jimi Hendrix Concerts (1982)
  • Stages (1991)
  • The Ultimate Experience (1992)
  • BBC Sessions (1998)
  • Live at Fillmore East (1999)
  • Live at Berkeley - Second Set (2003)
  • Jammin 'with Jimi (2008)

Further studio and live recordings (authorized by the Hendrix heirs, released on the daggerrecords.com label)

  • Live at the Oakland Coliseum (1998)
  • Live at Clark University (1999)
  • Morning Symphony Ideas (2000)
  • Live in Ottawa (2001)
  • The Baggy's Rehearsal Sessions (2002)
  • Paris 1967 / San Francisco 1968 (2003)
  • Hear My Music (2004)
  • Live at the Isle of Fehmarn (2005)
  • Burning Desire (2006)

Filmed concert recordings (selection)

  • Experience - See My Music Talking (1968)
  • Jimi Plays Berkeley (1970)
  • Jimi Hendrix - At the Atlanta Pop Festival (1992)
  • Jimi Hendrix - The Dick Cavett Show (2002)
  • Blue Wild Angel - Jimi Hendrix at the Isle of Wight (2002)
  • Jimi Hendrix - Live at Woodstock - Deluxe Edition (2005)
  • Jimi Hendrix - Live at Monterey - The Definitive Edition (2007)

Chart placements

Studio albums

year title Highest ranking, total weeks, awardChart placementsChart placements
(Year, title, rankings, weeks, awards, notes)
Remarks
DE DE AT AT CH CH UK UK US USTemplate: chart table / maintenance / charts non-existent
1967 Are you experienced DE17 (8 weeks)
DE
- - UK2
gold
gold

(33 weeks)UK
US5
Quintuple platinum
× 5
Quintuple platinum

(109 weeks)US
Axis: Bold as Love DE21 (4 weeks)
DE
- - UK5
gold
gold

(16 weeks)UK
US3
platinum
platinum

(53 weeks)US
1968 Get that feeling - - - UK39 (2 weeks)
UK
-
Electric Ladyland DE12 (25 weeks)
DE
AT54 (1 week)
AT
CH43 (1 week)
CH
UK6th
gold
gold

(17 weeks)UK
US1
Double platinum
× 2
Double platinum

(37 weeks)US
Chart entry in AT and CH only in 2018
1970 Band of Gypsys DE15 (24 weeks)
DE
- - UK6 (22 weeks)
UK
US5
Double platinum
× 2
Double platinum

(61 weeks)US
1971 Cry of Love DE15 (12 weeks)
DE
- - UK2 (14 weeks)
UK
US3
platinum
platinum

(39 weeks)US
Post mortem publication
Rainbow Bridge DE34 (4 weeks)
DE
- - UK16 (8 weeks)
UK
US15th
gold
gold

(21 weeks)US
Post mortem publication; Soundtrack
1972 Was heroes - - - UK23 (3 weeks)
UK
US48 (18 weeks)
US
Post mortem publication

gray hatching : no chart data available for this year

Demos

year title Highest ranking, total weeks, awardChart placementsChart placements
(Year, title, rankings, weeks, awards, notes)
Remarks
DE DE AT AT CH CH UK UK US US
1975 Crash landing - - - - US5
gold
gold

(20 weeks)US

gray hatching : no chart data available for this year

Live albums

year title Highest ranking, total weeks, awardChart placementsChart placements
(Year, title, rankings, weeks, awards, notes)
Remarks
DE DE AT AT CH CH UK UK US US
1971 Experience DE46 (4 weeks)
DE
- - UK9 (6 weeks)
UK
-
Jimi Hendrix at the Isle of Wight - - - UK17 (2 weeks)
UK
-
Concert recording
1972 Hendrix in the West DE48 (4 weeks)
DE
- - UK7 (14 weeks)
UK
US12
gold
gold

(19 weeks)US

gray hatching : no chart data available for this year

Compilations

year title Highest ranking, total weeks, awardChart placementsChart placements
(Year, title, rankings, weeks, awards, notes)
Remarks
DE DE AT AT CH CH UK UK US US
1968 Smash hits DE19 (12 weeks)
DE
- - UK4th
silver
silver

(25 weeks)UK
US6th
Double platinum
× 2
Double platinum

(35 weeks)US
1990 Cornerstones 1967-1970 - - - UK5
gold
gold

(16 weeks)UK
-
1994 blues DE60 (9 weeks)
DE
- CH14 (9 weeks)
CH
UK10 (3 weeks)
UK
US45
platinum
platinum

(18 weeks)US
1997 Experience Hendrix - The Best of Jimi Hendrix DE49 (7 weeks)
DE
AT9 (6 weeks)
AT
CH92 (2 weeks)
CH
UK10
gold
gold

(7 weeks)UK
US133
Double platinum
× 2
Double platinum

(40 weeks)US
Chart entry in US only in 1998, in DE, AT and CH only in 2000
2001 Voodoo Child - The Jimi Hendrix Collection - - - UK10
gold
gold

(13 weeks)UK
US112
gold
gold

(4 weeks)US
2010 Valleys of Neptune DE34 (6 weeks)
DE
AT6 (8 weeks)
AT
CH8 (7 weeks)
CH
UK21 (6 weeks)
UK
US4 (15 weeks)
US
Fire - The Collection - - - UK29
silver
silver

(3 weeks)UK
-
West Coast Seattle Boy: The Jimi Hendrix Anthology DE72 (1 week)
DE
- CH86 (1 week)
CH
- US153 (1 week)
US
West Coast Seattle Boy: The Jimi Hendrix Anthology (Box Set) - - - - US172 (1 week)
US
2013 People, Hell & Angels DE15 (5 weeks)
DE
AT18 (3 weeks)
AT
CH7 (5 weeks)
CH
UK30 (3 weeks)
UK
US2 (11 weeks)
US
2016 Machine Gun: The Fillmore East First Show - - - UK80 (1 week)
UK
US66 (2 weeks)
US
2018 Both sides of the sky DE7 (7 weeks)
DE
AT9 (5 weeks)
AT
CH8 (6 weeks)
CH
UK8 (2 weeks)
UK
US8 (4 weeks)
US
Experience Hendrix - The Best Of - - - UK69 (4 weeks)
UK
-
2019 Songs for Groovy Children: The Fillmore East Concerts DE64 (1 week)
DE
- CH96 (61 weeks)
CH
- -

gray hatching : no chart data available for this year

Singles

year Title
album
Highest ranking, total weeks, awardChart placementsChart placements
(Year, title, album , rankings, weeks, awards, notes)
Remarks
DE DE UK UK US US
1966 Hey Joe
Are You Experienced
DE21 (9 weeks)
DE
UK6th
silver
silver

(11 weeks)UK
-
1967 Purple Haze
Are You Experienced
DE17 (9 weeks)
DE
UK3
silver
silver

(14 weeks)UK
US65 (8 weeks)
US
The Wind Cries Mary
Are You Experienced
DE35 (3 weeks)
DE
UK6 (11 weeks)
UK
-
Burning of the Midnight Lamp
DE27 (5 weeks)
DE
UK18 (9 weeks)
UK
-
Foxy Lady
Are You Experienced
- - US67 (4 weeks)
US
1968 Up from the Skies
Axis: Bold as Love
- - US82 (4 weeks)
US
All Along the Watchtower
Electric Ladyland
DE21 (8 weeks)
DE
UK5
platinum
platinum

(11 weeks)UK
US20 (9 weeks)
US
1969 Crosstown Traffic
Electric Ladyland
DE34 (3 weeks)
DE
UK37 (6 weeks)
UK
US52 (8 weeks)
US
1970 Voodoo Chile
Electric Ladyland
DE24 (7 weeks)
DE
UK1
silver
silver

(13 weeks)UK
-
1971 fishing rod
DE50 (1 week)
DE
- -
Freedom
- - US59 (8 weeks)
US
Dolly Dagger
- - US74 (7 weeks)
US
Gypsy Eyes / Remember
- UK35 (5 weeks)
UK
-
1972 Johnny B. Goode
- UK35 (5 weeks)
UK
-

Awards for music sales

Silver record

Golden record

  • ArgentinaArgentina Argentina
    • 1997: for the album The Ultimate Experience
  • AustraliaAustralia Australia
    • 2007: for the video album Blue Wild Angel: Live At The Isle Of Wight
    • 2012: for the video album Live At Woodstock
    • 2013: for the album Experience Hendrix - The Best Of
  • ItalyItaly Italy
    • 2016: for the album The Ultimate Experience
    • 2017: for the single All Along the Watchtower
  • CanadaCanada Canada
    • 1995: for the album Blues
  • New ZealandNew Zealand New Zealand
    • 2008: for the video album Live At Woodstock
  • NorwayNorway Norway
    • 1998: for the album Experience Hendrix
  • United StatesUnited States United States
    • 1970: for the album Jimi Hendrix & Otis Redding-Monterey (soundtrack)
    • 1995: for the video album Rainbow Bridge
    • 1999: for the album Live At The BBC Sessions
    • 2000: for the video album Live At Woodstock
    • 2004: for the album Live At Woodstock
    • 2010: for the video album Live At Monterey
  • United KingdomUnited Kingdom United Kingdom
    • 1990: for the album Radio One
    • 1992: for the album The Ultimate Experience
    • 2013: for the video album A Film About

Platinum record

  • AustraliaAustralia Australia
    • 1997: for the album The Ultimate Experience
    • 2004: for the album Experience Hendrix
    • 2008: for the video album Electric Ladyland
  • CanadaCanada Canada
    • 2009: for the video album The Uncut Story
  • New ZealandNew Zealand New Zealand
    • 1997: for the album The Ultimate Experience
  • NetherlandsNetherlands Netherlands
    • 2013: for the album Valleys of Neptune
  • PortugalPortugal Portugal
    • 2011: for the album West Coast Seattle Boy: The Jimi Hendrix Anthology
  • United StatesUnited States United States
    • 2002: for the video album Band Of Gypsys - Live At The Fillmore
    • 2004: for the video album Jimi Plays Berkeley
    • 2004: for the video album Experience
    • 2004: for the video album Blue Wild Angel: Live At The Isle Of Wight
    • 2007: for the album The Jimi Hendrix Experience
  • United KingdomUnited Kingdom United Kingdom
    • 2013: for the video album Jimi Hendrix
    • 2013: for the video album Live At Woodstock

2 × platinum record

  • CanadaCanada Canada
    • 1995: for the album The Ultimate Experience

3 × platinum record

  • New ZealandNew Zealand New Zealand
    • 2008: for the album Experience Hendrix - The Best Of
  • United StatesUnited States United States
    • 1997: for the album The Ultimate Experience

4 × platinum record

  • United StatesUnited States United States
    • 2007: for the Live At Woodstock video box set

Note: Awards in countries from the chart tables or chart boxes can be found in these.

Country / Region Silver record icon.svg silver Gold record icon.svg gold Platinum record icon.svg platinum Sales swell
Awards for music sales
(country / region, awards, sales, sources)
Argentina (CAPIF) Argentina (CAPIF) 0! S.- Gold record icon.svg gold1 0! P- 30,000 capif.org.ar ( Memento from July 6, 2011 in the Internet Archive )
Australia (ARIA) Australia (ARIA) 0! S.- Gold record icon.svg 3 × gold3 Platinum record icon.svg 3 × platinum3 205,000 aria.com.au
Italy (FIMI) Italy (FIMI) 0! S.- Gold record icon.svg 2 × gold2 0! P- 50,000 fimi.it
Canada (MC) Canada (MC) 0! S.- Gold record icon.svg gold1 Platinum record icon.svg 3 × platinum3 260,000 musiccanada.com
New Zealand (RMNZ) New Zealand (RMNZ) 0! S.- Gold record icon.svg gold1 Platinum record icon.svg 4 × platinum4th 52,500 nztop40.co.nz
Netherlands (NVPI) Netherlands (NVPI) 0! S.- 0! G- Platinum record icon.svg platinum1 50,000 nvpi.nl
Norway (IFPI) Norway (IFPI) 0! S.- Gold record icon.svg gold1 0! P- 25,000 ifpi.no ( Memento from November 5, 2012 in the Internet Archive )
Portugal (AFP) Portugal (AFP) 0! S.- 0! G- Platinum record icon.svg platinum1 20,000 Individual evidence
United States (RIAA) United States (RIAA) 0! S.- Gold record icon.svg 10 × gold10 Platinum record icon.svg 28 × platinum28 24,450,000 riaa.com
United Kingdom (BPI) United Kingdom (BPI) Silver record icon.svg 6 × silver6th Gold record icon.svg 9 × gold9 Platinum record icon.svg 3 × platinum3 2,305,000 bpi.co.uk
All in all Silver record icon.svg 6 × silver6th Gold record icon.svg 28 × gold28 Platinum record icon.svg 43 × platinum43

Documentaries (selection)

  • Jimi Hendrix: "Hear My Train A Comin '." Documentary, USA, 2013, 90 min., Script and director: Bob Smeaton, production: Experience Hendrix LLC, Fuse Films, Thirteen's American Masters, first broadcast: November 5, 2013 on PBS , synopsis by ARD , online video by PBS ), Discussion in the Westfälische Rundschau .
  • Jimi Hendrix: Voodoo Child. Documentary, USA, 2010, 91 min., Script and director: Bob Smeaton, production: Experience Hendrix LLC, video premiere: September 18, 2010 in the USA.
  • Jimi Plays Monterey. Concert film, USA, 1986, 50 min., Written and directed: DA Pennebaker , Chris Hegedus, production: Pennebaker Films, cinema premiere : September 7, 1986 at the Toronto International Film Festival .

literature

  • Kathy Etchingham , Through Gypsy Eyes: My Life, the Sixties and Jimi Hendrix . 1999 & 2012, ISBN 978-0-7528-2725-4 .
  • Noel Redding , Carol Appleby: Are You Experienced? The Inside Story of the Jimi Hendrix Experience. Picador, London 1990, ISBN 0-330-31923-X .
  • Mitch Mitchell, John Platt: The Hendrix Experience. Pyramid Books, London, 1990, ISBN 1-85510-047-9 .
  • Lothar Trampert: Electric! Jimi Hendrix, the musician behind the myth . Piper Verlag, Munich 1991, ISBN 3-492-18406-5 .
  • Harry Shapiro, Caesar Glebbeek: Jimi Hendrix - Electric Gypsy. From the English by Ingeborg Schober . vgs verlagsgesellschaft, Cologne 1993, ISBN 3-8025-2243-5 .
  • Tony Brown: Jimi Hendrix . Paul Zsolnay Verlag, Vienna 1994, ISBN 3-552-05096-5 .
  • John McDermott: Hendrix Sessions 1963-1970. Edition Olms, Zurich 1996, ISBN 3-283-00299-1 .
  • Corinne Ullrich: Jimi Hendrix . German Taschenbuch-Verlag, Munich 2000, ISBN 3-423-31037-5 .
  • Charles Shaar Murray: Purple Haze, Jimi Hendrix . Hannibal Verlagsgruppe Koch, Vienna 2002, ISBN 3-85445-060-5 .
  • Roby, Steven; Schreiber, Brad (2010). Becoming Jimi Hendrix: From Southern Crossroads to Psychedelic London, the Untold Story of a Musical Genius. Da Capo. ISBN 978-0-306-81910-0 .
  • Johnny Black: Eyewitness Hendrix. The day-by-day life story. Carlton Books, London 2004, ISBN 1-84442-776-5 .
  • Gered Mankowitz: Jimi Hendrix. The Complete Masons Yard Photo Sessions. Schwarzkopf & Schwarzkopf, Berlin 2004, ISBN 3-89602-615-1 .
  • Charles R. Cross: Jimi Hendrix - Behind the Mirrors . Hannibal Verlag 2006, ISBN 978-3-85445-264-5 (Original edition: Room Full Of Mirrors - A Biography Of Jimi Hendrix ).
  • Klaus Theweleit , Rainer Höltschl: Jimi Hendrix. A biography . Rowohlt, Berlin 2008, ISBN 978-3-87134-614-9 .
  • Frank Schäfer : Being Jimi Hendrix. An essay. Verlag Andreas Reiffer, Meine, 2012, ISBN 978-3-934896-63-5 .
  • Lars Thieleke: Jimi Hendrix. His instruments, playing style and studio tricks. PPV Medien, Bergkirchen 2012, ISBN 978-3-941531-95-6 .
  • Hannes Fricke: Jimi Hendrix. Reclam, Stuttgart 2017, ISBN 978-3-15-020436-8 (in the series 100 pages ).

Web links

Commons : Jimi Hendrix  - collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Wieland Harms: The Unplugged Guitar Book. 20 of the most beautiful songs for acoustic guitar. Gerig Music, ISBN 3-87252-249-3 , p. 29.
  2. ^ A b Peter Blecha: Hendrix, Jimi (1942-1970). In: historylink.org. August 15, 2011, accessed March 2, 2015 : "His father Al Hendrix renamed him James Marshall Hendrix in 1946."
  3. ^ A b Catherine Elsworth: Family go to court in fight for Hendrix's millions . In: Daily Telegraph , June 26, 2004.
  4. Alyssa Burrows: Hendrix, Al (1919-2002), Father of Jimi . August 8, 2002 on historylink.org
  5. Al and June Hendrix separated in 1986 and Jimi Hendrix's stepmother died in 1999, see: historylink.org .
  6. Sean Egan: Jimi Hendrix and the Making of "Are You Experienced". Cappella Books, 2002, ISBN 1-55652-471-4 , p. 11
  7. Roby, Steven; Schreiber, Brad (2010). Becoming Jimi Hendrix: From Southern Crossroads to Psychedelic London, the Untold Story of a Musical Genius. Da Capo. ISBN 978-0-306-81910-0 .
  8. Dale Evva Gelfand: Jimi Hendrix: Musician. Chelsea House, New York 2006, ISBN 0-7910-9214-3 , p. 18.
  9. Reports on Hendrix on thesmokinggun.com : “poorly motivated for the military […] no regard for regulations […] his mind apparently cannot function while performing duties and thinking about his guitar”; "Poor character. No known good characteristics. ”On Hendrix's homepage ( memento of January 24, 2009 in the Internet Archive ), an injury during a parachute jump is given as the reason for the discharge:“ After being discharged due to an injury he received during a parachute jump ”.
  10. Keith Shadwick: Jimi Hendrix: Musician. Backbeat Books, 2003. ISBN 978-0-87930-764-6 , p. 50.
  11. ^ "This agreement contracted Hendrix to produce and play exclusively for PPX for 3 years, in return for one dollar" on Jimi Hendrix With Curtis Knight & the Squires - 'Knock Yourself Out'. In: jungle-records.demon.co.uk. October 15, 1965, accessed March 2, 2015 .
  12. ^ Wieland Harms: The Unplugged Guitar Book. 20 of the most beautiful songs for acoustic guitar. Gerig Music, ISBN 3-87252-249-3 , p. 29.
  13. a b c d e Kathy Etchingham, Through Gypsy Eyes: My Life, the Sixties and Jimi Hendrix, 1999 & 2012, ISBN 978-0-7528-2725-4
  14. a b c d e Noel Redding, Carol Appleby: Are You Experienced? The Inside Story of the Jimi Hendrix Experience. Picador, London 1990, ISBN 0-330-31923-X
  15. blogspot.com .
  16. Jimi Hendrix on the Monterey performance, quoted from The Jimi Hendrix Experience: inducted in 1992. In: Rock and Roll Hall of Fame . Retrieved March 2, 2015 .
  17. ^ Corinna Watschke: Portrait: Jimi Hendrix. No flower child with love sayings. ( Memento of September 27, 2007 in the Internet Archive ) In: Planet Wissen , July 24, 2007: “Because of the many program delays, Jimi Hendrix's appearance did not take place until Monday morning, when the festival was actually over. Most of the 500,000 visitors had already left, only 25,000 from drug consumption and the exertions of the past three days were still in front of the stage. "
  18. Howard Manly: 40 years later, Woodstock remains a national anthem , baystatebanner.com, August 19, 2009
  19. ... again, after an appearance on March 15, 1968. The Jimi Hendrix Experience Setlist already mentions the title once in 1968 when it performed at Clark University , Worcester, Mass. , on the US Tour in 1968
  20. Jimi Hendrix: "Star-Spangled Banner" . In: Martin Geck : War and Peace. Materials for music lessons . Marohl Musikverlag, Witten and Stuttgart 1984, ISBN 3-89006-022-6 , p. 41.
  21. Markus Escher: September 18, 1970: Jimi Hendrix died. ( Memento from March 25, 2013 in the Internet Archive ) In: MDR Info Calendar Sheet , September 18, 2006.
  22. Hannes Fricke: Jimi Hendrix. Reclam, Stuttgart 2017, page 81 ff, ISBN 978-3-15-020436-8 (in the series 100 pages )
  23. ^ Wieland Harms: The Unplugged Guitar Book. 20 of the most beautiful songs for acoustic guitar. Gerig Music, ISBN 3-87252-249-3 , p. 29.
  24. Fehmarn Festival Group. In: fehmarnfestivalgroup.com. September 28, 2014, archived from the original on December 6, 2011 ; accessed on March 2, 2015 .
  25. Greg Lake : "We were planning to meet and play together in August or September, but he died before we could figure it out." Quoted from Giuliano Benassi: Emerson, Lake & Palmer. In: laut.de . Retrieved March 2, 2015 .
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  49. “The typical roadie, the head roadie, the eternal King of the Roadies, is and will probably be Lemmy von Motörhead for all time. He was at the service of none other than Jimi Hendrix before he made a career as a musician himself. ”By Valerie Trebeljahr: The roadie. ( Memento from March 31, 2006 in the Internet Archive ) In: Zündfunk / Bayern 2 , March 30, 2006.
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  51. "was a roadie for the Jimi Hendrix Experience" on copyranter.blogspot.com
  52. Jimi Hendrix trusted his synesthesia. He liked to describe chords and harmonies as colors. He called the chord E7 # 9 - often referred to by guitarists as the Hendrix chord - as "the purple chord," and used it to help form the verse of his song, Purple Haze. www.xuni.com: Author, T. Jefferson Parker. In: tjeffersonparker.com. Retrieved March 2, 2015 .
  53. From the booklet on Experience Hendrix - The Best of ...
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  56. ^ "'House Burning Down' [...] also reflects the Watts riots of 1965, as well as the Newark and Detroit riots of 1967." Quoted from Burning Down The House. Rock, Race and Stereotypes in the 1960s. ( Memento of December 7, 2004 in the Internet Archive ).
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  70. a b c d e Chart sources: DE AT CH UK US
  71. Gold for Live At Woodstock in New Zealand ( Memento from July 28, 2011 in the Internet Archive )
  72. ^ Platinum for The Ultimate Experience in Australia
  73. Platinum for West Coast Seattle Boy: The Jimi Hendrix Anthology in Portugal ( Memento from July 3, 2011 in the Internet Archive )
  74. 3 × platinum for Experience Hendrix - The Best Of in New Zealand ( Memento from August 12, 2011 in the Internet Archive )
  75. Film data for Jimi Hendrix: Voodoo Child in the Internet Movie Database (English)
  76. Film data for Jimi Plays Monterey in the Internet Movie Database (English)
This version was added to the list of articles worth reading on May 31, 2007 .