exhumation
As exhumation (also exhumation or Enter ending ) is the unearthing of an already buried corpse from its grave referred.
Exhumation in criminal proceedings
The excavation of a buried corpse is permitted in criminal proceedings for the purpose of judicial examinations ( Section 87 (3) of the Code of Criminal Procedure (StPO)). According to Section 87, Paragraph 4, Clause 1 of the Code of Criminal Procedure, exhumations can be ordered by a judge or , in the case of imminent danger , by the responsible public prosecutor's office . If a relative of the deceased can be identified without difficulty and the purpose of the investigation is not endangered, he must be notified of the exhumation. If poisoning is suspected, a chemical expert should also be present (Section 34 RiStBV ). TheThe autopsy is not to be assigned to the doctor who treated the deceased in the illness immediately preceding the death. However, he can be asked to attend the opening of the body in order to provide information on the medical history.
Other reasons for exhumation
Exhumations can have different purposes. For example, they can be used to:
- To clear a grave for the next use. The bones that are still found are often taken to an ossuary , sometimes they are burned.
- To transfer the dead ,
- for example because an old cemetery is found in a building project,
- for example to bury them in a more dignified place. In June 1989 Imre Nagy's body was exhumed and solemnly buried. Religious aspects can also play a role here, for example when those who have been beatified in the Catholic Church are reburied in a place where the believers can worship them (e.g. Hildegard Burjan ).
- To transfer the dead from mass graves to individual graves.
- To research historical events (see also Truth Commission ) .
Often exhumations take place after wars, after dictatorships or after crimes against humanity . Examples:
- Since the year 2000 - in many cases by the Spanish 'Association for the Reclamation of Historical Memory' ( Asociación para la Recuperación de la Memoria Histórica ) - exhumations of people murdered during the Spanish Civil War who fell victim to the Francoist regime have been organized .
- Lord Protector Oliver Cromwell was exhumed and beheaded two years after his royal burial in 1661. The Cromwelltaler from the short time of the English Republic was considered an omen for this.
- 2011's corpse was Salvador Allende exhumed to find out if he really suicide had committed.
- After the Srebrenica massacre (1995), many of those buried in the mass graves were exhumed and reburied.
- Some of the mass graves created during the Katyn massacre (1940) were found by units of the Wehrmacht in 1943 and the bodies were exhumed for propaganda purposes.
geology
In geology , exhumation is the uplift or erosion of rocks from a depth to the surface of the earth.
See also
literature
- Melanie Drees: On the criminological structure of exhumations. Using the example of an examination at the Forensic Medicine Institute of the University of Münster. Münster Univ., Diss., 1985.
- Alfred Haugg: For accident assessment and anatomical diagnosis of organ diseases during exhumations. Munich, Med. F., Diss. 1952.
- Kira Holzhausen: Giving the dead a name: How exhumations restore dignity to the war victims in Guatemala. Marburg 2007, ISBN 978-3-8288-9240-8 .
- Franc Kernjak: Rescue the dead - find life. Exhumations in Guatemala. Historical processing and psychosocial work. Innsbruck, Vienna, Bozen 2006, ISBN 978-3-7065-4315-6 .
- Jürgen Krahn: On the criminological structure of exhumations. Using the example of an examination at the Forensic Medicine Institute of the University of Erlangen. Münster Univ., Diss., 1985.
- Burkhard Madea (Hrsg.): The medical investigation. Legal bases, practical implementation, problem solving . 3rd edition, Berlin 2006, ISBN 978-3-642-34642-2 .
- Heiko Scherf: About the exhumations of the Leipzig Institute for Forensic Medicine in the period 1900-1996. Leipzig, Univ., Diss., 2000.
- Kristin Ulm: 371 exhumations. An examination from a morphological, insurance-medical and forensic perspective. Giessen, Univ., Diss., 2008.
Web links
Individual evidence
- ↑ wdr.de
- ↑ spiegel.de: Salvador Allende committed suicide , July 20, 2011
- ↑ "Katyn" - just a Polish myth? (PDF; 264 kB)
