Double handle

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Example: Double -fingered notation of the cellists in the prelude to the Sonata in C major op. 40 No. 1 by Jean-Baptiste Breval

A double handle ( English double stop , French double-cords ), or multiple handle , two or more on a musical instrument while playing sounds. Double stops are particularly important for string instruments , but double stops are also used for other instruments, for example piano or guitar . In modern music notation , the tones that are picked are one below the other.

String instruments

If, for example, a harmony of two tones is to be created on the violin , two strings of the instrument are pressed down with one or two fingers of the left hand and simultaneously struck with the bow .

In addition to the simple double stops partially known even in strings are triple or - quadruple - or three - or quad handles possible. However, with this type of fingering, the U-shape of the bridge has to be taken into account, so that there is a risk that triple or quadruple fingerings in particular are perceived as broken or arpeggiated chords and not as a direct harmony (which in exceptional cases the composer also intended can be).

Many string instruments also have no frets . Thus, it is difficult to hit the tone properly. Since no note is exactly the same distance from the other, it is all the more difficult to play sequences of double stops properly.

The sonatas and partitas for violin by Johann Sebastian Bach and the violin concertos and sonatas by Giuseppe Tartini illustrate the high points of the multi-fingering technique in high baroque music. The use of the "double flageolet ", i.e. the production of flageolet tones on two strings at the same time, by Niccolò Paganini was another milestone in this technique.

Particularly from the later romance which then moved finally more and more Divisi game (thus splitting the votes on several instruments) of the strings to the fore what the multiple fingering technique was partially fade into the background (see Hector Berlioz's Symphonie fantastique for an earlier Example), but double stops remained an indispensable technique even in later times.

See also

Individual evidence

  1. Dr. Johann Daniel Andersch: Musical dictionary: compiled for friends and students of tonology . W. Natorff and Comp., Berlin 1829, p. 137 , double handles ( google.de [accessed on October 22, 2017]).
  2. Helene Wolf-Lategahn: Making music in the first piano lesson using the Tonika-Do teaching: Instructions and suggestions for the teacher . Springer-Verlag, 2013, ISBN 978-3-663-02714-0 , falling tones in double grip, p. 38 ( google.de [accessed on October 22, 2017]).