Giuseppe Tartini

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Giuseppe Tartini, copper engraving, 1761

Giuseppe Tartini (born April 8, 1692 in Piran near Trieste , † February 26, 1770 in Padua ) was an Italian violinist , composer and music theorist .

Life

Monument in his birthplace Piran

Giuseppe Tartini was the son of the director of the salt mills in Pirano, who had planned a spiritual career for his son. Tartini first studied humanities , rhetoric and music in Capodistria . In 1709 he was enrolled as a law student at the University of Padua , but spent most of his time teaching fencing . He openly opposed the career aspirations of his devout parents and on July 29, 1710 married Elisabetha Premazore, two years his senior, who came from lower social circles. This brought him into trouble with the family and the local clergy and led him to flee to the monastery of S. Francesco in Assisi , where he was protected by Abbot Padre G. P. Torre for three years. Here he devoted himself to playing the violin autodidactically and most likely received composition lessons from Padre Bohuslav Matěj Černohorský . From 1714 he worked as an orchestral musician in Assisi and at the Ancona theater. In 1721 he was entrusted with the management of the orchestra of the Basilica of St. Anthony (Padua) . From this position he was able to undertake several trips, he also spent several years in Prague , where he was crowned Charles VI. experienced.

Back in Padua he founded his music school, which attracted musicians from all over Europe. a. Gaetano Pugnani , Pasquale Bini , Johann Gottlieb Graun , Joseph Touchemoulin , Maddalena Sirmen , Pieter Hellendaal , André-Noël Pagin or Carminato . After the death of his wife, he shared an apartment with the cellist Antonio Vandini , whom he knew from Prague and for whom he composed his cello concertos. In Padua Pietro Nardini became his favorite student. Tartini wrote many works on music theory, including one on the art of ornamentation , which Leopold Mozart may have used as a model for his violin school . The theoretical works published in the following period, some of which were based on incorrect calculations, but also on personal experience, were heavily criticized and doubted by the competition at the time. Seriously offended by this controversy, Tartini died.

style

Tartini's style was subject to significant changes over time and was initially based on models such as Corelli and Vivaldi . The game was richly decorated in line with the baroque tradition, but later achieved a virtuoso pre-classical style. Tartini was famous for its cantable style and for its bowing . He was one of the first violinists to attach particular importance to the bow.

Tartini tones

The so-called Tartini tones are named after him . These are difference tones that result from the superposition of two individual tones of different frequencies . They are amplified by the non-linearity of the hair cells in the cochlea and by other non-linearities on the musical instrument, making them easier to hear. This applies above all to tones with a greater volume , in which these non-linearities are usually more pronounced. The perception of the difference tones is also used for medical diagnosis of the hearing.

plant

  • 135 concertos for violin, strings and basso continuo (published between 1728 and 1740)
  • 135 violin sonatas
    • Violin Sonata in G minor , Devil's Trill Sonata
    • Violin Sonata in G minor op. 1 No. 10, Didone abbandonata ( The Abandoned Dido )
  • 50 trio sonatas (1745–1750)
  • 32 Piccole Sonata (1745–1760)
  • L'arte dell'arco (50 variations on a gavotte by Arcangelo Corelli )
  • 5 concerts for flute and orchestra
  • 2 concerts for a deep string instrument (in the tenor / bass range), strings and basso continuo
  • Concerto for Trumpet and Orchestra in D major
  • As well as an unknown number of sacred vocal works

Publications

  • Trattato di musica secondo la vera scienza dell'armonia. Padua: G. Manfré 1754
  • De 'Principj dell'armonia musicale contenuta nel diatonico genere. Dissertazione. Padua 1767
  • Many of his works were printed by Michel-Charles Le Cène in Amsterdam during his lifetime , as well as by John Walsh in London and Le Clerc in Paris.

Adaptation

Appreciation

  • The Tartini Square , created in 1894, forms the center of Tartini's birthplace, Piran . The larger than life bronze statue of the composer was unveiled there on August 2, 1896. On the east side of the square is the house where Tartini was born, where memorial rooms ( spominska soba ) are set up on the first floor .
  • The Tartini Theater was built between 1909 and 1910 by the architects Gioacchino Grassi and Giacomo Zammattio about 150 meters southwest of Tartini Square. Since the opening of the auditorium ( Avditorij ) in Portorož , there have only been occasional performances.
  • A bronze bust of the composer can be found in the Basilica of St. Anthony in his main place of work, Padua .

Legend of the Devil's Trill Sonata

Illustration to the Devil's Trill Sonata by Louis-Léopold Boilly (1761–1845)

The following statement, which is said to have come from Tartini, is in the realm of a romanticizing legend.

“One night I dreamed that I had made a pact with the devil for my soul. Everything went according to my command, my new servant recognized all my wishes in advance. Then the idea occurred to me to let him have my fiddle and see what he would do with it. How great was my astonishment when I heard him play a sonata of such exquisite beauty with perfect skill that it exceeded my wildest expectations. I was delighted, carried away, and bewitched; I caught my breath and woke up. Then I picked up my violin and tried to understand the sounds. But in vain. The piece that I then wrote may be the best that I have ever composed, but it lags far behind what I heard in my dreams. "

literature

  • Minos Dounias: Giuseppe Tartini's violin concertos as an expression of an artistic personality and a cultural epoch . Edition Möseler, Wolfenbüttel 1966 (repr. Of the edition Wolfenbüttel 1935)
  • Lew Ginsburg: Giuseppe Tartini . Eulenburg, Zurich 1976
  • Lew Ginsburg: Tartini. His Life and Times . Paganiniana Publications, Neptune City, NY 1981, ISBN 0-87666-590-3
  • Johann Adam Hiller : Biographies of famous music scholars . Edition Peters, Leipzig 1979 (Ndr. D. Edition Leipzig 1784)
  • Constantin von Wurzbach : Tartini, Giuseppe . In: Biographisches Lexikon des Kaiserthums Oesterreich . 43. Part. Kaiserlich-Königliche Hof- und Staatsdruckerei, Vienna 1881, pp. 101–111 ( digitized version ).

Web links

Commons : Giuseppe Tartini  - collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Christian Wanka: The development of the bow and its manufacture. 2002, 15 pages ( Tartini sheet on p. 4; PDF; 444 kB ).
  2. ↑ Anke Gerbeth, Thomas M. Gerbeth: On the development of violin technique, bow holding and bow guidance. Retrieved October 22, 2018 .
  3. ↑ Tartini / undertones , Meyers Konversationslexikon, Volume 19, annual supplement 1891–1892, music theory literature (harmony) , page 659.
  4. ↑ Axel Brennicke: New Sounds in the Ear , Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung of January 5, 1994, page N1.
  5. ^ Stefan Drees: Counterpoint material questioning as a mode of historical reassurance. Luigi Dallapiccola's re-reading of the past . In: in: Luigi Dallapiccola, ed. by Ulrich Tadday, Munich: edition text + kritik 2012 (= music concepts 158), pp. 46–65 . ( academia.edu [accessed August 30, 2018]).
  6. ↑ Novella: Giuseppe Tartini , In: Der Musikalische Postillon , pp. 31, 32, 35, 36, 39, 40, 43, 44, 46, 47, 48, 50, 51 and 52. ( digitized version ).
  7. ↑ Oliver Pfau: The devil in classical music . on the website fu-berlin.de of the FU Berlin.
personal data
SURNAME Tartini, Giuseppe
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Tartini, Giuseppe Alessandro Ferruccio (full name)
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Italian violin virtuoso and composer
DATE OF BIRTH April 8, 1692
PLACE OF BIRTH Pirano near Trieste
DATE OF DEATH February 26, 1770
Place of death Padua