Golden record
A gold record is in the music industry a price of musicians , producers and composers for the sale of a minimum number of audio or visual media , all formats such is awarded in a country CD , LP , DVD , Blu-ray and downloads counted become.
In addition, there is the platinum record award for even higher sales, usually twice as high as for the gold record. To further increase there is triple gold, double platinum, quintuple gold and so on, in some countries like the USA as a special increase the diamond record . The silver record for a lower number of units sold is only awarded in a few countries, such as Great Britain .
The prices are in the United States since 1958 by the Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA) and other countries since the 1970s by the International Federation of the Phonographic Industry awarded (IFPI). The golden record should stand as an award for an "artistically and economically successful production".
history
The idea of the gold record goes back to the record company American Record Corporation . Her director Arthur E. Satherly presented Gene Autry with a gold- plated copy of his single That Silver Haired Daddy of Mine in late 1931 , after it had sold over 500,000 times. On February 10, 1942, Glenn Miller received a gold record from the RCA-Victor record company during a radio broadcast for sales of over 1.2 million copies of Chattanooga Choo Choo . According to some sources, this is considered to be the first officially awarded gold record.
After the founding of the RIAA in 1952, the association took over the awarding of the gold record. He awarded his first gold record to Perry Como on March 14, 1958 for the single Catch a Falling Star . On July 6, 1958, the first award of the gold record for an album took place. It was the score for Oklahoma! .
Development of the procurement guidelines
United States
In 1976, the RIAA expanded the awards ceremony to include the platinum record for one million singles sold, and in 1984 the multi-platinum category for more than two million albums sold. On April 22, 1976, the first platinum award for more than 2 million copies sold of the single Disco Lady was given to singer Johnnie Taylor .
In 1988, only four singles reached gold status in the US. For comparison: In 1978, 61 singles were "gold-plated". Because of the increasingly sluggish sales of singles, the RIAA cut the guidelines in the gold and platinum categories for singles by half in 1989. On March 16, 1999, the RIAA introduced the diamond record for ten million albums or singles sold.
Awarding an award based on sales is problematic when the phonograms are sold on a commission basis , a practice common in the United States. The RIAA awarded a gold record to the band The Fixx on November 22, 1984 for 500,000 copies of the album Phantoms sold . However, about 150,000 copies went back to the record company, so actually only 350,000 copies were sold.
Germany
Until 1975, gold records were awarded to performers in Germany too, but this was done by the respective sound carrier manufacturer according to inconsistent and not officially verified criteria.
According to a guideline of January 1, 1976, the number of rated sales in Germany is determined based on the records sold to the trade that were reported to GEMA or another collecting society of the authors as domestic sales. It is therefore not a question of the number of records actually sold to the end customer .
The relevant minimum numbers were significantly reduced following a resolution of October 30, 2003 following declining sales in the music industry. In Germany, the hurdle for albums is now (instead of 250,000 as before September 24, 1999) retrospectively to January 1, 2003 at 100,000, for singles at 150,000 units. Samplers on which different artists or groups are represented can only receive a gold award if the majority of the pieces on the phonogram have not previously been published.
In Germany, the golden records are awarded by the record companies and registered with the Federal Association of the Music Industry . An independent auditor checks the information provided by the record companies. For the first time, gold records that had already been awarded were revoked from an artist at the end of 1990. An examination had shown that the record company of the Hamburg band Helloween had added the exports of the album Keeper of the Seven Keys Part 2 to the domestic sales in order to arrive at the required number of units sold.
However, there is no legal or other regulation about the award of the "precious metal". Only the record labels and music publishers affiliated to the Federal Association of the Phono Industry undertake to adhere to the sales volume for awarding a gold record. In contrast, any record company that is not affiliated to the association can independently award such awards to their artists; no matter how many units were actually sold. However, the hologram of the federal association is missing on these awards.
The record itself is not an original record by the artist in question, but either a normal long-playing record, which was then coated in an elaborate, chemical process to resemble gold, or a "mother" made of copper or other precious metal , 24 carat gold plated.
At some special awards ceremonies, a gold-like coated music cassette case was also added. In the CD age, “CD stampers” (“CD press mothers”) are made with 24-carat gold or blanks with an 18-carat medical gold layer are vaporized.
Since June 1, 2014, the diamond record has been awarded in Germany for 750,000 albums sold and 1,000,000 singles sold. At the same time, the guidelines for singles have been increased by a third, which means that gold is awarded for 200,000 singles sold and platinum for 400,000 singles sold.
Since June 7, 2014, the single charts have not only counted sales, but also so-called premium streams, i.e. access to streaming providers that are not counter-financed by advertising but are paid for by subscription. 200 streaming calls correspond to one sold unit, which, however, must be played for at least 31 seconds.
Special awards
- Since January 1, 1992, jazz productions have received the corresponding jazz awards when they have sold over 10,000 units.
- Since January 1, 2002, all music video audio and video carriers have been awarded gold or platinum status if they have been sold more than 25,000 or 50,000 times.
- Since January 1, 2008, the federal association has been awarding special gold records in the areas of audio books , comedy , children's radio plays and children's videos under the following conditions:
- Audiobook Award: for all audiobook productions that have sold more than 100,000 ( gold ) or 200,000 ( platinum ) copies.
- Audio Comedy Award: for all audio productions that have been sold more than 100,000 ( gold ) or 200,000 times ( platinum ).
- Video Comedy Award: for all video productions that have been sold more than 25,000 ( gold ) or 50,000 times ( platinum ).
- Kids Award: for all children's audio productions with sales over 100,000 ( gold ) or 200,000 ( platinum ).
- Children's Video Award: for all children's video productions with sales over 25,000 ( gold ) or 50,000 ( platinum ).
Switzerland
In Switzerland, the current hurdle for gold and platinum for singles is 15,000 and 30,000 copies and for albums from 2013 10,000 and 20,000 copies respectively; audio and video media must have been sold at least 3,000 or 6,000 times. Since 2013, there has been a further reduction in the French and Italian repertoire with 7,500 units for gold and 15,000 for platinum.
Previous hurdles:
- From 1989 to 2000 there was gold from 25,000 units sold and platinum from 50,000 units,
- from 2001 to 2005 there was gold from 20,000 units and platinum from 40,000 units,
- from 2006 to 2012 there was gold from 15,000 units and platinum from 30,000 units.
Austria
In Austria a gold record is awarded by IFPI Austria for 5,000 DVDs sold, 7,500 albums sold or 15,000 singles sold. The current hurdle for platinum is 30,000 for singles, 15,000 for albums and 10,000 for DVDs.
Iceland
Until 1992, the gold record was awarded in Iceland for 3,000 units sold, the platinum record for 7,500 units. As sales increased, the barriers were raised to 5,000 units sold for gold and 10,000 units for platinum. As of 2012, these hurdles apply in Iceland to both the national and the international repertoire. The same numbers apply to music video sales.
Records
In Germany, Herbert Grönemeyer is the most successful artists with 79 gold records for music products and additionally 27 for music videos (as of: September 24, 2012).
The world's most successful German artist is James Last with 208 gold records (as of September 24, 2012).
The highest number of awards for albums in the US went to Elvis Presley (90 gold, 52 platinum and 25 multi-platinum), followed by The Beatles (47/41/26) and Barbra Streisand (51/30/13).
Garth Brooks (8) has received the most diamond records in the USA (as of August 6, 2011) , ahead of the Beatles (6) and Led Zeppelin (6).
The group Les Enfoirés from France received 9 × gold, 44 × platinum and 13 × the diamond award nationally, internationally 21 × gold and 8 × platinum were added . (As of March 30, 2019)
Overview of the award rules
Country | Awarding organization | Sound carrier format | number of pieces | was standing | source | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
silver | gold | platinum | diamond | |||||
Argentina | CAPIF | All expenses | - | 20,000 | 40,000 | 250,000 | 2006 | Discos de Oro y Platino ( Memento of July 6, 2011 in the Internet Archive ) |
Australia | ARIA | album | - | 35,000 | 70,000 | 500,000 | 2018 | aria.com.au |
Singles | - | 35,000 | 70,000 | - | ||||
Music video | - | 7,500 | 15,000 | - | ||||
Belgium | BEA | Local editions | - | 10,000 | 20,000 | - | 2006 | ifpi.org (PDF) |
Foreign issues | - | 15,000 | 30,000 | - | ||||
Brazil | PMB | album | - | 50,000 | 125,000 | 500,000 | 2006 | abpd.org.br |
single | - | 25,000 | 50,000 | 100,000 | ||||
Music video | - | 25,000 | 50,000 | 100,000 | ||||
Chile | IFPI Chile | All expenses | - | 7,500 | 15,000 | - | 2007 | - |
Denmark | IFPI Denmark | album | - | 10,000 | 20,000 | - | 2011 | ifpi.dk |
single | - | 30,000 | 60,000 | - | ||||
Entertainment DVD | - | 10,000 | 20,000 | - | ||||
Germany | BVMI | album | - | 100,000 | 200,000 | 750,000 | 2014 A | musikindustrie.de |
single | - | 200,000 | 400,000 | 1,000,000 | ||||
Music video | - | 25,000 | 50,000 | - | ||||
Audio book | - | 100,000 | 200,000 | - | ||||
Jazz (singing and long play) | - | 10,000 | 20,000 | - | ||||
Children's repertoire B | - | 100,000 | 200,000 | - | ||||
Children's repertoire video | - | 25,000 | 50,000 | - | ||||
Comedy | - | 100,000 | 200,000 | - | ||||
Comedy video | - | 25,000 | 50,000 | - | ||||
Ecuador | SOPROFON | All expenses | - | 7,500 | 15,000 | - | 2007 | - |
Finland | Musiikkituottajat | album | - | 10,000 | 20,000 | - | 2010 | ifpi.fi |
single | - | 5,000 | 10,000 | - | ||||
Music video | - | 5,000 | 10,000 | - | ||||
France | SNEP | album | - | 50,000 | 100,000 | 600,000 | 2009 | snepmusique.com |
single | - | 150,000 | 250,000 | 400,000 | ||||
Music video | - | 7,500 | 15,000 | 60,000 | ||||
Country | Awarding organization | Sound carrier format | number of pieces | was standing | source | |||
silver | gold | platinum | diamond | |||||
Greece | IFPI Greece | Native album | - | 6,000 | 12,000 | - | 2012 | ifpi.org (PDF) |
Foreign album | - | 5,000 | 10,000 | - | ||||
single | - | 3,500 | 7,000 | - | ||||
Music video | - | 5,000 | 10,000 | - | ||||
Great Britain | BPI | album | 60,000 | 100,000 | 300,000 | - | 2006 | bpi.co.uk |
single | 200,000 | 400,000 | 600,000 | - | ||||
Music video | - | 25,000 | 50,000 | - | ||||
Hong Kong | IFPI / HKRIA | Album / single pop local | - | 15,000 | 30,000 | - | 2010 | ifpihk.org Gold Disc Award ( Memento from June 26, 2008 in the Internet Archive ) |
Album / single Pop international u. Classic | - | 7,500 | 15,000 | - | ||||
India | IMI | Foreign spending | - | 10,000 | 20,000 | - | 2006 | indianmi.org |
Classic / not classic | - | 10,000 | 40,000 | - | ||||
Price for regional sales | - | 60,000 | 120,000 | - | ||||
Domestic sales price | - | 100,000 | 200,000 | - | ||||
Indonesia | ASIRI | Native album | - | 35,000 | 75,000 | - | 2014 | ifpi.org (PDF) |
Foreign album | - | 5,000 | 10,000 | - | ||||
Ireland | IRMA | Album and single | - | 7,500 | 15,000 | - | 2007 | ifpi.org (PDF) |
Music video | - | 2,000 | 4,000 | - | ||||
Iceland | IFPI Island | All expenses | - | 5,000 | 10,000 | - | 2012 | ifpi.org ( Memento from July 26, 2011 in the Internet Archive ) |
Israel | IFPI Israel | All expenses | - | 20,000 | 40,000 | - | 2006 | - |
Italy | FIMI | Album and single | - | 25,000 | 50,000 | 500,000 | 2015 | fimi.it |
Japan | RIAJ | All expenses | - | 100,000 | 250,000 | 1,000,000 | 2005 | jetro.go.jp ; golddisc.jp |
Canada | MC | album | - | 40,000 | 80,000 | 800,000 | 2008 | musiccanada.com |
single | - | 40,000 | 80,000 | 800,000 | ||||
Music video | - | 5,000 | 10,000 | 100,000 | ||||
Malaysia | RIM | album | - | 15,000 | 25,000 | - | 2007 | ifpi.org (PDF) |
Mexico | AMPROFON | album | - | 50,000 | 100,000 | 500,000 | 2006 | ifpi.org (PDF) |
Music video | - | 10,000 | 20,000 | - | ||||
Country | Awarding organization | Sound carrier format | number of pieces | was standing | source | |||
silver | gold | platinum | diamond | |||||
New Zealand | RMNZ | Album and single | - | 7,500 | 15,000 | - | 2006 | rianz.org.nz |
Music video | - | 2,500 | 5,000 | - | ||||
Netherlands | NVPI | Pop music album | - | 25,000 | 50,000 | - | 2009 | nvpi.nl |
Serious music / jazz album | - | 10,000 | 20,000 | - | ||||
single | - | 10,000 | 20,000 | - | ||||
Music DVD | - | 30,000 | 60,000 | - | ||||
Norway | IFPI Norway | album | - | 15,000 | 30,000 | - | 2009 | ifpi.no |
Single and music video | - | 5,000 | 10,000 | - | ||||
Austria | IFPI Austria | album | - | 7,500 | 15,000 | - | 2013 | ifpi.at |
single | - | 15,000 | 30,000 | - | ||||
Music video | - | 5,000 | 10,000 | - | ||||
Peru | UNIMPRO | All expenses | - | 5,000 | 10,000 | - | 2007 | - |
Philippines | FINE | album | 15,000 | 30,000 | - | 2007 | ifpi.org (PDF) | |
Poland | ZPAV | single | - | 10,000 | 20,000 | 100,000 | 2015 | bestsellery.zpav.pl |
Native album, popular music | - | 15,000 | 30,000 | 150,000 | ||||
Foreign album, popular music | - | 10,000 | 20,000 | 100,000 | ||||
Serious music / jazz album | - | 5,000 | 10,000 | 50,000 | ||||
Soundtracks / Film Music | - | 10,000 | 20,000 | 100,000 | ||||
Music video, single and pop music | - | 5,000 | 10,000 | 50,000 | ||||
Music Video, Serious Music / Jazz | - | 2,500 | 5,000 | 25,000 | ||||
Portugal | AFP | album | - | 10,000 | 20,000 | - | 2007 | ifpi.org (PDF) |
single | 10,000 | 20,000 | 40,000 | - | ||||
Music video | - | 4,000 | 8,000 | - | ||||
Russia | NFPF | Local editions | - | 100,000 | 200,000 | - | 2007 | ifpi.org (PDF) |
Foreign issues | - | 10,000 | 20,000 | - | ||||
Country | Awarding organization | Sound carrier format | number of pieces | was standing | source | |||
silver | gold | platinum | diamond | |||||
Sweden | IFPI Sweden | single | - | 20,000 | 40,000 | 2010 | ifpi.se | |
album | - | 20,000 | 40,000 | - | ||||
Serious music / jazz / folk album | - | 10,000 | 20,000 | - | ||||
Music video | - | 5,000 | 10,000 | - | ||||
Switzerland | IFPI Switzerland | Singles | - | 10,000 | 20,000 | - | 2020 | hitparade.ch |
album | - | 10,000 | 20,000 | - | ||||
French and Italian albums | - | 7,500 | 15,000 | - | ||||
Music video | - | 3,000 | 6,000 | - | ||||
Singapore | RIAS | album | - | 7,500 | 15,000 | - | 2007 | ifpi.org (PDF) |
single | - | 5,000 | 10,000 | - | ||||
Spain | Promusicae | album | - | 40,000 | 80,000 | - | 2005 | promusicae.org |
single | - | 20,000 | 40,000 | - | 2009 | promusicae.es ( Memento from May 9, 2013 in the Internet Archive ) | ||
South Africa | RISA | album | - | 20,000 | 40,000 | - | 2005 | risa.org.za |
South Korea | RIAK | album | - | - | 250,000 | 1,000,000 | 2018 | gaonchart.co.kr |
single | - | - | 2,500,000 | 10,000,000 | ||||
Streaming | - | - | 100,000,000 | 1,000,000,000 | ||||
Turkey | MÜ-YAP | album | - | 100,000 | 200,000 | 300,000 | 2006 | mu-yap.org |
Ukraine | UMA | Local editions | - | 50,000 | 100,000 | 500,000 | 2003 | music.com.ua |
Foreign issues | - | 25,000 | 50,000 | 200,000 | ||||
Hungary | MAHASZ | Native album | - | 7,500 | 15,000 | - | 2006 | mahasz.hu |
Foreign album | - | 3,000 | 6,000 | - | ||||
Single, jazz album / classical music / language | - | 1,500 | 3,000 | - | ||||
Uruguay | CUD | All expenses | - | 2,000 | 4,000 | - | 2006 | cudisco.org |
United States | RIAA | Album and single | - | 500,000 | 1,000,000 | 10,000,000 | 2007 | riaa.com |
Music video | - | 50,000 | 100,000 | - | ||||
Vietnam | - | All expenses | - | 5,000 | 10,000 | - | 2006 | - |
Country | Awarding organization | Sound carrier format | number of pieces | was standing | source | |||
silver | gold | platinum | diamond |
See also
- Echo (music award)
- German record award
- List of artists with the highest number of BVMI certified recordings sales
Web links
- of all gold / platinum awards given in Germany since 1975
- Federal Association of the Music Industry in Germany: Maximum Gold / Platinum Awards (PDF; 35 kB) (Status: June 21, 2010)
- Association of the Austrian Music Industry: Database of gold / platinum awards
- The Best Selling Albums Ever ... Worldwide
- Golden Records - German manufacturer of golden records
Individual evidence
- ↑ Federal Association of the Music Industry ( Memento of the original from March 28, 2010 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ↑ German Music Information Center: "The Golden Record / Platinum Record"
- ↑ Bruce Eder: Gene Autry - Biography. In: cmt.com. Retrieved April 16, 2015 .
- ^ A b Gold & Platinum: History of Awards. In: riaa.com. RIAA, accessed April 16, 2015 .
- ↑ May 7, 1941 - Glenn Miller records "Chattanooga Choo Choo" for RCA Victor. In: Rhapsody in Books weblog. Retrieved April 16, 2015 .
- ↑ Glenn Miller. In: whoiswho.de. Retrieved April 16, 2015 .
- ^ Fred Bronson, The Billboard Book of Number One Hits , 1985, p. 432
- ↑ Pierre Hamilton: Measuring Up ( Memento of the original from June 2, 2008 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. . In: Exclaim !, Research Archive, April 2008. Viewed: June 25, 2009
- ↑ Gold and Platinum ... (No longer available online.) Archived from the original on December 1, 2010 ; Retrieved September 21, 2013 . Sighted: June 25th, 2009
- ↑ The date of the award is based on the information in the RIAA's online database . Status: October 1, 2009.
- ↑ William Knoedelseder: hits and backers: machinations in the music business . Ullstein publishing house, Frankfurt / M. / Berlin 1994, ISBN 3-550-06856-5 , p. 102.
- ↑ Happy Birthday, gold record! ( Memento of the original from February 6, 2013 in the web archive archive.today ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and not yet checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. , HR3, February 10, 2012
- ↑ a b c IFPI : Allocation Guidelines of the Association of the German Music Industry ( Memento of the original from March 28, 2010 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. Retrieved April 22, 2009
- ↑ a b Guidelines for gold and platinum records ( Memento of the original from December 22, 2009 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link has been inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. reverb24.de
- ↑ A third less for gold records . In: netzeitung.de , November 1, 2003; A third less for gold records ( Memento from December 24, 2003 in the Internet Archive )
- ↑ swisscharts: Helloween - Keeper Of The Seven Keys
- ↑ BVMI changes guidelines for singles and introduces the diamond record ( Memento of the original from June 26, 2014 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was automatically inserted and not yet checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ↑ Guidelines for Gold / Platinum Reports. (PDF) In: musikindustrie.de. Retrieved January 21, 2019 .
- ↑ precious metal. In: Hitparade.ch. Hung Medien, accessed February 28, 2015 .
- ↑ IFPI Austria Association: Database ( Memento of the original from September 26, 2012 on WebCite ) Info: The archive link was automatically inserted and not yet checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ↑ Gullið fyrir 5,000 suddenly. In: mbl.is. November 28, 1992; Retrieved June 21, 2012 (Icelandic).
- ↑ International Certification Award levels. (PDF; 94 kB) (No longer available online.) IFPI, March 2012, archived from the original on July 26, 2011 ; accessed on June 21, 2012 .
- ^ Federal Association of the Music Industry: Gold / Platinum database. Accessed on 24 September 2012 (at Artist Enter "Take That" in Award-grade "GOLD / PLATINUM ..." or "Music Video Award" and select only maximum ceremonies * Show ; platinum = 2 × Gold Select).
- ↑ Facts & Figures - James Last. (No longer available online.) In: jameslast.com. Archived from the original on September 23, 2012 ; Retrieved September 24, 2012 . Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ^ RIAA - Gold & Platinum - Artist Tallies. RIAA , accessed September 24, 2012 .
- ^ RIAA Diamond Awards. (PDF) IFPI , accessed on August 6, 2011 .
- ↑ Guidelines for Awarding Gold / Platinum Awards. (PDF) (No longer available online.) Bundesverband Musikindustrie , p. 3 , archived from the original on March 4, 2016 ; accessed on September 1, 2015 . Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.