Louis-Auguste-Victor de Ghaisnes de Bourmont
Louis-Auguste-Victor de Ghaisne, comte de Bourmont (born September 2, 1773 at Bourmont Castle in Anjou ; † October 27, 1846 ibid) was a French general and statesman, marshal and peer of France .
Life
Bourmont was an officer in the Royal Guard at the beginning of the French Revolution , emigrated with his father and became adjutant to the Prince of Condé , but returned to France in 1794 to fight the revolution with the army of emigrants in the Vendée uprising . At the head of the Chouans he conquered Le Mans in 1795 , but fled to London in 1796 , from where he returned to France in 1799 to once again fight the revolution in the Vendée.
When Napoleon came to power, he joined him, but was suspected after the attack by the infernal machine and was imprisoned in the citadel of Besançon in 1803 , from where he escaped to Portugal in 1805 .
Reconciled with Napoleon I by Junot , he became a colonel in the Army of Naples in 1808 and soon afterwards Général de brigade . In the campaigns of 1813 and 1814 he distinguished himself on several occasions, notably in the Battle of Dresden and in the defense of Nogent-sur-Seine (February 1814). He was wounded at Nogent-sur-Seine; Napoleon promoted him to the general de division .
On March 31, 1814, he joined the Bourbons and on May 31, he was given command of the 6th Military Division (Besançon). After Napoleon's return from Elba , he took over command of the 2nd Division of the Moselle Army in Flanders , but went to the allies on June 15, on the eve of the battle of Ligny , after he had attended the decisive council of war and learned of Napoleon's plans about what Napoleon decisively weakened. After the return of the Bourbons, Bourmont was particularly active in the condemnation of Neys .
As commander of a corps of the Spanish intervention army ( French invasion of Spain 1823) he defeated the constitutional officers at San Lucar la Major and occupied Seville , received the supreme command in Andalusia after the fall of Cádiz (23 September 1823) and became on 6 October 1823 Pair.
Recalled from Spain in 1824 because of his severity, he became Minister of War in the Polignac cabinet in 1829 . In 1830 he received the supreme command of the expedition against Algiers . The French troops with a strength of 37,000 landed on June 14 at Sidi Ferrusch near the city. De Bourmont forced Algiers to surrender on July 5th through skillful operations, for which he received the title of Maréchal de France on July 22nd . He resigned after the July Revolution and went to England on September 2 to join the expelled royal family.
On March 10, 1832, he was removed from the lists of the army and the pairs because he refused to take the oath of the July kingdom. In 1833 he briefly commanded Dom Miguel's troops in Portugal ( Miguelistenkrieg ) and later supported the Carlist in Spain with his advice . Most of the time he lived in seclusion at his castle Bourmont (French: Château de Bourmont).
Awards
- 1825: Grand Cross of the Legion of Honor
literature
- Bourmont, Louis Auguste Victor . In: Encyclopædia Britannica . 11th edition. tape 4 : Bishārīn - Calgary . London 1910, p. 332 (English, full text [ Wikisource ]).
Individual evidence
- ^ Algeria (history) . In: Brockhaus Konversations-Lexikon 1894–1896, Volume 1, p. 394.
| predecessor | Office | successor |
|---|---|---|
| Louis Victor de Caux de Blacquetot |
Minister of War of France August 8, 1829–31. July 1830 |
Étienne Maurice Gérard |
| personal data | |
|---|---|
| SURNAME | Bourmont, Louis-Auguste-Victor de Ghaisnes de |
| ALTERNATIVE NAMES | Bourmont, Louis-Auguste-Victor de Ghaisne comte de |
| BRIEF DESCRIPTION | French general, Minister of War, Marshal of France, Peer of France |
| DATE OF BIRTH | September 2, 1773 |
| PLACE OF BIRTH | Bourmont Castle , Anjou |
| DATE OF DEATH | October 27, 1846 |
| Place of death | Bourmont Castle , Anjou |