Charles Lyell

Sir Charles Lyell, 1st Baronet (* 14. November 1797 to Kinnordy in Forfarshire ; † 22. February 1875 in London ) was one of the most influential geologists of the 19th century, the actualism helped the general recognition and decisively to establish the theory of evolution by Charles Darwin supported.

biography

Charles Lyell was the oldest of ten children. His father of the same name, the botanist Charles Lyell , aroused early interest in the natural sciences.

After several private schools , he attended Exeter College at Oxford from 1816 and, at the suggestion of William Buckland , devoted himself to geology . From 1819 he studied law in London and soon became an avid member of the Geological Society of London . On a trip to Paris in 1823 he met Alexander von Humboldt and Georges Cuvier , and he also received inspiration from Louis Constant Prévost on excursions to the tertiary layers of the Parisian basin . In 1824 he presented his first geological work On a Recent Formation of Freshwater Limestone in Forfarshire . Admitted to the bar in 1825, he gave up this activity in 1827 and began a long and successful geological career with numerous publications. One of the focuses was the stratigraphy of the Cenozoic era , he led the organization of the Tertiary period , the terms Pliocene , Miocene and Eocene one.

After studying in England and Scotland , in 1828 and 1829 he first traveled to France with Roderick Murchison and then only to Italy from the north to Mount Etna in Sicily .

The cover picture of Lyell's Principles of Geology illustrates his ideas about the structure of the earth's crust and the formation of rocks.

These trips gave the impetus to the 3 volumes of the Principles of Geology , published between 1830 and 1833 , which became a scientific bestseller and reached 11 editions during his lifetime. The editions were continuously updated through his own knowledge gained on his numerous trips as well as through acquisitions from the specialist literature . Through clever marketing, the German translation was z. B. already announced with the delivery of the first volume in 1830, it quickly became known worldwide. In the English-speaking world in particular, he is seen as the founder of actualism and thus of modern geology.

In 1831 he took over a professorship in geology at King's College London , founded in 1829 , which he gave up in 1833. In particular, the royalties from the many requirements of the “Principles” enabled him to live as a private citizen from then on. In 1832 he married Mary Horner, the eldest daughter of the Scottish geologist and social reformer Leonard Horner . The marriage remained childless.

The 1830s were filled with trips to Spain , Germany, Switzerland , Scandinavia and Italy, all of which found expression in the further editions of the "Principles" and in the Elements of Geology published in 1838 .

In the 1840s, the Lyell's made two trips to North America . On the first trip in 1841/1842 with a focus on northern North America, he also visited the cliffs of Joggins in Nova Scotia , Canada , where he was led by Abraham Gesner from the geological survey in New Brunswick . The more tourism-oriented second journey in the years 1845-46 led far into the south to New Orleans and the river delta of the Mississippi . The travel reports Travels in North America in the years 1841-2 and A second visit to the United States of North America found a wide audience and were soon translated into German.

In the 1850s he continued his intensive travel activities throughout Europe, u. a. he visited the island of Madeira in 1854 , and published the knowledge gained. He increased his social activities and made connections with Lord John Russell . In 1848 he was knighted and with that began a long and friendly acquaintance with the royal family. He was a member of the committee for the London Industrial Exhibition in 1851 and helped reform Oxford University . He has received numerous awards and honorary degrees, including the Copley Medal in 1858 , the highest honor of the Royal Society of London, and he has served many times as the president of various scientific societies.

Sir Charles Lyell between 1865 and 1870

In 1863, The geological evidences of the antiquity of man , with which he professed Darwinism , appeared, the work achieved two more editions in that year alone. In 1871 The Student's Elements of Geology was published as a textbook for the study of geology. He died in 1875 revising the Principles for the 12th Edition and was buried at Westminster Abbey .

Lyell and the actualism

The widespread assumption that Lyell was the founder of actualism with the Principles of Geology does not do justice to the chronological sequence. As early as 1822, the history of the natural changes in the earth's surface, documented by tradition , appeared by Karl Ernst Adolf von Hoff , which Lyell, as the numerous mentions show, was very well known. This summary of the state of knowledge, which is still significant today, is largely so similar in form and content that it was probably the template for the "Principles". Hoff is thus the most important pioneer of actualism, which Lyell then helped to achieve a general breakthrough with greater literary skill.

The actualism was founded in the second half of the 18th century by the work of Bernhard Friedrich Kuhn , James Hutton and Ernst Friedrich Wrede . Wrede summarized the principles of actualism most clearly.

Lyell and the Pleistocene inland glaciations

Lyell's great influence had a major impact on the discovery of the Pleistocene inland glaciations . In the third volume of Principles of Geology he has for the (Chapter XI, p 148ff.) Boulders ( "erratic blocks") on the heights of the Swiss Jura only transport through icebergs thought possible, creating the drift theory. He held onto this theory for decades and, with the help of his authority, ensured that it remained the dominant doctrine against all other findings until 1875 (→ Quaternary research ). Only in The geological evidences of the antiquity of man did he accept that there were ice sheets in Scandinavia, Scotland and northern North America , from which the "erratic blocks" should have been distributed by floating icebergs, as is currently the case from Greenland .

Lyell and the theory of evolution

After Charles Darwin returned from his five-year trip around the world on the HMS Beagle in 1836, a friendship began with Lyell that was to both of them greatly beneficial. On this trip Darwin had studied the first volume of the "Principles" he had taken with him and made many relevant observations.

Darwin had not worked on the first rough version of the theory of evolution from 1844 and only informed Lyell and Joseph Dalton Hooker about the project. Both had unsuccessfully urged it to be published soon in order to secure priority . In 1858, when Alfred Russel Wallace , with whom he had been in correspondence for a long time, sent the manuscript of an evolutionary theory that he had developed and which was almost identical to Darwin's draft, the Ternate manuscript , for distribution to Lyell and possible publication Darwin in distress. Lyell and Hooker helped him publish a hastily completed manuscript along with Wallace's. In 1859, Darwin secured priority over evolution with the publication of On the Origin of Species . In addition to this arranged sequence, there is the accusation that Darwin took over parts of Wallace's manuscript (Merkel 2008).

Memberships

1826 member of the Royal Society .
1841 member of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences .
1845 Honorary Fellow of the Royal Society of Edinburgh .
1855 Corresponding member of the Prussian Academy of Sciences .
1857 member of the Leopoldina .
1857 External member of the Bavarian Academy of Sciences .
1863 member of the Prussian order Pour le Mérite for sciences and arts.
1871 Corresponding member of the Russian Academy of Sciences in Saint Petersburg .

Honors

1834 Royal Medal of the Royal Society .
1848 Elevation to Knight Bachelor .
1855 Honorary doctorate (Dr. jur. Hc) from Oxford University .
1858 Copley Medal from the Royal Society .
In 1860 John William Dawson named the extinct reptile species Hylonomus lyelli after him, which was discovered in 1852 on the world-famous cliff of Joggins in Canada .

In 1863, Mount Lyell in Tasmania was named after him.

In 1864 he was elected hereditary Baronet of Kinnordy in the County of Forfar.

In 1935 the lunar crater Lyell was named after him.

In 1973 a Martian crater was named after him. Lyell (Martian crater)

In South Georgia , the Lyell Glacier and, since 1991, Lyell Lake bear his name.

Since 1876 the Geological Society of London has awarded the Lyell Medal for special achievements in geology.

Publications (selection)

On a Dike of Serpentine cutting through Sandstone in the County of Forfar. Edinburgh 1825
On the recent Formation of Freshwater Limestone in Forfarshire. London 1829
On the Strata of the Plastic Clay Formation exhibited in the Cliffs between Christchurch Head, Hampshire, and Studland Bay, Dorsetshire. London 1829
On the Freshwater Strata of Hordwell Cliff, Beacon Cliff, and Barton Cliff, Hampshire. London 1829
On the Excavation of Valleys, as illustrated by the Volcanic Rocks of Central France. Edinburgh / London 1829
Principles of Geology. 3 volumes. London 1830-1833
- Principles of Geology. Volume 1 (1830): S. XVI, 1-511. [83]
- Principles of Geology. Volume 2 (1832): pp. XXII, 1-331. [84]
- Principles of Geology. Volume 3 (1833): pp. XIII, 1-398, Appendix. [85]
Geology textbook. 3 volumes. Leipzig / Quedlinburg 1832–1834
- Geology textbook. Volume 1, Issue 1 and 2 (1832-1833): pp. 1-205, XIII, 209-415.
- Geology textbook. Volume 2 (1835): pp. IV, 1–269, plates.
- Geology textbook. 3rd volume, 1st and 2nd issue (1834): pp. 1–163, 1–140, appendix, 10 plates.
On some fossil bones of the elephant and other animals, found near Salisbury. London 1834
On the tertiary deposits of the Cantal, and their relation to the primary and volcanic rocks. London 1834
On the tertiary fresh-water formations of Aix in Provence, including the coal-field of Fuveau. London 1834

On the Proofs of the Gradual Rising of the Land in certain parts of Sweden. London 1835
On the Change of Level of the Land and Sea in Scandinavia. London 1835
On the Cretaceous and Tertiary Strata of the Danish Islands of Zealand and Moen. London 1837
On certain phenomena connected with the Junction of Granite and Transition Rocks, near Christiania in Norway. London 1837
On a Freshwater Formation containing Lignite in Cerdagne in the Pyrenees. London 1838
Observations on the Loamy Deposit called Loess in the Valley of the Rhine. London 1838
On the occurrence of fossil vertebratae of fish of the shark family in the Loess of the Rhine, near Basle. London 1838
Elements of geology. London 1838
Elements of geology. Weimar 1839
On Vertical Lines of Flint, traversing Horizontal Strata of Chalk, near Norwich. London 1839
On the tubular cavities filled with gravel and sand called "Sand-pipes," in the chalk near Norwich. London 1839
On the Relative Ages of the Tertiary Deposits commonly called 'Crag', in the Counties of Norfolk and Suffolk. London 1839
On Remains of Mammalia in the Crag and London Clay of Suffolk. London 1840
On the discovery of Fossil Teeth of a Leopard, Bear, and other animals in a Crag Pit at Newbourn in Suffolk. London 1840
On the occurrence of Fossil Quadrumanous, Marsupial, and other Mammalia in the London Clay, near Woodbridge in Suffolk. London 1840
On ancient Sea Cliffs and Needles in the Chalk of the Valley of the Seine in Normandy. London 1841
Remarks on some Fossil and Recent Shells, collected by Captain Bayfield, RN, in Canada. London 1841
On the Occurrence of two Species of Shells of the Genus Conus in the Lias, or Inferior Oolite, near Caen in Normandy. London 1841
Principles of geology or the new changes in the earth and its inhabitants in relation to geological explanations. 2 volumes. Weimar 1841–1842
- Volume 1: History of the Progress in Geology and Introduction to this Science. Weimar 1842. pp. XX, 1-612, 6 plates. [86]
- Volume 2: The New Changes in the Inorganic World. Weimar 1841. pp. XX, 1-628, 33 plates. [87]
On the Occurrence of Graptolites in the Slate of Galloway in Scotland. London 1842
On the Boulder Formation or Drift, and associated freshwater deposits composing the mud cliffs of Eastern Norfolk. London 1842
On the Geological Evidence of the former existence of Glaciers in Forfarshire. London 1842
On the Freshwater Fossil Fishes of Mundesley, as determined by Prof. Agassiz. London 1842
On the Faluns of the Loire, and a comparison of their Fossils with those of the newer Tertiary Strata in the Cotentin, and on the relative age of the Faluns and Crag of Suffolk. London 1842
Some Remarks on the Silurian Strata between Aymestry and Wenlock. London 1842
Notes on the Silurian in the neighborhood of Christiania, in Norway. London 1842
On the Carboniferous and Older Rocks of Pennsylvania. London 1842
A Memoir on the Recession of the Falls of Niagara. London 1842
On the Tertiary Formations, and their connexion with the Chalk in Virginia and other parts of the United States. London 1842
On the Fossil Foot-prints of Birds and Impressions of Rain-drops in the Valley of the Connecticut. London 1842
Travels in North America in the years 1841-2; with geological observations on the United States, Canada, and Nova Scotia. 2 volumes. New York 1845
Notes on the Cretaceous Strata of New Jersey, and other Parts of the United States bordering the Atlantic. London 1845
On the probable Age and Origin of a Bed of Plumbago and Anthracite occurring in mica-schist near Worcester, Massachusetts. London 1845
On the Miocene Tertiary Strata of Maryland, Virginia, and of North and South Carolina. London 1845
Observations on the White Limestone and other Eocene or Older Tertiary Formations of Virginia, South Carolina, and Georgia. London 1845
Charles Lyell's travels in North America with observations of the geognostic conditions of the United States, Canada and New Scotland. Hall 1846
On the Age of the newest Lava Current of Auvergne, with remarks on some Tertiary Fossils of that Country. London 1846
Notice on the Coal-Fields of Alabama. London 1846
On the Newer Deposits of the Southern States of North America. London 1846
On Footmarks discovered in the Coal-measures of Pennsylvania, US London 1846
On the Ridges, Elevated Beaches, Inland Cliffs and Boulder Formations of the Canadian Lakes and Valley of St. Lawrence. London 1846
On the Tertiary Strata of the Island of Martha's Vineyard in Massachusetts. London 1846
On the Geological position of the Mastodon giganteum and associated fossil remains at Bigbone Lick, Kentucky, and other localities in the United States and in Canada. London 1846
On the upright fossil-trees found at different levels in the Coal strata of Cumberland, Nova Scotia. London 1846
On the Coal Formation of Nova Scotia, and on the age and relative position of the Gypsum accompanying marine limestones. London 1846
Coal Field of Tuscaloosa, Alabama. New Haven 1846
Observations on the Fossil Plants, of the Coal field of Tuscaloosa, Alabama. New Haven 1846
On the Delta and Alluvial Deposits of the Mississippi, and other points in the Geology of North America, observed in the years 1845, 1846. New Haven 1847
On the Structure and Probable Age of the Coal-field of the James River near Richmond, Virginia. London 1847
On the relative Age and Position of the so-called Nummulite Limestone of Alabama. London 1848
A second visit to the United States of North America. 2 volumes. New York / London 1849
Notes on some Recent Foot-prints on Red Mud in Nova Scotia. London 1849
On Craters of Denudation, with Observations on the Structure and Growth of Volvanic Cones. London 1850
Second trip to the United States of North America. 2 volumes. Brunswick 1851
- Volume 1: pp. XIV, 1-353. [88]
- Volume 2: pp. XII, 1-357. [89]
On Fossil Rain-marks of the Recent, Triassic, and Carboniferous Periods. London 1851
On the Tertiary Strata of Belgium and French Flanders. London 1852
On the Remains of a Reptile (Dendrerpeton Acadianum, Wyman and Owen) and of a Land Shell discovered in the Interior of an Erect Fossil Tree in the Coal-measures of Nova Scotia; with Notes on the Reptilian Remains by Prof. Wyman and Prof. Owen. London 1853
Letters to Mr. Beyrich. Berlin 1853
On the Geology of some parts of Madeira. London 1854
On Impressions of Rain-drops in Ancient and Modern Strata. London 1854
On the Blackheath Pebble-bed, and on Certain Phenomena in the Geology of the Neighborhood of London. London 1854
On the discovery of some fossil reptilian remains, and a land-shell in the interior of an erect fossil-tree in the coal measures of Nova Scotia. London 1854
On certain Trains of Erratic Blocks on the Western borders of Massachusetts, United States. London 1855
The Mississippi Delta. Hildburghausen / New York 1856 (?)
On the Structure of Lavas which have consolidated on steep slopes; with Remarks on the Mode of Origin of Mount Etna, and the Theory of 'Craters of Elevation' . London 1858
On the formation of Continuous Tabular Masses of Stony Lava on steep slopes; with Remarks on the Mode of Origin of Mount Etna, and the Theory of 'Craters of Elevation.' London 1859
The geological evidences of the antiquity of man. London 1863
The Student's Elements of Geology. New York 1871
The age of the human race on earth and the origin of the species by modification along with a description of the Ice Age in Europe and America. Leipzig 1874

Secondary literature

Adolf von Hoff (1822–1834): History of the natural changes in the earth's surface proven by tradition. 3 volumes. Gotha (Perthes).
- Volume 1 (1822): Changes in the relationship between land and sea. Pp. XX, 1-490. [90]
- 2. Volume (1824): History of the volcanoes and the earthquakes. S. XXX, 1-560. [91]
- Volume 3 (1834): The other changes affecting the dry land and islands. S. VIII, 1-513. [92]
To avoid collisions (announcement of the German translation of 'Principles of geology'). In: Isis von Oken. Year 1830 (Volume 23). Enclosure: Literarischer Anzeiger No. 18, page 4. Leipzig (Brockhaus) 1830. ( [93] Scan 769).
Charles Lyell and the Americans. In: Sheets for literary entertainment. Year 1846, Volume 2, No. 349. Leipzig (Brockhaus) 1846. pp. 1394–1396. [94]
Carl Hartmann (1849): The latest discoveries and research in geology, as a supplement to the geological works of Lyell and von Andern. Weimar (Voigt). S. XVI, 1-328, 4 plates. [95]
Katharine Murray Lyell (1881a): Life, Letters, and Journals of Sir Charles Lyell. Volume 1. London (Murray). S. XI, 1-475. [96]
Katharine Murray Lyell (1881b): Life, Letters, and Journals of Sir Charles Lyell. Volume 2. London (Murray). P. IX, 1-488. [97]
Thomas George Bonney (1895): Charles Lyell and modern Geology. New York (McMillan). S. VI, 1-224. [98]
Edward Bailey (1963): Charles Lyell. New York (Doubleday & Company). S. X, 1-214. [99]
Gottfried Zirnstein (1980): Charles Lyell . In: Biographies of outstanding natural scientists, technicians and doctors. Volume 48. Leipzig (Teubner). Pp. 1-104.
John Langdon Brooks (1984): Just Before the Origin: Alfred Russel Wallace's Theory of Evolution. New York (Columbia University Press). S. XV, 1-284. ISBN 0-231-05676-1 .
Liba Taub (1993): Evolutionary ideas and 'empirical' methods: the analogy between language and species in the works of Lyell and Schleicher . In: British Journal for the History of Science. Volume 26, Issue 2. 1993, pp. 171-193. DOI: [100]
Wolfgang W. Merkel (2008): Did Charles Darwin just copy everything? In: Die Welt from 09.06.2008. [101]
Martin JS Rudwick (2010): Worlds Before Adam. The Reconstruction of Geohistory in the Age of Reform. Chicago and London (University of Chicago Press). 614 pp. ISBN 978-0-226-73128-5 . [102]

Individual evidence

^ Bernhard Friedrich Kuhn: Attempt on the mechanism of the glacier. In: Magazine for the natural history of Helvetia. Volume 1. Zurich (Orell, Geßner, Füßli and Company) 1787. pp. 117-136. [1]
↑ James Hutton: Theory of the Earth; or an investigation of the Laws observable in the Composition, Dissolution, and Restoration of Land upon the Globe. In: Transactions of the Royal Society of Edinburgh. Volume 1. Edinburgh 1788. pp. 209-304. [2]
↑ James Hutton: Theory of the earth, or research into the laws according to which the formation, dispersion and restoration of the solid land on the earth's surface occurs. In: Collections of physics and natural history by some lovers of these sciences. 4th volume, 6th item. Leipzig (Dyck) 1792. pp. 225-268, 689-725. [3]
^ Ernst Georg Friedrich Wrede: Geological results from observations over part of the southern Baltic countries. Halle (Renger) 1794. S. XII, 1-204. [4]
^ Charles Lyell: The geological evidences of the antiquity of man. London 1863. p. 408. [5]
^ Fellows Directory. Biographical Index: Former RSE Fellows 1783–2002. (PDF) Royal Society of Edinburgh, accessed January 4, 2020 .
↑ The Order Pour le Mérite for Sciences and Arts, The Members of the Order, Volume I (1842–1881) , page 236 with Lyell's picture on the opposite page. Gebr. Mann-Verlag, Berlin 1975
^ Foreign members of the Russian Academy of Sciences since 1724. Charles Lyell. Russian Academy of Sciences, accessed September 27, 2015 (Russian).
^ Charles Lyell: On a Dike of Serpentine cutting through Sandstone in the County of Forfar. In: The Edinburgh journal of science. Volume 3, No. 5. Edinburgh and London 1825. pp. 112-126. [6]
^ Charles Lyell, On the recent Formation of Freshwater Limestone in Forfarshire, and on some recent Deposits of Freshwater Marl; with a comparison of recent with ancient Freshwater Formations; and an Appendix on the Gyrogonite or Seed-vessel of the Chara (Read December 17th, 1824). In: Transactions of the Geological Society of London. Second series, Volume 2. London (Taylor) 1829. pp. 73-96. [7]
^ Charles Lyell: On the Strata of the Plastic Clay Formation exhibited in the Cliffs between Christchurch Head, Hampshire, and Studland Bay, Dorsetshire. In: Transactions of the Geological Society of London. Second series, Volume 2. London (Taylor) 1829. pp. 279-286. [8th]
^ Charles Lyell: On the Freshwater Strata of Hordwell Cliff, Beacon Cliff, and Barton Cliff, Hampshire. In: Transactions of the Geological Society of London. Second series, Volume 2. London (Taylor) 1829. pp. 287-292. [9]
^ Charles Lyell, Roderick Impey Murchison : On the Excavation of Valleys, as illustrated by the Volcanic Rocks of Central France. In: The Edinburgh new philosophical journal. Volume 7 (April – October). Edinburgh / London 1829. pp. 15–48, 3 plates. [10]
^ Charles Lyell: Principles of Geology, being an attempt to explain the former changes of the Earth's surface by reference to causes now in operation. Volume 1–3. London (John Murray) 1830-1833. [11]
^ Charles Lyell: Textbook of Geology. An attempt to explain the earlier changes in the earth's surface by causes that are still effective (translated from English by Dr. Carl Hartmann ). 3 volumes. Leipzig / Quedlinburg (Basse) 1832–1834. [12]
^ Charles Lyell: On some fossil bones of the elephant and other animals, found near Salisbury. In: Proceedings of the Geological Society of London. Volume 1, No. 3 (1827). London (Taylor) 1834. pp. 25-26. [13]
^ Charles Lyell, Roderick Impey Murchison: On the tertiary deposits of the Cantal, and their relation to the Primary and Volcanic rocks. In: Proceedings of the Geological Society of London. Volume 1, No. 11 (1829). London (Taylor) 1834. pp. 140-143. [14]
^ Roderick Impey Murchison, Charles Lyell: On the tertiary fresh-water formations of Aix in Provence, including the coal-field of Fuveau. In: Proceedings of the Geological Society of London. Volume 1, No. 12 (1829). London (Taylor) 1834. pp. 150-152. [15]
^ Charles Lyell: On the Proofs of the Gradual Rising of the Land in certain parts of Sweden. In: Philosophical transactions of the Royal Society of London. Volume 125. London (Taylor) 1835. pp. 1-38, 2 plates. [16]
^ Charles Lyell: On the Change of Level of the Land and Sea in Scandinavia. In: Report of the British Association for the Advancement of Science. 4th meeting. London (John Murray) 1835. pp. 652-654. [17]
^ Charles Lyell: On the Cretaceous and Tertiary Strata of the Danish Islands of Zealand and Moen. In: Transactions of the Geological Society of London. Second series, Volume 5. London (Taylor) 1837. pp. 243-257. [18]
^ Charles Lyell: On certain phenomena connected with the Junction of Granite and Transition Rocks, near Christiania in Norway. In: Report of the British Association for the Advancement of Science. 7th meeting. London (John Murray) 1837. pp. 67-69. [19]
^ Charles Lyell: On a Freshwater Formation containing Lignite in Cerdagne in the Pyrenees. In: Proceedings of the Geological Society of London. Volume 2, No. 34 (1833-1834). London (Taylor) 1838. pp. 21-22. [20]
^ Charles Lyell: Observations on the Loamy Deposit called Loess in the Valley of the Rhine. In: Proceedings of the Geological Society of London. Volume 2, No. 36 (1833-1834). London (Taylor) 1838. pp. 79-85. [21]
^ Charles Lyell: On the occurrence of fossil vertebratae of fish of the shark family in the Loess of the Rhine, near Basle. In: Proceedings of the Geological Society of London. Volume 2, No. 43 (1835-1836). London (Taylor) 1838. pp. 221-222. [22]
^ Charles Lyell: Elements of Geology. London (Murray) 1838. pp. XIX, 1-543. [23]
^ Charles Lyell: Elements of Geology (from the English by Carl Hartmann). Weimar (Voigt) 1839. S. XVI, 1-455. [24]
^ Charles Lyell: On Vertical Lines of Flint, traversing Horizontal Strata of Chalk, near Norwich. In: Report of the British Association for the Advancement of Science. 8th meeting. London (John Murray) 1839. pp. 87-88. [25]
^ Charles Lyell: On the tubular cavities filled with gravel and sand called 'Sand-pipes', in the chalk near Norwich. In: The London, Edinburgh, and Dublin Philosophical Magazine and Journal of Science, series 3. Volume 15, Issue 96. London 1839. pp. 257-266. [26]
^ Charles Lyell: On the Relative Ages of the Tertiary Deposits commonly called "Crag", in the Counties of Norfolk and Suffolk. London 1839. pp. 313-330. [27]
^ Charles Lyell: On Remains of Mammalia in the Crag and London Clay of Suffolk. In: Report of the British Association for the Advancement of Science. 9th meeting. London (John Murray) 1840. pp. 69-70. [28]
^ Charles Lyell: On the discovery of Fossil Teeth of a Leopard, Bear, and other animals in a Crag Pit at Newbourn in Suffolk. In: Annals of natural history. Volume 4. London (Taylor) 1840. pp. 186-189. [29]
^ Charles Lyell: On the occurrence of Fossil Quadrumanous, Marsupial, and other Mammalia in the London Clay, near Woodbridge in Suffolk. In: Annals of natural history. Volume 4. London (Taylor) 1840. pp. 189-190. [30]
^ Charles Lyell: On ancient Sea Cliffs and Needles in the Chalk of the Valley of the Seine in Normandy. In: Report of the British Association for the Advancement of Science. 10th meeting. London (John Murray) 1841. pp. 111-113. [31]
^ Charles Lyell: Remarks on some Fossil and Recent Shells, collected by Captain Bayfield, RN, in Canada. In: Transactions of the Geological Society of London. Second series, Volume 6. London (Taylor) 1841. pp. 135-141, 1 plate. [32]
^ Charles Lyell: On the Occurrence of two Species of Shells of the Genus Conus in the Lias, or Inferior Oolite, near Caen in Normandy. In: The Annals and magazine of natural history. Volume 6. London (Taylor) 1841. pp. 292-297. [33]
^ Charles Lyell: Principles of geology or the new changes of the earth and its inhabitants in relation to geological explanations (based on the sixth original edition from the English by Carl Hartmann). Weimar (Voigt) 1841–1842.
^ Charles Lyell: On the Occurrence of Graptolites in the Slate of Galloway in Scotland. In: Proceedings of the Geological Society of London. Volume 3. London (Taylor) 1842. pp. 28-29. [34]
^ Charles Lyell: On the Boulder Formation or Drift, and associated freshwater deposits composing the mud cliffs of Eastern Norfolk. In: Proceedings of the Geological Society of London. Volume 3. London (Taylor) 1842. pp. 171-179. [35]
^ Charles Lyell: On the Geological Evidence of the former existence of Glaciers in Forfarshire. In: Proceedings of the Geological Society of London. Volume 3. London (Taylor) 1842. pp. 337-348. [36]
^ Charles Lyell: On the Freshwater Fossil Fishes of Mundesley, as determined by Prof. Agassiz. In: Proceedings of the Geological Society of London. Volume 3. London (Taylor) 1842, pp. 362-363. [37]
^ Charles Lyell: On the Faluns of the Loire, and a comparison of their Fossils with those of the newer Tertiary Strata in the Cotentin, and on the relative age of the Faluns and Crag of Suffolk. In: Proceedings of the Geological Society of London. Volume 3. London (Taylor) 1842. pp. 437-444. [38]
^ Charles Lyell: Some Remarks on the Silurian Strata between Aymestry and Wenlock. In: Proceedings of the Geological Society of London. Volume 3. London (Taylor) 1842. pp. 463-465. [39]
^ Charles Lyell: Notes on the Silurian in the neighborhood of Christiania, in Norway. In: Proceedings of the Geological Society of London. Volume 3. London (Taylor) 1842. pp. 465-467. [40]
^ Charles Lyell: On the Carboniferous and Older Rocks of Pennsylvania. In: Proceedings of the Geological Society of London. Volume 3. London (Taylor) 1842. pp. 554-558. [41]
^ Charles Lyell: On the Recession of the Falls of Niagara. In: Proceedings of the Geological Society of London. Volume 3. London (Taylor) 1842. pp. 595-602. [42]
^ Charles Lyell: On the Tertiary Formations, and their connexion with the Chalk in Virginia and other parts of the United States. In: Proceedings of the Geological Society of London. Volume 3. London (Taylor) 1842. pp. 735-742. [43]
^ Charles Lyell: On the Fossil Foot-prints of Birds and Impressions of Rain-drops in the Valley of the Connecticut. In: Proceedings of the Geological Society of London. Volume 3. London (Taylor) 1842. pp. 793-796. [44]
^ Charles Lyell: Travels in North America in the years 1841-2; with geological observations on the United States, Canada, and Nova Scotia. New York (Wiley and Putman) 1845. Volume 1: pp. VII, 1-251. Volume 2: P. VI, 1-231. [45]
^ Charles Lyell: On the Cretaceous Strata of New Jersey, and other Parts of the United States bordering the Atlantic. In: The Quarterly journal of the Geological Society of London. Volume 1, Part 1 (Proceedings). London 1845. pp. 55-75. [46]
^ Charles Lyell: On the probable Age and Origin of a Bed of Plumbago and Anthracite occurring in mica-schist near Worcester, Massachusetts. In: The Quarterly journal of the Geological Society of London. Volume 1, Part 1 (Proceedings). London 1845. pp. 199-207. [47]
^ Charles Lyell: On the Miocene Tertiary Strata of Maryland, Virginia, and of North and South Carolina. In: The Quarterly journal of the Geological Society of London. Volume 1, Part 1 (Proceedings). London 1845. pp. 413-429. [48]
^ Charles Lyell: Observations on the White Limestone and other Eocene or Older Tertiary Formations of Virginia, South Carolina, and Georgia. In: The Quarterly journal of the Geological Society of London. Volume 1, Part 1 (Proceedings). London 1845. pp. 429-442. [49]
↑ Charles Lyell: Charles Lyell's travels in North America with observations on the geognostic conditions of the United States, Canada and New Scotland (German by Dr. Emil Th. Wolff). Halle (Graeger) 1846. S. XII, 1–395, 21 illustrations. [50]
^ Charles Lyell: On the Age of the newest Lava Current of Auvergne, with remarks on some Tertiary Fossils of that Country. In: The Quarterly journal of the Geological Society of London. Volume 2, Part 1 (Proceedings). London 1846. pp. 75-80. [51]
^ Charles Lyell: Notice on the Coal-Fields of Alabama. In: The Quarterly journal of the Geological Society of London. Volume 2, Part 1 (Proceedings). London 1846. pp. 278-282. [52]
^ Charles Lyell: On the Newer Deposits of the Southern States of North America. In: The Quarterly journal of the Geological Society of London. Volume 2, Part 1 (Proceedings). London 1846. pp. 405-410. [53]
↑ Charles Lyell: On Foot Marks discovered in the Coal-measures of Pennsylvania, US In: The Quarterly journal of the Geological Society of London. Volume 2, Part 1 (Proceedings). London 1846. pp. 417-420. [54]
^ Charles Lyell: On the Ridges, Elevated Beaches, Inland Cliffs and Boulder Formations of the Canadian Lakes and Valley of St. Lawrence. In: Proceedings of the Geological Society of London. Volume 4. London (Taylor) 1846. pp. 19-22. [55]
^ Charles Lyell: On the Tertiary Strata of the Island of Martha's Vineyard in Massachusetts. In: Proceedings of the Geological Society of London. Volume 4. London (Taylor) 1846. pp. 31-33. [56]
^ Charles Lyell: On the Geological position of the Mastodon giganteum and associated fossil remains at Bigbone Lick, Kentucky, and other localities in the United States and in Canada. In: Proceedings of the Geological Society of London. Volume 4. London (Taylor) 1846. pp. 36-39. [57]
^ Charles Lyell: On the upright Fossil-trees found at different levels in the Coal strata of Cumberland, Nova Scotia. In: Proceedings of the Geological Society of London. Volume 4. London (Taylor) 1846. pp. 176-178. [58]
^ Charles Lyell: On the Coal Formation of Nova Scotia, and on the age and relative position of the Gypsum accompanying marine limestones. In: Proceedings of the Geological Society of London. Volume 4. London (Taylor) 1846. pp. 184-186. [59]
^ Charles Lyell: Coal Field of Tuscaloosa, Alabama. In: The American journal of science and arts. Series 2, Volume 1, No. 3. New Haven (Hamlen) 1846. pp. 371-376. [60]
^ Charles Lyell, CTF Bunbury: Observations on the Fossil Plants, of the Coal field of Tuscaloosa, Alabama. In: The American journal of science and arts. Series 2, Volume 2, No. 5. New Haven (Hamlen) 1846. pp. 228-233. [61]
^ Charles Lyell: On the Delta and Alluvial Deposits of the Mississippi, and other points in the Geology of North America, observed in the years 1845, 1846. In: The American journal of science and arts. Series 2, Volume 3, No. 7. New Haven (Hamlen) 1847. pp. 34-39. [62]
^ Charles Lyell: On the Structure and Probable Age of the Coal-field of the James River near Richmond, Virginia. In: The Quarterly journal of the Geological Society of London. Volume 3, Part 1 (Proceedings). London 1847. pp. 261-280, 2 plates. [63]
^ Charles Lyell: On the relative Age and Position of the so-called Nummulite Limestone of Alabama. In: The Quarterly journal of the Geological Society of London. Volume 4, Part 1 (Proceedings). London 1848. pp. 10-16. [64]
^ Charles Lyell: A second visit to the United States of North America. New York (Harper & Brother) and London (John Murray) 1849. Volume 1: pp. XII, 1-273. Volume 2: S. XI, 1-287. [65]
^ Charles Lyell: Notes on some Recent Foot-prints on Red Mud in Nova Scotia, collected by WB Webster of Kentville. In: The Quarterly journal of the Geological Society of London. Volume 5, Part 1 (Proceedings). London 1849. p. 344. [66]
^ Charles Lyell: On Craters of Denudation, with Observations on the Structure and Growth of Volvanic Cones. In: The Quarterly journal of the Geological Society of London. Volume 6. London / Paris / New York 1850. pp. 207–234. [67]
^ Charles Lyell: Second trip to the United States of North America (German by Ernst Diffenbach). Braunschweig (Vieweg and son) 1851.
^ Charles Lyell: On Fossil Rain-marks of the Recent, Triassic, and Carboniferous Periods. In: The Quarterly journal of the Geological Society of London. Volume 7, Part 1 (Proceedings). London 1851. pp. 238-247. [68]
^ Charles Lyell: On the Tertiary Strata of Belgium and French Flanders. In: The Quarterly journal of the Geological Society of London. Volume 8, Part 1 (Proceedings). London 1852. pp. 277-370, 4 plates. [69]
^ Charles Lyell, JW Dawson: On the Remains of a Reptile (Dendrerpeton Acadianum, Wyman and Owen) and of a Land Shell discovered in the Interior of an Erect Fossil Tree in the Coal-measures of Nova Scotia; with Notes on the Reptilian Remains by Prof. Wyman and Prof. Owen. In: The Quarterly journal of the Geological Society of London. Volume 9, Part 1 (Proceedings). London 1853. pp. 58-63, 3 plates. [70]
^ Charles Lyell: Letters to Mr. Beyrich . In: Journal of the German Geological Society. Volume 5. Berlin 1853. pp. 495-500. [71]
^ Charles Lyell: On the Geology of some parts of Madeira. In: The Quarterly journal of the Geological Society of London. Volume 10, Part 1 (Proceedings). London 1854. pp. 325-328. [72]
^ Charles Lyell: On Impressions of Rain-drops in Ancient and Modern Strata. In: Notices of the Proceedings at the meetings of the members of the Royal Institution, with abstracts of the discourses delivered at the evening meetings. Volume 1 (1851-1854). London (Nicol) 1854. pp. 50-53. [73]
^ Charles Lyell: On the Blackheath Pebble-bed, and on Certain Phenomena in the Geology of the Neighborhood of London. In: Notices of the Proceedings at the meetings of the members of the Royal Institution, with abstracts of the discourses delivered at the evening meetings. Volume 1 (1851-1854). London (Nicol) 1854. pp. 164-168. [74]
^ Charles Lyell: On the discovery of some fossil reptilian remains, and a land-shell in the interior of an erect fossil-tree in the Coal measures of Nova Scotia, with remarks on the origin of Coal-fields, and the time required for their formation. In: Notices of the Proceedings at the meetings of the members of the Royal Institution, with abstracts of the discourses delivered at the evening meetings. Volume 1 (1851-1854). London (Nicol) 1854. pp. 281-288. [75]
^ Charles Lyell: On certain Trains of Erratic Blocks on the Western borders of Massachusetts, United States. Royal Institution of Great Britain 04/27/1855. Pp. 1-12. [76]
^ Charles Lyell: The Mississippi Delta. In: Meyer's public library for regional, national and natural history. Volume 101. Hildburghausen / New York 1856 (?). Pp. 179-198. [77]
^ Charles Lyell: On the Structure of Lavas which have consolidated on steep slopes; with Remarks on the Mode of Origin of Mount Etna, and the Theory of 'Craters of Elevation' . In: Philosophical transactions of the Royal Society of London. Volume 148. London (Taylor) 1858. pp. 703-786. [78]
^ Charles Lyell: On the formation of Continuous Tabular Masses of Stony Lava on steep slopes; with Remarks on the Mode of Origin of Mount Etna, and the Theory of 'Craters of Elevation.' In: Proceedings of the Royal Society of London. Volume 9. London (Taylor) 1859. pp. 248-254. [79]
^ Charles Lyell: The geological evidences of the antiquity of man: with remarks on theories of the origin of species by variation. London (John Murray) 1863. S. XII, 1-520. [80]
^ Charles Lyell: The Student's Elements of Geology. New York (Harper & Brothers) 1871. pp. XXIV, 1-640. [81]
↑ Charles Lyell: The age of the human race on earth and the origin of the species by modification together with a description of the ice age in Europe and America (Authorized German translation of the original of the fourth edition from 1873 by Ludwig Büchner). Leipzig (Theodor Thomas) 1874. S. X, 1-519. [82]

Web links

Commons : Charles Lyell - collection of images, videos and audio files

Wikisource: Charles Lyell - Sources and full texts

Literature by and about Charles Lyell in the catalog of the German National Library

Books by and about Charles Lyell on the Internet Archive

Correspondence with Charles Darwin

Sir Charles Lyell's travels in New Brunswick, Canada, in 1852 . Natural Science Department, New Brunswick Museum, Saint John, New Brunswick, Canada

Charles Lyell in the dictionary of persons

personal data
SURNAME	Lyell, Charles
ALTERNATIVE NAMES	Lyell, Sir Charles (since 1848); Lyell, Sir Charles, 1st Baronet (since 1864)
BRIEF DESCRIPTION	British geologist
DATE OF BIRTH	November 14, 1797
PLACE OF BIRTH	Kinnordy , Forfarshire
DATE OF DEATH	February 22, 1875
Place of death	London

[1] Bernhard Friedrich Kuhn: Attempt on the mechanism of the glacier. In: Magazine for the natural history of Helvetia. Volume 1. Zurich (Orell, Geßner, Füßli and Company) 1787. pp. 117-136. [1]

[2] James Hutton: Theory of the Earth; or an investigation of the Laws observable in the Composition, Dissolution, and Restoration of Land upon the Globe. In: Transactions of the Royal Society of Edinburgh. Volume 1. Edinburgh 1788. pp. 209-304. [2]

[3] James Hutton: Theory of the earth, or research into the laws according to which the formation, dispersion and restoration of the solid land on the earth's surface occurs. In: Collections of physics and natural history by some lovers of these sciences. 4th volume, 6th item. Leipzig (Dyck) 1792. pp. 225-268, 689-725. [3]

[4] Ernst Georg Friedrich Wrede: Geological results from observations over part of the southern Baltic countries. Halle (Renger) 1794. S. XII, 1-204. [4]

[5] Charles Lyell: The geological evidences of the antiquity of man. London 1863. p. 408. [5]

[6] Fellows Directory. Biographical Index: Former RSE Fellows 1783–2002. (PDF) Royal Society of Edinburgh, accessed January 4, 2020 .

[7] The Order Pour le Mérite for Sciences and Arts, The Members of the Order, Volume I (1842–1881) , page 236 with Lyell's picture on the opposite page. Gebr. Mann-Verlag, Berlin 1975

[8] Foreign members of the Russian Academy of Sciences since 1724. Charles Lyell. Russian Academy of Sciences, accessed September 27, 2015 (Russian).

[9] Charles Lyell: On a Dike of Serpentine cutting through Sandstone in the County of Forfar. In: The Edinburgh journal of science. Volume 3, No. 5. Edinburgh and London 1825. pp. 112-126. [6]

[10] Charles Lyell, On the recent Formation of Freshwater Limestone in Forfarshire, and on some recent Deposits of Freshwater Marl; with a comparison of recent with ancient Freshwater Formations; and an Appendix on the Gyrogonite or Seed-vessel of the Chara (Read December 17th, 1824). In: Transactions of the Geological Society of London. Second series, Volume 2. London (Taylor) 1829. pp. 73-96. [7]

[11] Charles Lyell: On the Strata of the Plastic Clay Formation exhibited in the Cliffs between Christchurch Head, Hampshire, and Studland Bay, Dorsetshire. In: Transactions of the Geological Society of London. Second series, Volume 2. London (Taylor) 1829. pp. 279-286. [8th]

[12] Charles Lyell: On the Freshwater Strata of Hordwell Cliff, Beacon Cliff, and Barton Cliff, Hampshire. In: Transactions of the Geological Society of London. Second series, Volume 2. London (Taylor) 1829. pp. 287-292. [9]

[13] Charles Lyell, Roderick Impey Murchison : On the Excavation of Valleys, as illustrated by the Volcanic Rocks of Central France. In: The Edinburgh new philosophical journal. Volume 7 (April – October). Edinburgh / London 1829. pp. 15–48, 3 plates. [10]

[14] Charles Lyell: Principles of Geology, being an attempt to explain the former changes of the Earth's surface by reference to causes now in operation. Volume 1–3. London (John Murray) 1830-1833. [11]

[15] Charles Lyell: Textbook of Geology. An attempt to explain the earlier changes in the earth's surface by causes that are still effective (translated from English by Dr. Carl Hartmann ). 3 volumes. Leipzig / Quedlinburg (Basse) 1832–1834. [12]

[16] Charles Lyell: On some fossil bones of the elephant and other animals, found near Salisbury. In: Proceedings of the Geological Society of London. Volume 1, No. 3 (1827). London (Taylor) 1834. pp. 25-26. [13]

[17] Charles Lyell, Roderick Impey Murchison: On the tertiary deposits of the Cantal, and their relation to the Primary and Volcanic rocks. In: Proceedings of the Geological Society of London. Volume 1, No. 11 (1829). London (Taylor) 1834. pp. 140-143. [14]

[18] Roderick Impey Murchison, Charles Lyell: On the tertiary fresh-water formations of Aix in Provence, including the coal-field of Fuveau. In: Proceedings of the Geological Society of London. Volume 1, No. 12 (1829). London (Taylor) 1834. pp. 150-152. [15]

[19] Charles Lyell: On the Proofs of the Gradual Rising of the Land in certain parts of Sweden. In: Philosophical transactions of the Royal Society of London. Volume 125. London (Taylor) 1835. pp. 1-38, 2 plates. [16]

[20] Charles Lyell: On the Change of Level of the Land and Sea in Scandinavia. In: Report of the British Association for the Advancement of Science. 4th meeting. London (John Murray) 1835. pp. 652-654. [17]

[21] Charles Lyell: On the Cretaceous and Tertiary Strata of the Danish Islands of Zealand and Moen. In: Transactions of the Geological Society of London. Second series, Volume 5. London (Taylor) 1837. pp. 243-257. [18]

[22] Charles Lyell: On certain phenomena connected with the Junction of Granite and Transition Rocks, near Christiania in Norway. In: Report of the British Association for the Advancement of Science. 7th meeting. London (John Murray) 1837. pp. 67-69. [19]

[23] Charles Lyell: On a Freshwater Formation containing Lignite in Cerdagne in the Pyrenees. In: Proceedings of the Geological Society of London. Volume 2, No. 34 (1833-1834). London (Taylor) 1838. pp. 21-22. [20]

[24] Charles Lyell: Observations on the Loamy Deposit called Loess in the Valley of the Rhine. In: Proceedings of the Geological Society of London. Volume 2, No. 36 (1833-1834). London (Taylor) 1838. pp. 79-85. [21]

[25] Charles Lyell: On the occurrence of fossil vertebratae of fish of the shark family in the Loess of the Rhine, near Basle. In: Proceedings of the Geological Society of London. Volume 2, No. 43 (1835-1836). London (Taylor) 1838. pp. 221-222. [22]

[26] Charles Lyell: Elements of Geology. London (Murray) 1838. pp. XIX, 1-543. [23]

[27] Charles Lyell: Elements of Geology (from the English by Carl Hartmann). Weimar (Voigt) 1839. S. XVI, 1-455. [24]

[28] Charles Lyell: On Vertical Lines of Flint, traversing Horizontal Strata of Chalk, near Norwich. In: Report of the British Association for the Advancement of Science. 8th meeting. London (John Murray) 1839. pp. 87-88. [25]

[29] Charles Lyell: On the tubular cavities filled with gravel and sand called 'Sand-pipes', in the chalk near Norwich. In: The London, Edinburgh, and Dublin Philosophical Magazine and Journal of Science, series 3. Volume 15, Issue 96. London 1839. pp. 257-266. [26]

[30] Charles Lyell: On the Relative Ages of the Tertiary Deposits commonly called "Crag", in the Counties of Norfolk and Suffolk. London 1839. pp. 313-330. [27]

[31] Charles Lyell: On Remains of Mammalia in the Crag and London Clay of Suffolk. In: Report of the British Association for the Advancement of Science. 9th meeting. London (John Murray) 1840. pp. 69-70. [28]

[32] Charles Lyell: On the discovery of Fossil Teeth of a Leopard, Bear, and other animals in a Crag Pit at Newbourn in Suffolk. In: Annals of natural history. Volume 4. London (Taylor) 1840. pp. 186-189. [29]

[33] Charles Lyell: On the occurrence of Fossil Quadrumanous, Marsupial, and other Mammalia in the London Clay, near Woodbridge in Suffolk. In: Annals of natural history. Volume 4. London (Taylor) 1840. pp. 189-190. [30]

[34] Charles Lyell: On ancient Sea Cliffs and Needles in the Chalk of the Valley of the Seine in Normandy. In: Report of the British Association for the Advancement of Science. 10th meeting. London (John Murray) 1841. pp. 111-113. [31]

[35] Charles Lyell: Remarks on some Fossil and Recent Shells, collected by Captain Bayfield, RN, in Canada. In: Transactions of the Geological Society of London. Second series, Volume 6. London (Taylor) 1841. pp. 135-141, 1 plate. [32]

[36] Charles Lyell: On the Occurrence of two Species of Shells of the Genus Conus in the Lias, or Inferior Oolite, near Caen in Normandy. In: The Annals and magazine of natural history. Volume 6. London (Taylor) 1841. pp. 292-297. [33]

[37] Charles Lyell: Principles of geology or the new changes of the earth and its inhabitants in relation to geological explanations (based on the sixth original edition from the English by Carl Hartmann). Weimar (Voigt) 1841–1842.

[38] Charles Lyell: On the Occurrence of Graptolites in the Slate of Galloway in Scotland. In: Proceedings of the Geological Society of London. Volume 3. London (Taylor) 1842. pp. 28-29. [34]

[39] Charles Lyell: On the Boulder Formation or Drift, and associated freshwater deposits composing the mud cliffs of Eastern Norfolk. In: Proceedings of the Geological Society of London. Volume 3. London (Taylor) 1842. pp. 171-179. [35]

[40] Charles Lyell: On the Geological Evidence of the former existence of Glaciers in Forfarshire. In: Proceedings of the Geological Society of London. Volume 3. London (Taylor) 1842. pp. 337-348. [36]

[41] Charles Lyell: On the Freshwater Fossil Fishes of Mundesley, as determined by Prof. Agassiz. In: Proceedings of the Geological Society of London. Volume 3. London (Taylor) 1842, pp. 362-363. [37]

[42] Charles Lyell: On the Faluns of the Loire, and a comparison of their Fossils with those of the newer Tertiary Strata in the Cotentin, and on the relative age of the Faluns and Crag of Suffolk. In: Proceedings of the Geological Society of London. Volume 3. London (Taylor) 1842. pp. 437-444. [38]

[43] Charles Lyell: Some Remarks on the Silurian Strata between Aymestry and Wenlock. In: Proceedings of the Geological Society of London. Volume 3. London (Taylor) 1842. pp. 463-465. [39]

[44] Charles Lyell: Notes on the Silurian in the neighborhood of Christiania, in Norway. In: Proceedings of the Geological Society of London. Volume 3. London (Taylor) 1842. pp. 465-467. [40]

[45] Charles Lyell: On the Carboniferous and Older Rocks of Pennsylvania. In: Proceedings of the Geological Society of London. Volume 3. London (Taylor) 1842. pp. 554-558. [41]

[46] Charles Lyell: On the Recession of the Falls of Niagara. In: Proceedings of the Geological Society of London. Volume 3. London (Taylor) 1842. pp. 595-602. [42]

[47] Charles Lyell: On the Tertiary Formations, and their connexion with the Chalk in Virginia and other parts of the United States. In: Proceedings of the Geological Society of London. Volume 3. London (Taylor) 1842. pp. 735-742. [43]

[48] Charles Lyell: On the Fossil Foot-prints of Birds and Impressions of Rain-drops in the Valley of the Connecticut. In: Proceedings of the Geological Society of London. Volume 3. London (Taylor) 1842. pp. 793-796. [44]

[49] Charles Lyell: Travels in North America in the years 1841-2; with geological observations on the United States, Canada, and Nova Scotia. New York (Wiley and Putman) 1845. Volume 1: pp. VII, 1-251. Volume 2: P. VI, 1-231. [45]

[50] Charles Lyell: On the Cretaceous Strata of New Jersey, and other Parts of the United States bordering the Atlantic. In: The Quarterly journal of the Geological Society of London. Volume 1, Part 1 (Proceedings). London 1845. pp. 55-75. [46]

[51] Charles Lyell: On the probable Age and Origin of a Bed of Plumbago and Anthracite occurring in mica-schist near Worcester, Massachusetts. In: The Quarterly journal of the Geological Society of London. Volume 1, Part 1 (Proceedings). London 1845. pp. 199-207. [47]

[52] Charles Lyell: On the Miocene Tertiary Strata of Maryland, Virginia, and of North and South Carolina. In: The Quarterly journal of the Geological Society of London. Volume 1, Part 1 (Proceedings). London 1845. pp. 413-429. [48]

[53] Charles Lyell: Observations on the White Limestone and other Eocene or Older Tertiary Formations of Virginia, South Carolina, and Georgia. In: The Quarterly journal of the Geological Society of London. Volume 1, Part 1 (Proceedings). London 1845. pp. 429-442. [49]

[54] Charles Lyell: Charles Lyell's travels in North America with observations on the geognostic conditions of the United States, Canada and New Scotland (German by Dr. Emil Th. Wolff). Halle (Graeger) 1846. S. XII, 1–395, 21 illustrations. [50]

[55] Charles Lyell: On the Age of the newest Lava Current of Auvergne, with remarks on some Tertiary Fossils of that Country. In: The Quarterly journal of the Geological Society of London. Volume 2, Part 1 (Proceedings). London 1846. pp. 75-80. [51]

[56] Charles Lyell: Notice on the Coal-Fields of Alabama. In: The Quarterly journal of the Geological Society of London. Volume 2, Part 1 (Proceedings). London 1846. pp. 278-282. [52]

[57] Charles Lyell: On the Newer Deposits of the Southern States of North America. In: The Quarterly journal of the Geological Society of London. Volume 2, Part 1 (Proceedings). London 1846. pp. 405-410. [53]

[58] Charles Lyell: On Foot Marks discovered in the Coal-measures of Pennsylvania, US In: The Quarterly journal of the Geological Society of London. Volume 2, Part 1 (Proceedings). London 1846. pp. 417-420. [54]

[59] Charles Lyell: On the Ridges, Elevated Beaches, Inland Cliffs and Boulder Formations of the Canadian Lakes and Valley of St. Lawrence. In: Proceedings of the Geological Society of London. Volume 4. London (Taylor) 1846. pp. 19-22. [55]

[60] Charles Lyell: On the Tertiary Strata of the Island of Martha's Vineyard in Massachusetts. In: Proceedings of the Geological Society of London. Volume 4. London (Taylor) 1846. pp. 31-33. [56]

[61] Charles Lyell: On the Geological position of the Mastodon giganteum and associated fossil remains at Bigbone Lick, Kentucky, and other localities in the United States and in Canada. In: Proceedings of the Geological Society of London. Volume 4. London (Taylor) 1846. pp. 36-39. [57]

[62] Charles Lyell: On the upright Fossil-trees found at different levels in the Coal strata of Cumberland, Nova Scotia. In: Proceedings of the Geological Society of London. Volume 4. London (Taylor) 1846. pp. 176-178. [58]

[63] Charles Lyell: On the Coal Formation of Nova Scotia, and on the age and relative position of the Gypsum accompanying marine limestones. In: Proceedings of the Geological Society of London. Volume 4. London (Taylor) 1846. pp. 184-186. [59]

[64] Charles Lyell: Coal Field of Tuscaloosa, Alabama. In: The American journal of science and arts. Series 2, Volume 1, No. 3. New Haven (Hamlen) 1846. pp. 371-376. [60]

[65] Charles Lyell, CTF Bunbury: Observations on the Fossil Plants, of the Coal field of Tuscaloosa, Alabama. In: The American journal of science and arts. Series 2, Volume 2, No. 5. New Haven (Hamlen) 1846. pp. 228-233. [61]

[66] Charles Lyell: On the Delta and Alluvial Deposits of the Mississippi, and other points in the Geology of North America, observed in the years 1845, 1846. In: The American journal of science and arts. Series 2, Volume 3, No. 7. New Haven (Hamlen) 1847. pp. 34-39. [62]

[67] Charles Lyell: On the Structure and Probable Age of the Coal-field of the James River near Richmond, Virginia. In: The Quarterly journal of the Geological Society of London. Volume 3, Part 1 (Proceedings). London 1847. pp. 261-280, 2 plates. [63]

[68] Charles Lyell: On the relative Age and Position of the so-called Nummulite Limestone of Alabama. In: The Quarterly journal of the Geological Society of London. Volume 4, Part 1 (Proceedings). London 1848. pp. 10-16. [64]

[69] Charles Lyell: A second visit to the United States of North America. New York (Harper & Brother) and London (John Murray) 1849. Volume 1: pp. XII, 1-273. Volume 2: S. XI, 1-287. [65]

[70] Charles Lyell: Notes on some Recent Foot-prints on Red Mud in Nova Scotia, collected by WB Webster of Kentville. In: The Quarterly journal of the Geological Society of London. Volume 5, Part 1 (Proceedings). London 1849. p. 344. [66]

[71] Charles Lyell: On Craters of Denudation, with Observations on the Structure and Growth of Volvanic Cones. In: The Quarterly journal of the Geological Society of London. Volume 6. London / Paris / New York 1850. pp. 207–234. [67]

[72] Charles Lyell: Second trip to the United States of North America (German by Ernst Diffenbach). Braunschweig (Vieweg and son) 1851.

[73] Charles Lyell: On Fossil Rain-marks of the Recent, Triassic, and Carboniferous Periods. In: The Quarterly journal of the Geological Society of London. Volume 7, Part 1 (Proceedings). London 1851. pp. 238-247. [68]

[74] Charles Lyell: On the Tertiary Strata of Belgium and French Flanders. In: The Quarterly journal of the Geological Society of London. Volume 8, Part 1 (Proceedings). London 1852. pp. 277-370, 4 plates. [69]

[75] Charles Lyell, JW Dawson: On the Remains of a Reptile (Dendrerpeton Acadianum, Wyman and Owen) and of a Land Shell discovered in the Interior of an Erect Fossil Tree in the Coal-measures of Nova Scotia; with Notes on the Reptilian Remains by Prof. Wyman and Prof. Owen. In: The Quarterly journal of the Geological Society of London. Volume 9, Part 1 (Proceedings). London 1853. pp. 58-63, 3 plates. [70]

[76] Charles Lyell: Letters to Mr. Beyrich . In: Journal of the German Geological Society. Volume 5. Berlin 1853. pp. 495-500. [71]

[77] Charles Lyell: On the Geology of some parts of Madeira. In: The Quarterly journal of the Geological Society of London. Volume 10, Part 1 (Proceedings). London 1854. pp. 325-328. [72]

[78] Charles Lyell: On Impressions of Rain-drops in Ancient and Modern Strata. In: Notices of the Proceedings at the meetings of the members of the Royal Institution, with abstracts of the discourses delivered at the evening meetings. Volume 1 (1851-1854). London (Nicol) 1854. pp. 50-53. [73]

[79] Charles Lyell: On the Blackheath Pebble-bed, and on Certain Phenomena in the Geology of the Neighborhood of London. In: Notices of the Proceedings at the meetings of the members of the Royal Institution, with abstracts of the discourses delivered at the evening meetings. Volume 1 (1851-1854). London (Nicol) 1854. pp. 164-168. [74]

[80] Charles Lyell: On the discovery of some fossil reptilian remains, and a land-shell in the interior of an erect fossil-tree in the Coal measures of Nova Scotia, with remarks on the origin of Coal-fields, and the time required for their formation. In: Notices of the Proceedings at the meetings of the members of the Royal Institution, with abstracts of the discourses delivered at the evening meetings. Volume 1 (1851-1854). London (Nicol) 1854. pp. 281-288. [75]

[81] Charles Lyell: On certain Trains of Erratic Blocks on the Western borders of Massachusetts, United States. Royal Institution of Great Britain 04/27/1855. Pp. 1-12. [76]

[82] Charles Lyell: The Mississippi Delta. In: Meyer's public library for regional, national and natural history. Volume 101. Hildburghausen / New York 1856 (?). Pp. 179-198. [77]

[83] Charles Lyell: On the Structure of Lavas which have consolidated on steep slopes; with Remarks on the Mode of Origin of Mount Etna, and the Theory of 'Craters of Elevation' . In: Philosophical transactions of the Royal Society of London. Volume 148. London (Taylor) 1858. pp. 703-786. [78]

[84] Charles Lyell: On the formation of Continuous Tabular Masses of Stony Lava on steep slopes; with Remarks on the Mode of Origin of Mount Etna, and the Theory of 'Craters of Elevation.' In: Proceedings of the Royal Society of London. Volume 9. London (Taylor) 1859. pp. 248-254. [79]

[85] Charles Lyell: The geological evidences of the antiquity of man: with remarks on theories of the origin of species by variation. London (John Murray) 1863. S. XII, 1-520. [80]

[86] Charles Lyell: The Student's Elements of Geology. New York (Harper & Brothers) 1871. pp. XXIV, 1-640. [81]

[87] Charles Lyell: The age of the human race on earth and the origin of the species by modification together with a description of the ice age in Europe and America (Authorized German translation of the original of the fourth edition from 1873 by Ludwig Büchner). Leipzig (Theodor Thomas) 1874. S. X, 1-519. [82]