Karl Ernst Adolf von Hoff

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Karl Ernst Adolf von Hoff (born November 1, 1771 in Gotha ; † May 24, 1837 there ) was a German natural scientist , geologist and pioneer of actualism .

biography

Karl Ernst Adolf von Hoff was the son of Johann Christian von Hoff (1722–1801), secret assistant councilor and member of the ducal ministry, and his wife Johanna Friederike Sophie (1751–1806), a daughter of Heinrich Ludwig von Avemann (1696–1761 ), Secret senior consistorial councilor, born in Gotha. His brothers were:

  • Heinrich Ernst von Hoff (born September 29, 1782 in Gotha, † March 11, 1851 in Frankfurt am Main), general post director and cartographer;
  • Georg Wilhelm Friedrich von Hoff (born February 3, 1779 in Gotha; † 1862), officer.

From 1785 to 1788 he attended grammar school and until 1790 he studied law, physics and natural history at the University of Jena and from 1790 and 1791 in Göttingen . From 1791, von Hoff was the legation secretary of the secret chancellery in the diplomatic service of Duke Ernst II of Gotha-Altenburg and in the first decade of the 19th century the geographically significant two-volume work The German Empire before the French Revolution and after the Peace of Luneville was created. In 1808 he was appointed councilor and in 1811 head of the secret archive and assistant councilor. As a court official he led the reorganization of the University of Jena in cooperation with Johann Wolfgang von Goethe from 1817 to 1820. After the death of the last Duke of Saxe-Gotha-Altenburg , who died without descendants , Friedrich IV. , Von Hoff managed the complicated inheritance regulations and prevented the rich scientific and art collections in Gotha from being scattered at Friedenstein Castle . In 1826 he became a secret conference councilor and a member of the ministry. After working for a year, he resigned from this position and retired. Since 1826 he has been the board of trustees for the observatory and since 1832 the supervision of the scientific collections in Gotha. Von Hoff donated his extensive mineralogical collection to the Natural History Cabinet in Gotha in 1818. From 1829 until his death he headed the senior consistory presidium in Gotha as a secret councilor. His final resting place he found on the well Age graveyard called Gothaer cemetery I . When the cemetery was cleared in 1904, his grave was also leveled.

First by Ernst Friedrich von Schlotheim from Neptunism Abraham Gottlob Werner's convinced he turned in 1811 based on his own studies of basalt breakthroughs in Thuringia and Hesse from it and became a follower of Plutonists . In the 1810s he concentrated on researching the geological history of Thuringia and began collecting literature for his largest and groundbreaking work, the history of the natural changes in the earth's surface , which has been documented by tradition , which was published from 1822 . Through this fundamental work, which was interrupted by a 10-year break, he is the most important pioneer of actualism, which was then helped to a general breakthrough by Charles Lyell from 1830. The principles of actualism were founded in the second half of the 18th century through the work of Bernhard Friedrich Kuhn , James Hutton and Ernst Friedrich Wrede .

Memberships and honors

Works

  • Introduction and remarks on the study and method of treatment of mineralogy as a science, together with a brief overview of the most important recent advances and their current state. Leipzig 1801
  • The German Empire before the French Revolution and after the Peace of Luneville. 1st chapter. Gotha 1801
  • Answer of the author of the book: the German Empire before the French Revolution, and after the peace at Lüneville to the letter addressed to him by a free German nobleman. Gotha 1802
  • The German Empire before the French Revolution and after the Peace of Luneville. Part 2. Gotha 1805
  • Comments on what has recently happened in France to clarify the natural history of basalt. Weimar 1806
  • Mineralogical description of the Seeberg near Gotha. Frankfurt / Main 1807
  • The Thuringian Forest is particularly described for travelers. First or Northwest Half. Gotha 1807
  • Observation of the conditions of the basalt in some mountains in Hesse and Thuringia. Berlin 1811
  • The Thuringian Forest is particularly described for travelers. Second or southeastern half. Gotha 1812
  • Painting of the physical condition, especially of the mountain formations of Thuringia. Erfurt 1812
  • Description of the rubble mountains and the older seam mountains that surround the Thuringian Forest. Frankfurt / Main 1814
  • Geognostic overview of the Thuringian Forest. Frankfurt / Main 1815
  • Geographical-statistical outline of the states of the House of Saxony Ernestine Line. Weimar 1819
  • History of the natural changes in the surface of the earth as documented by tradition. 1st volume. Gotha 1822
  • History of the natural changes in the surface of the earth as documented by tradition. 2nd volume. Gotha 1824
  • Geognostic remarks on Carlsbad. Gotha 1825
  • Reminder of Blumenbach's services to geology. Gotha 1826
  • Historical development of the principles of succession observed in the ducal house of Saxony among relatives. Gotha 1826
  • Attempted height measurement of some places and mountains between Gotha and Coburg by observing the barometer. Gotha 1828
  • Height measurements in and around Thuringia. Gotha 1833
  • History of the natural changes in the surface of the earth as documented by tradition. 3rd volume. Gotha 1834
  • Germany according to its natural constitution and its past and present political conditions. Gotha 1838
  • History of the natural changes in the surface of the earth as documented by tradition. 4th volume. Gotha 1840
  • History of the natural changes in the surface of the earth as documented by tradition. 5th volume. Gotha 1841

Secondary literature

  • Friedrich Ratzel: Karl Ernst Adolf von Hoff. In: Allgemeine Deutsche Biographie. Volume 12. Leipzig 1880, pp. 564-565.
  • Otto Reich: Karl Ernst Adolf von Hoff, the pioneer of modern geology: a scientific biography. Leipzig (Veit) 1905. S. VI, 1–144.
  • Rudolf Möller: Karl von Hoff. In: New German Biography. Volume 9. Munich 1972. pp. 386-387. [29]
  • Franz Köhler: Gothaer ways in geography and cartography . Gotha 1987, 416 pp.
  • Karin thirty, Thomas Martens: Annals of my life: the diaries of Gotha geologist and civil servant Karl Ernst Adolf von Hoff 1771-1837. Weimar 2012. ISBN 978-3-941830-21-9 . 447 pp.

Individual evidence

  1. ^ A b Karl Ernst Adolf von Hoff: Observation on the conditions of the basalt on some mountains of Hesse and Thuringia. In: Magazine of the Society of Friends of Nature Research in Berlin for the latest discoveries in all of natural history. Volume 5. Berlin (Realschulbuchhandlung) 1811. pp. 347–362. [1]
  2. ^ Bernhard Friedrich Kuhn: Attempt on the mechanism of the glacier. In: Magazine for the natural history of Helvetia. Volume 1. Zurich (Orell, Geßner, Füßli and Company) 1787. pp. 117-136. [2]
  3. ↑ James Hutton: Theory of the Earth; or an investigation of the Laws observable in the Composition, Dissolution, and Restoration of Land upon the Globe. In: Transactions of the Royal Society of Edinburgh. Volume 1. Edinburgh 1788. pp. 209-304. [3]
  4. ↑ James Hutton: Theory of the earth, or research into the laws according to which the formation, dispersion and restoration of the solid land on the earth's surface occurs. In: Collections of physics and natural history by some lovers of these sciences. 4th volume, 6th item. Leipzig (Dyck) 1792. pp. 225-268, 689-725. [4]
  5. ↑ Ernst Friedrich Wrede: Geological results from observations over a part of the southern Baltic countries. Halle (Renger) 1794. S. XII, 1-204. [5]
  6. ^ Member entry of Karl von Hoff at the Bavarian Academy of Sciences , accessed on February 6, 2016.
  7. ↑ Holger Krahnke: The members of the Academy of Sciences in Göttingen 1751-2001 (= Treatises of the Academy of Sciences in Göttingen, Philological-Historical Class. Volume 3, Vol. 246 = Treatises of the Academy of Sciences in Göttingen, Mathematical-Physical Class. Episode 3, vol. 50). Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht, Göttingen 2001, ISBN 3-525-82516-1 , p. 116.
  8. ^ Member entry by Karl Ernst Adolph von Hoff at the German Academy of Natural Scientists Leopoldina , accessed on February 6, 2016.
  9. ↑ Karl Ernst Adolf von Hoff: Introduction and remarks on the study and treatment of mineralogy as a science, along with a brief overview of the most important recent advances and the current state of the same. In: Magazine for the entire mineralogy, geognosy and mineralogical description of the earth (Ed. Karl Ernst Adolf von Hoff). 1st volume, 1st issue. Leipzig (Roch and Compagnie) 1801. pp. 1-42. [6]
  10. ^ Karl Ernst Adolf von Hoff: The Teutsche Reich before the French Revolution and after the Peace of Luneville. 1st chapter. Gotha (Perthes) 1801. S. XII, 1-258. [7]
  11. ↑ Karl Ernst Adolf von Hoff: Answer of the author of the book: the German Empire before the French Revolution, and after the peace at Lüneville to the letter addressed to him by a free German nobleman. Gotha (Perthes) 1802. pp. 1-23. [8th]
  12. ^ Karl Ernst Adolf von Hoff: The Teutsche Reich before the French Revolution and after the Peace of Luneville. Part 2. Gotha (Perthes) 1805. S. XVI, 1-495. [9]
  13. ^ Karl Ernst Adolf von Hoff: Comments on what has recently happened in France to clarify the natural history of basalt. In: Magazine for the latest state of natural history with regard to the associated auxiliary sciences. 11th volume. Weimar (Landes-Industrie-Comptoirs) 1806. pp. 1-41. [10]
  14. ^ Karl Ernst Adolf von Hoff: Mineralogical description of the Seeberg near Gotha. In: Pocket book for the whole mineralogy, with regard to the newest discoveries. 1st year. Frankfurt / Main (Hermann) 1807. pp. 125-161. [11]
  15. ^ Karl Ernst Adolf von Hoff, Christian Wilhelm Jacobs: The Thuringian Forest especially for travelers portrayed. First or Northwest Half. 2 booklets. Gotha (Ettinger) 1807. pp. XXX, 1-288, VI, 291-690. [12]
  16. ^ Karl Ernst Adolf von Hoff, Christian Wilhelm Jacobs: The Thuringian Forest especially for travelers portrayed. Second or southeastern half. 2 booklets. Gotha (Ettinger) 1812. S. XXXXII, 1-243, 248-526. [13]
  17. ↑ Karl Ernst Adolf von Hoff: Painting of the physical condition in particular of the mountain formations of Thuringia. Erfurt (Beyer and Maring) 1812. pp. 1-48. [14]
  18. ↑ Karl Ernst Adolf von Hoff: Description of the rubble mountains and the older Flözgebirge, which surround the Thuringian Forest. In: Pocket book for the whole mineralogy, with regard to the newest discoveries. 8th year. Frankfurt / Main (Hermann) 1814. pp. 319-436. [15]
  19. ^ Karl Ernst Adolf von Hoff: Geognostic overview of the Thuringian Forest. In: Pocket book for the whole mineralogy, with regard to the newest discoveries. 9th year. Frankfurt / Main (Hermann) 1815. pp. 485-509. [16]
  20. ↑ Karl Ernst Adolf von Hoff: Geographical-statistical outline of the states of the House of Saxony Ernestine line. In: Latest country and ethnology. A geographic reader. Volume 20. Weimar (Landes-Industrie-Comptoir) 1819. 648 pp. [17]
  21. ↑ Karl Ernst Adolf von Hoff: History of the natural changes in the earth's surface proven by tradition. Volume 1: Changes in the Relationship between Land and Sea. Gotha (Perthes) 1822. pp. XX, 1-490. [18]
  22. ↑ Karl Ernst Adolf von Hoff: History of the natural changes in the earth's surface proven by tradition. Volume 2: History of volcanoes and earthquakes. Gotha (Perthes) 1824. pp. XXX, 1-560. [19]
  23. ^ Karl Ernst Adolf von Hoff: Geognostic remarks about Karlsbad. Gotha (Perthes) 1825. S. IV, 1-99. [20]
  24. ↑ Karl Ernst Adolf von Hoff: Memory of Blumenbach's services to geology. Gotha (Engelhard-Reyher) 1826. pp. 1–21. [21]
  25. ^ Karl Ernst Adolf von Hoff: Historical development of the principles of succession observed in the ducal house of Saxony among relatives. Gotha (Perthes) 1826. S. IV, 1-148. [22]
  26. ↑ Karl Ernst Adolf von Hoff: Heights measurement of some places and mountains between Gotha and Coburg attempted by barometer observation. Gotha 1828. pp. 1–33, 10 plates. [23]
  27. ^ Karl Ernst Adolf von Hoff: Height measurements in and around Thuringia. Gotha (Perthes) 1833. S. X, 1–128. [24]
  28. ↑ Karl Ernst Adolf von Hoff: History of the natural changes in the earth's surface proven by tradition. Volume 3: The other changes affecting the arid land and the islands. Gotha (Perthes) 1834. S. VIII, 1-513. [25]
  29. ^ Karl Ernst Adolf von Hoff: Germany according to its natural constitution and its previous and current political conditions. Gotha (Perthes) 1838. S. X, 1-441. [26]
  30. ↑ Karl Ernst Adolf von Hoff: History of the natural changes in the earth's surface proven by tradition. Volume 4: Chronicle of the earthquakes and volcanic eruptions, from the year 3460 before to 1759 of our calendar (published by KW Berghaus). Gotha (Perthes) 1840. S. VI, 1-470. [27]
  31. ↑ Karl Ernst Adolf von Hoff: History of the natural changes in the earth's surface proven by tradition. Volume 5: Chronicle of the earthquakes and volcanic eruptions, from 1760 to 1805, and from 1821 to 1832 AD. Born (published by KW Berghaus). Gotha (Perthes) 1841. S. II, 1-406. [28]

Web links

personal data
SURNAME Hoff, Karl Ernst Adolf von
BRIEF DESCRIPTION German naturalist and geologist
DATE OF BIRTH November 1, 1771
PLACE OF BIRTH Gotha
DATE OF DEATH May 24, 1837
Place of death Gotha