Louise Michel
Louise Michel (born May 29, 1830 at Vroncourt Castle in Vroncourt-la-Côte , Haute-Marne Department , † January 9, 1905 in Marseille ) was a French author and anarchist .
Early life
Louise Michel was born as the daughter of the maid Marianne Michel and the landlord of Vroncourt Castle, Etienne Charles Demahis, or his son. She was raised by her father's parents and enjoyed a liberal upbringing. According to her own statement, she came to her decided class position based on the distress of the farmers and the torment of animals, which she experienced directly in her childhood and youth: “She always describes the feeling of connection and solidarity as the main drive of her political rebellion - including and especially with the weakest and most defenseless: "At the core of my outrage against the strong, I find, as far back as I can remember, my disgust for cruelty to animals," it says in her memoir ". After the death of her grandfather in 1850, she passed the examination for teachers . Your rejection of Napoléon III. prevented her employment in the state school service. When she found a job in Paris in 1853 , the first thing she did was abandon morning prayers. She became a strong opponent of Bonapartism and took over the school after the director's death in 1866.
Paris
Michel was a nurse during the Paris Commune, looking after those wounded on the barricades .
During the siege of Paris she demanded resistance against the Prussians . After the Commune was consolidated, she joined the National Guard and offered to shoot Adolphe Thiers . Michel suggested destroying Paris in revenge for the city's surrender to the Germans.
She also stood by the Communards when they were executed in the Montmartre Cemetery and was closely associated with Théophile Ferré , who was shot in November 1871. Michel dedicated the farewell poem l'œillet rouge (The Red Carnation) to Ferré .
Victor Hugo dedicated his poem Viro Major Louise Michel. This award was arguably one of the sources of enthusiasm that drove her success, and gave her enemies much leverage. When she was brought before the 6th Council in December 1871, she defied her judges and defended the Commune. She spent 20 months in prison and was exiled to New Caledonia . During this time the people of Versailles gave her the names la Louve rouge, la Bonne Louise (The red she-wolf, the good Louise).
After the amnesty , she returned to Paris in 1880 and was sentenced to six years in prison on June 23, 1883 for calling for bakeries to be ransacked. In May 1885 she was pardoned again , but refused. In 1886 she published her memoir.
On January 22, 1888, after a lecture at the Théâtre de la Gaîté , Louise Michel was attacked by the royalist Catholic Pierre Lucas and wounded in the head with two pistol shots. She did not file a complaint.
When the French anarchists for the May 1, 1890 a rally planned, held recently rousing lectures in Lyon and was subsequently as deranged in a mental hospital in Vienne detained. She then lived in London , but returned to Paris in 1895.
She also wrote some dramas and, together with Jacques Guétré, the novel La misère (1881).
On September 4, 1904, she became a member of the Masonic lodge La Philosophie Sociale and held a conference on feminism there the next day .
Louise Michel died in Marseille on January 9, 1905. 120,000 people attended the funeral.
Honors
The Collège Louise-Michel is named after her.
The French directors Gustave Kervern and Benoît Delépine dedicated the film comedy Louise hires a Contract Killer (original title: Louise-Michel) to her in 2008 .
Louise Michel was honored on March 8, 2013 by the left animal liberation movement as an early proponent of the idea that liberation doesn't stop with humans.
Fonts
- Memoirs . Verlag Frauenpolitik, 1977 and 1979. Ed .: J. Monika Walther, translation: Claudine Acinde (revised new edition Unrast Verlag, Münster 2017, classic of the social revolt ).
- Correspondence with Henry Bauër . Excerpts printed in: Marcel Cerf: Le Mousquetaire de la Plume. Paris 1975, Académie de l'Histoire.
- Appropriation . bahoe books , Vienna 2013, ISBN 978-3-903022-12-6
- La Commune . Paris 1898, new edition Paris: Éditions Stock, Paris 1978
- Louise Michel - texts and speeches . bahoe books , Vienna 2019, editor and translation: Eva Geber
literature
- Ralf Höller : Louise Michel. From the Paris Commune to an icon of the international labor movement. Same in: I am the fight. Rebels and revolutionaries from six centuries. Page 171ff., Structure of TB Verlag, Berlin 2001.
- Michaela Kilian: No freedom without equality. Louise Michel (1830–1905), anarchist, writer, ethnologist, libertarian educator . Edition AV , Lich 2008, ISBN 978-3-936049-93-0 Series: Resistance Women, Volume 5
- Bernd Kramer (Ed. & Einl.): Louise Michel. Life, Ideas, Struggle, and the Paris Commune of 1871 . Karin Kramer Verlag , Berlin 2001, ISBN 3-87956-263-6
- Salomé Kestenholz: Equality in front of the scaffold. Portraits of French revolutionaries. Luchterhand Literaturverlag , Darmstadt 1988 ISBN 3-630-61818-9 (LM: pp. 61-104)
- Eva Geber : Louise Michel - The anarchist and the ogre. With a foreword by Ruth Klüger . bahoe books , Vienna 2018, ISBN 978-3-903022-74-4
Movie
- New Caledonia: Louise Michel, an anarchist in the penal colony . France 2019 (13 min.)
Web links
- Literature by and about Louise Michel in the catalog of the German National Library
- Louise Michel. In: FemBio. Women's biography research (with references and citations).
- Louise Michel - I was in love with the revolution
- Louise Michel and the Paris Commune
- Contemporary short biography in the album Mariani, Volume 10 , 1906, ( first page , second page , portrait and autograph , online on Gallica )
Individual evidence
- ^ Matthias Rude: Antispeciesism. The liberation of humans and animals in the animal rights movement and the left, Stuttgart 2013, p. 54.
- ↑ Académie de Grenoble, Mémoires - Louise Michel , available online ( Memento of the original dated February 6, 2009 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. , accessed May 9, 2009.
- ↑ francs-maçonnes célèbres ( Memento of the original from July 1, 2010 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. on the website of the Grande Loge Féminine de France, accessed November 22, 2010: C'est fort tardivement qu'elle découvre que des femmes pouvaient être Franc-maçonnes. Le 20 juillet 1904, elle est initiée à La Philosophie Sociale et déclare au lendemain de son initiation: “Il ya longtemps que j'aurais été des vôtres si j'eusse connu l'existence de loges mixtes, mais je croyais que, pour entrer in un milieu maçonnique, il fallait être un homme ” .
- ↑ L'initiation de Louise Michel on September 13, 1904, suivie de sa première conférence le lendemain sur le thème du féminisme ( Memento of the original of October 20, 2010 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link has been inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. from Yann Le Gigan's website, accessed November 22, 2010
- ^ Antispeciesist Action Tübingen: Women's Day 2013: Commemoration of Louise Michel , accessed on March 8, 2013.
| personal data | |
|---|---|
| SURNAME | Michel, Louise |
| BRIEF DESCRIPTION | French anarchist and author |
| DATE OF BIRTH | May 29, 1830 |
| PLACE OF BIRTH | Broucourt Castle, Haute-Marne department |
| DATE OF DEATH | January 9, 1905 |
| Place of death | Marseille |