Alfred Hegar

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Alfred Hegar

Ernst Ludwig Alfred Hegar (born January 6, 1830 in Bessungen , today a district of Darmstadt ; † August 5, 1914 in Oberried ) was a German gynecologist and obstetrician .

Origin and life

Alfred Hegar was the son of court medic and country doctor Johann August Hegar (1794–1882) and brother-in-law of the grammar school director Christian Boßler (1810–1877). His wife Eva Hegar (1831–1899) came from the Merck industrial family . Hegar's aunt Marie Juliane was married to the composer , music publisher and member of the state parliament Johann Anton André .

After studying medicine at the universities of Giessen , Heidelberg , Berlin and Vienna , he received his doctorate in Giessen in 1852 with the thesis ( On the excretion of chlorine compounds through the urine ). Then Hegar settled in his hometown Darmstadt as a military doctor and general practitioner. There he devoted himself mainly to obstetrics and pregnancy diagnostics and was appointed full professor of obstetrics and successor to Otto Spiegelberg (1830–1881) at the chair of gynecology and obstetrics at the University of Freiburg in 1864 , a position he held for 40 years held. In 1868 he took over the management of the newly opened university women's clinic. Alfred Hegar was elected to the Leopoldina in 1893 . In 1904 he retired .

Alfred Hegar died on August 5, 1914 on his Schirkenhof estate. His son Karl Hegar (1873–1952) headed the gynecological department of the St. Josef Hospital in Freiburg im Breisgau from 1903 to 1938 . He also founded the Freiburg Hegar Clinic , a private gynecological clinic that existed until 1993 on Wilhelmstrasse, right in Freiburg's old town .

Act

Hegar is considered a pioneer in surgical gynecology and has already consistently used antisepsis and asepsis . He researched the pathology of the placenta and diseases of the fetus. In 1879 he introduced the Hegar pins to dilate (enlarge) the cervical canal . He later studied genital tuberculosis and the role of the ovary in the female body. The Hegar sign is named after Hegar , a sign of pregnancy which was described by his assistant Reindl in 1884 and which Hegar promoted.

With his 1894 published work The sex drive. According to a social-medical study , Hegar is also one of the first advocates of negative eugenics or racial hygiene. He calls for eugenic measures to "put an end to at least the greatest damage of the current state of affairs and to limit the emergence of frail, wretched people". In 1905 he became an honorary member of the German Society for Racial Hygiene (DGR), which was founded in Berlin that year . His son Karl Hegar was a founding member of the Freiburg branch of the DGR in 1910 together with Eugen Fischer .

In 1898 the gynecologist founded the journal Articles on Obstetrics and Gynecology .

The estate of Alfred and Karl Hegar is kept in the archive of the University of Freiburg.

Renaming of the street and plaque at the "Hegarhaus"

The former Hegarstrasse in Freiburg, today Hilde-Mangold-Strasse

A street in Freiburg that has been named after Alfred Hegar since 1931 was renamed Hilde-Mangold- Strasse in 2018 following the recommendation of a commission of experts to review the Freiburg street names . Alfred Hegars "undeniable merits in the field of surgical gynecology and obstetrics go hand in hand with a contemporaneous way of thinking that is misanthropic and misogynistic, but also with the justification of racist and eugenic ideas", so the final report. Hegar connected “social Darwinist and biological ideas with demands on race hygiene”. On the building of the former Hegarklinik, now known as the “Hegarhaus”, a warning plaque was attached to Alfred and Karl Hegar as “masterminds of racial hygiene”, “which became an important part of the National Socialist ideology”.

Honors

  • Honorary citizen of Freiburg
  • Honorary member of the German Society for Obstetrics and Gynecology
  • Real secret advice

Fonts (selection)

literature

  • Eduard Seidler : The Medical Faculty of the Albert Ludwig University of Freiburg im Breisgau. Basics and developments . Berlin: Springer-Verlag 1991, pp. 218-221.
  • Alfred Hegar in memory: Celebration of the 100th birthday of Alfred Hegar and the 25th anniversary of the Upper Rhine Society for Obstetrics and Gynecology, on May 11, 1930 . Speyer & Kaerner, Freiburg im Breisgau 1930.
  • Paul Diepgen: German medicine and gynecology in the age of scientific beginnings by Alfred Hegar . German Medical Weekly, Berlin 1930, 56.
  • A. Mayer: Alfred Hegar and the shape change in gynecology since Hegar . Hans Ferdinand Schulz Verlag, Freiburg i Br. 1961.
  • Liselotte Buchheim:  Hegar, Ernst Ludwig Alfred. In: New German Biography (NDB). Volume 8, Duncker & Humblot, Berlin 1969, ISBN 3-428-00189-3 , pp. 205 f. ( Digitized version ).
  • H. Ludwig: Alfred Hegar (1830-1914). In: The gynecologist. Vol. 37, No. 2, 2004, pp. 176-178, doi : 10.1007 / s00129-003-1483-6 .
  • Werner E. Gerabek : Hegar, Alfred. In: Werner E. Gerabek, Bernhard D. Haage, Gundolf Keil , Wolfgang Wegner (eds.): Enzyklopädie Medizingeschichte. De Gruyter, Berlin / New York 2005, ISBN 3-11-015714-4 , p. 544.
  • Gianna Köper: The gynecologist Alfred Hegar (1830–1914). Life and work. Dissertation, University of Regensburg 2017, urn : nbn: de: bvb: 355-epub-367120

Web links

Commons : Alfred Hegar  - collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ^ A b Karl Hegar: Alfred Hegar, his descent and his family . In: German Medical Weekly . tape 56 , no. 2 , 2009, DNB  1168420601 , p. 62 .
  2. ↑ Merck, Heinrich Emanuel. Hessian biography. In: Landesgeschichtliches Informationssystem Hessen (LAGIS).
  3. ^ André, Johann Anton. Hessian biography. In: Landesgeschichtliches Informationssystem Hessen (LAGIS).
  4. ↑ Julia Littmann: Freiburg: From the Hegarklinik to the Hegarhaus. In: Badische Zeitung , February 1, 2012.
  5. ↑ Werner E. Gerabek: Hegar, Alfred. 2005, p. 544.
  6. ↑ M. Tschoudowski: De la dilatation du canal cervical (d'après Hegar). (1879) Arch Tocol 6: 737-755
  7. ↑ C. Reinl: A new, sure sign of pregnancy in the first few months . (1884) Prager Med Wochenschr. 9: 253-254.
  8. ↑ A. Hegar: Diagnosis of the earliest gestation period. (1895) Dtsch Med Wochenschr 21: 565-567
  9. ↑ University Archive Albert-Ludwigs-University of Freiburg: C0123: Estate Karl and Alfred Hegar .
  10. ↑ Frank Zimmermann: The gynecologist Alfred Hegar fought for racial hygiene. Badische Zeitung, October 26, 2016, accessed on March 17, 2020 .
  11. ↑ Detail page additional module street names - www.freiburg.de - culture and leisure / town history / street names. Retrieved March 17, 2020 .
  12. ↑ Buchheim, Liselotte, 1969: Hegar, Ernst Ludwig Alfred deutsche-biographie.de, accessed March 8, 2019. - Date of death: August 4.
personal data
SURNAME Hegar, Alfred
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Hegar, Ernst Ludwig Alfred (full name)
BRIEF DESCRIPTION German gynecologist
DATE OF BIRTH January 6, 1830
PLACE OF BIRTH Darmstadt
DATE OF DEATH August 5, 1914
Place of death Oberried