Johann Anton André

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Johann Anton André (born October 6, 1775 in Offenbach am Main ; † April 6, 1842 ibid) was a German composer and music publisher .

Johann Anton André

Life

Johann Anton André came from a Protestant-Reformed Huguenot family who immigrated from Saint-Gilles near Nîmes via Frankfurt am Main to Offenbach, at that time the capital of the sovereign Principality of Isenburg-Birstein, in 1699 . The regent at the time, Count Johann Philipp von Isenburg-Birstein promoted the immigration of French Huguenots into his domain; under his protection, a French Reformed community and the Huguenot town of Neu-Isenburg were founded in 1699.

Music store André in Offenbach

The grandfather, Marc André (1705–1751), married Marie Juliane Pfaltz, daughter of a cloth manufacturer from Mannheim, in Offenbach in 1737, and became a wealthy silk manufacturer. In 1774 the son Johann André (1741–1799) - Johann Anton's father - founded the Johann André publishing house, which is still family-owned, as part of today's André music store in Offenbach. He married Catharina Elisabeth Schmaltz (1739-1816), daughter of the banker Philipp Lorenz Schmaltz (1694-1770) in Mannheim .

Johann Anton was born as the couple's fifth child. He spent most of his youth in Offenbach, where he attended Latin school and received lessons in singing as well as piano and violin from his father. From 1787 to 1789 he was a pupil of Ferdinand Fränzl (1767-1833) and for another two years first violinist in the theater orchestra under his father Ignaz Fränzl , the violinist and Mannheim court conductor. After he went to Mannheim in autumn 1789, he returned to Offenbach in 1790 and took composition lessons with Georg Jacob Vollweiler , music teacher and composer from Frankfurt am Main, who temporarily lived in the house of the André family in Offenbach , in 1790/91 . Also in 1790 he took over as a violinist "arrangement and direction of an actor's company until its closure". In 1796 he enrolled for a short time at the University of Jena, attended lectures a. a. on the theory of poetry with Karl David Ilgen and attended concerts that took place in Jena under the direction of Carl Stamitz . Because of the illness and death of his father, he returned to Offenbach and from 1798 he increasingly took over responsibility for his father's music publisher in 1799.

On the occasion of an art and business trip to Vienna in 1799, he acquired the musical estate of Mozart from his widow Constanze for 3,150 guilders and brought it from Vienna to Offenbach. The collection of over 270 autographs included the operas Figaro and Magic Flute , a number of string quartets and quintets, several piano concertos and the serenade “ Eine kleine Nachtmusik ”. In the decades that followed, this collection formed the basis for the Mozart editions published by Johann André, which, if no arrangements are available, are distinguished by their extreme accuracy compared to the original manuscript. This accuracy in the case of handwritten documents that have now often been lost is of great importance for musicological research. A total of 79 first editions of Mozart's compositions were published by the publishing house Johann André - before and after Johann Anton Andrés death. It was not until 1841 that the “Thematic index of those original manuscripts by WA Mozart that were published by Councilor André in Offenbach a. M. owns ”, a kind of forerunner of the Köchel directory . On August 10 and 16, 1854, the Mozart autographs were transferred to the seven heirs, the Viennese piano maker Ernst Streicher, widower of Auguste André, Gustav André, Julius André, August André, Carl August André, Anton André and Jean Baptiste André distributed.

In 1803, André was awarded the diploma of Kapellmeister on behalf of Landgrave Ludwig X of Hesse-Darmstadt; In 1813 he was appointed "Princely Isenburg Real Councilor" by the sovereign Prince Carl Ludwig Moritz von Isenburg-Birstein. In 1808 André was accepted into the Freemasons' Association by the Frankfurt Freemason Lodge "Socrates for steadfastness". After founding the Offenbach lodge "Carl and Charlotte zur Treue" in 1812, he joined it a short time later.

In 1811 Johann Anton visited Alois Senefelder in Munich and found out about his work on a comprehensive work on the lithography he had developed. However, the planned publication of the book by Andrés Verlag failed due to excessive costs. The “Complete Textbook of Stone Printing” was therefore not published until 1818 in Munich and Vienna. In 1813, after Offenbach was occupied by the Prussians, he was appointed chief plenipotentiary of the committee that organized the Landsturm; From 1826 to 1829 he was the elder of the French Reformed community. Elected member of the 2nd Chamber of Estates of the Grand Duchy of Hesse in 1826, Johann Anton took part in their deliberations in 1828, 1829 and 1830. In 1827 the city of Bern awarded him the diploma of married citizenship after he had conducted the "Freemason Our Father" by Klopstock, his own composition.

In 1799 Johann Anton André met the court musician Franz Gleißner , who arranged the Mozart estate, and Alois Senefelder , the inventor of lithography , in Munich . André acquired the rights to the new printing process by contract. The new production method was first used commercially in Offenbach - by Senefelder and employees - to produce sheet music, and the Mozart piano concertos were the first lithographic sheet music prints from 1800.

family

On September 10, 1801, Johann André married Marie Juliane (Julienne) in Darmstadt, the daughter of the Darmstadt general lottery director Ernst Friedrich Hegar and his wife Anna Elisabeth, née Kleinschmidt. Of the 15 children in this marriage, eight survived the father. The following are mentioned: Karl August André (1806-1887), he took over the branch of the music business in Frankfurt am Main founded by his father in 1828, Julius André (1808-1880), organist, pianist and organ composer, Johann August André (1817-1887) , Music publisher, Jean Baptiste André (1803-1882), composer (especially songs) and ducal court conductor in Ballenstedt, Gustav André (life dates unknown), music publisher, Anton André (life dates unknown) and the daughter Auguste († 1847), who as his first wife was married to the piano manufacturer Johann Baptist Streicher in Vienna.

Aftermath

Due to Johann Anton André's contributions to Mozart's work reception, for example the first cataloging of the estate carried out by Andrés employee Heinrich Henkel (as the basis for the later Köchel index ), the city of Offenbach am Main was accepted into the pan-European association European Mozart Ways in the run-up to the Mozart year 2006 , with which a series of research was initiated in Offenbach am Main in order to document the historical musicological significance of the city on a European level. An important basis for this research is the historical archive of the Johann André publishing house, which no longer contains the original manuscripts, but instead, for example, the earliest printed editions based on these manuscripts. There are also exhibits on Johann Anton André's life and work in the House of City History in Offenbach am Main.

Portrait

  • (1) portrait in younger years; Half-left half-length portrait, copper engraving by Johann Heinrich Lips after Georg Oswald May; Inv.nr. A361
  • (2) Portrait of an older age, with cap, lithograph, printed by Joh. André; Inv.nr. 362;
  • (3) Portrait with skull cap and crossed arms, copper engraving, printed by André, Offenbach a. M .; Inv.nr. A 363;

in: Peter Motzfeld (arrangement): The portrait collection of the Herzog August Library Wolfenbüttel. Biographical and bibliographical descriptions with artist register IA – Bra. KG Saur, Munich 1996, p. 46/47.

Works

  • A. André's, Grand Ducal Hessian Capellmeister and Princely Isenburg Real Court Councilor, textbook of the art of clay setting. First volume, containing the teaching on the formation of the accords and their 2nd, 3rd, 4th and polyphonic treatment of modulation and evasion according to all major and minor keys and the chorale (...). Verlag der Musikalienhandlung von Johann André, Offenbach a. M. 1832. [print] Frankfurt a. M., André'sche Druckerey. - Volume 2, Offenbach a. M. 1838.

Even before 1892 - before he learned the art of composing music - Andrée composed numerous sonatas and sonatinas, symphonies, oratorios as well as songs and cantatas, some of which were only published after his death, some of which were recently published. including pieces for the “Offenbach Lovers' Concert”, two operas : “The Women of Weinsberg” and “Rinaldo and Alcina”, “Proverbs for 4 voices”, Oboe Concerto op. 8, Flute Concerto op. 10, “The Peace of Tuiscons” (Cantata ), Double concerto for violin and violoncello, violin quartets, organ fantasy, four-hand fugue, four-hand sonata op. 12, double concerto for 2 horns (with Dornäus), symphonies for peace celebrations 4, 5 and 6, "Te deum laudamus, dedicated to Germany's victorious army", op. 18, 1814, symphony op. 25, 1810, masses , further instrumental concerts as well as chamber and piano music. He also published works by other composers, such as those by the aforementioned WA Mozart - now also using the lithography technique adopted by Senefelder, as follows:

  • Recueil de Cantiques pour le culte public & particulier. de l'inprimerie lithographique de J. André à Offenbach s / m 1817 (Psalms and cantatas for use in the Reformed French community in Frankfurt a. M., published by Charles Louis Brede, Offenbach a. M. 1787).
  • Georg Joseph Vogler : The 132nd Psalm (..) for 4 male voices, with (...) accompaniment of the piano forte set to music by Abbot Vogler . Score. André, Offenbach a. M. 1817.

literature

  • Ernst Ludwig Gerber (ed.): Historical-biographical lexicon of the Tonkünstler, which contains news of the life and works of musical writers, important composers, singers, masters of instruments, amateurs, organ and instrument makers. 1. Part A – M. Johann Gottlieb Immanuel Breitkopf, Leipzig 1790, column 42.
  • Johann Georg Meusel: Teutsches Künstlerlexikon or directory of German artists living now, together with a directory of libraries, art, coin and natural history cabinets in Germany and Switzerland that are well worth seeing. Meyer, Lemgo 1808. Vol. 2, p. 17.
  • Heinrich Eduard Scriba: André, Johann Anton , in: Biographisch-literarisches Lexikon der Writers of the Grand Duchy of Hesse in the first quarter of the nineteenth century. 1st Abth. Leske, Darmstadt 1831, pp. 6-9.
  • Gustav Schilling (arrangement): Encyclopedia of the Entire Musical Sciences or Universal Lexicon of Tonkunst (...). First volume. A. to Bq. Franz Heinrich Köhler, Stuttgart 1835, pp. 196-198.
  • Aloys Fuchs, member of the kk Hofcapelle: Biographical sketch of the grand ducal Hesse-Darmst. Capellmeister and Princely Isenburg'schen Hofrath, Johann Anton André , in: August Schmidt (Hrsg.): Allgemeine Wiener Musik-Zeitung, second year, No. 53 u. 54, 3. u. May 5, 1842, pp. 217-218.
  • Obituary. Joh. Anton André from Offenbach , in: Didaskalia. Leaves for mind, spirit and publicity. No. 103, April 14, 1842.
  • Arrey von Dommer :  André, Johann Anton . In: Allgemeine Deutsche Biographie (ADB). Volume 1, Duncker & Humblot, Leipzig 1875, p. 435.
  • Helmut Wirth:  André, Johann Anton. In: New German Biography (NDB). Volume 1, Duncker & Humblot, Berlin 1953, ISBN 3-428-00182-6 , p. 276 f. ( Digitized version ).
  • Hans Georg Ruppel, Birgit Groß: Hessian MPs 1820–1933. Biographical evidence for the estates of the Grand Duchy of Hesse (2nd Chamber) and the Landtag of the People's State of Hesse (= Darmstädter Archivschriften. Vol. 5). Verlag des Historisches Verein für Hessen, Darmstadt 1980, ISBN 3-922316-14-X , p. 54.
  • Jürgen Eichenauer (Ed.): Johann Anton André (1775–1842) and the Mozart estate. A treasure trove of notes in Offenbach am Main (= Offenbach Studies. Vol. 1). Publishing house and database for the humanities, Weimar 2006, ISBN 3-89739-509-6 .
  • Klaus-Dieter Rack, Bernd Vielsmeier: Hessian MPs 1820–1933. Biographical evidence for the first and second chambers of the state estates of the Grand Duchy of Hesse 1820–1918 and the state parliament of the People's State of Hesse 1919–1933 (= Political and parliamentary history of the State of Hesse. Vol. 19 = Work of the Hessian Historical Commission. NF Vol. 29) . Hessian Historical Commission, Darmstadt 2008, ISBN 978-3-88443-052-1 , p. 121.
  • Britta Constapel: The music publisher Johann André in Offenbach am Main: Studies on the publishing activities of Johann Anton André and a list of music from 1800 to 1840 (= Würzburg music history contributions , vol. 21) Tutzing 1998, ISBN 3-7952-0941-2 .
  • Jochen Lengemann : MdL Hessen. 1808-1996. Biographical index (= political and parliamentary history of the state of Hesse. Vol. 14 = publications of the Historical Commission for Hesse. Vol. 48, 7). Elwert, Marburg 1996, ISBN 3-7708-1071-6 , p. 54.

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Schilling, p. 197
  2. ↑ Schilling, p. 189
  3. ^ Necrology. Joh. Anton André from Offenbach, in: Didaskalia. No. 103, April 14, 1842
  4. ↑ from 1806 as Grand Duke Ludwig I
  5. ↑ https://www.lagis-hessen.de/de/subjects/print/sn/bio/id/672
  6. ↑ for 2 choirs and orchestra ad libitum; op. 50; Printed by André, Offenbach 1782, s. Johann Samuelersch (Hrsg.): Handbook of German literature. Second volume. FA Brockhaus, Leipzig 1840, p. 901
  7. ^ Obituary, in: Didaskalia. No. 103, April 14, 1842
  8. ^ NDB 1, 1953
  9. ↑ Schilling, p. 196
  10. ↑ u. a. in Schilling, p. 198
  11. ↑ https://books.google.de/books?id=mEJFAAAAcAAJ&pg=PR5&lpg=PR5&dq=Andr%C3%A9+Receuil+de+Cantiques+pour+le+culte+public
personal data
SURNAME André, Johann Anton
BRIEF DESCRIPTION German composer and music publisher
DATE OF BIRTH October 6, 1775
PLACE OF BIRTH Offenbach am Main
DATE OF DEATH April 6, 1842
Place of death Offenbach am Main