Abraham Jacobi

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Abraham Jacobi, 1912

Abraham Jacobi (born May 6, 1830 in Hartum , † July 10, 1919 in Bolton Landing, New York on Lake George ) was the founder of paediatrics in the United States. He opened the first children's hospital.

Life

Abraham Jacobi attended grammar school in Minden and, after graduating from high school, studied medicine at the universities of Greifswald , Göttingen and Bonn , where he received his doctorate in medicine in 1851 . During his studies in 1847 he became a member of the Alemannia Greifswald fraternity .

Shortly after graduating, he joined the revolutionary movement in Germany. He was arrested on charges of being a member of the Communist League . The Cologne communist trial ended with his acquittal on November 12, 1852, and Jacobi emigrated to the USA via England in 1853.

In 1860 Jacobi received the first American chair in teething at New York Medical College as a professor of teething , including work at Mount Sinai Hospital . He himself described the development in a lecture on September 23, 1904 at the International Congress of Sciences and Arts in St. Louis :

“ In the United States, pediatrics was taught by the professor of obstetrics and women and childhood diseases . (...) The reorganization of New York Medical College on East 13th Street in 1860 made it possible to set up a special polyclinic for childhood diseases. Instead of the community clinic for women (sic!) And children that Bedford , Gilman and GT Elliot had held in their respective schools, a special chair for childhood diseases was established. When our Civil War shut down school in 1865, I transferred the Children's Outpatient Clinic to the University Medical College, and in 1870 to the College of Physicians and Surgeons . "

From 1867 to 1870 he headed the medical school at the City University of New York . From 1870 to 1899 he was Professor of Pediatrics at Columbia University . Abraham Jacobi introduced bedside teaching into all medical education.

Jacobi was a co-founder of the American Journal of Obstetrics . He founded the Pediatric Section of the American Medical Association , and he was the first president of the American Pediatric Society . In 1904 he was elected to the American Academy of Arts and Sciences .

His first wife Fanny Jacobi, b. Meyer (1833–1856), was a sister of Sophie Boas, b. Meyer (1828–1916), mother of the ethnologist Franz Boas , who had also attended high school in Minden. From Jacobi's 1873 marriage with the physician Mary Corinna Putnam Jacobi (born August 31, 1842, † June 10, 1906) came the daughter Majorie McAneny. Mary Putnam was the first woman on the de L'Ecole Médecine in Paris for study has been approved.

Naming

  • The Jacobi Medical Center in New York's Bronx is named after Abraham Jacobi.

Works (selection)

author
  • Cogitationes de vita rerum naturalium . Cologne 1851 (Diss. Inaug. Physiol.)
  • Contributions to midwifery, and diseases of women and children. With a report on the progress of obstetrics , and uterine and infantile pathology in 1858 . By Emil Noeggerath and Abraham Jacobi. H. Baillière, London / New York 1859
  • Dentition and its Derangements. New York 1862.
  • The Raising and Education of Abandoned Children in Europe. New York 1870.
  • A Treatise on Diphtheria . Wood, New York 1880.
  • Volksmedicin New York 1885 (= lectures, edited by the German Sociable-Scientific Associations of New York 10)
  • Therapeutics of Infacy and Chile . Lippincott, Philadelphia 1898
  • Therapy of infants and children . Springer, Berlin 1898.
  • The current state of paediatrics and its relationship to the adjacent fields of knowledge . Springer, Berlin 1905. Reprinted under the title: The history of pediatrics and its relationship to the other arts and sciences . In: Theodor Hellbrügge (Hrsg.): Founders and foundations of paediatrics . Hansisches Verlagkontor, Lübeck 1979, pp. 71-112.
  • Memoirs from Prussian Prisons . In: Marx-Engels-Jahrbuch 5, Dietz Verlag, Berlin 1982, pp. 362–382
editor
  • Diseases of Children. An authorized translation from "Die deutsche Klini" under the general editorial supervision of Julius L. Salinger, MD With thirty-four illustrations in the text . D. Appleton and company, New York and London 1910.
Abraham Jacobi, etching v. JD Smillie, 1899

literature

  • Wermuth - Stieber : The Communist Conspiracies of the Nineteenth Century. In the official order for the use of the police authorities of all German federal states on the basis of the relevant judicial and police acts . 2 parts. AW Hayn, Berlin 1852–1854 (Reprint: Klaus Guhl, Berlin 1976)
  • Abraham Jacobi . In: Meyers Konversations-Lexikon . 4th edition. Volume 9, Verlag des Bibliographisches Institut, Leipzig / Vienna 1885–1892, p. 116.
  • "Festschrift" in honor of Abraham Jacobi, MD, LL.D. to commemorate the 70th anniversary of his birth. International contributions to medical literature May 6, 1900 . Knickerbocker Pr, New York 1900
  • Karl-Ulrich Tetzlaff: Revolutionary and Scientist. One of the first representatives of Marxism in German and American medicine . In. The doctor in the political decision. Halle (Saale) 1967, pp. 19-34
  • Dr. Abraham Jacobi In: Helmut Dressler: Doctors around Karl Marx. Volk und Gesundheit Verlag, Berlin 1970, pp. 87-104
  • Karl-Ulrich Tetzlaff: Jacobi, Abraham . In: History of the German labor movement. Biographical Lexicon. Dietz Verlag, Berlin 1970, pp. 225-227
  • Werner Unshelm: Abraham Jacobi as a socialist democrat, founder of American pediatrics and social medicine . Cologne 1973 (Univ., Med. Fac., Diss. From 1973)
  • Arno Herzig : Abraham Jacobi. The development towards a socialist and revolutionary democrat . Bruns, Minden 1980 (= Minden contributions to the history, regional and folklore of the former Principality of Minden 16.) (contains letters, documents, press articles)
  • Karl-Ulrich Tetzlaff: Memories of Abraham Jacobi - defendant in the Cologne communist trial in 1852 . In: Marx-Engels-Jahrbuch 5, Dietz Verlag, Berlin 1982, pp. 359-361
  • Klaus Marowsky: A medal on Abraham Jacobi. A Westphalian founded American paediatrics, in: Westfalia Numismatica 1988 (series of publications by Münzfreunde Minden 13), Minden 1988, pp. 117–120.
  • Helge Dvorak: Biographical Lexicon of the German Burschenschaft. Volume I: Politicians, Part 7: Supplement A – K, Winter, Heidelberg 2013, ISBN 978-3-8253-6050-4 . Pp. 498-499.

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Klaus Marowsky: A medal on Abraham Jacobi. Announcements of the Minden History Society, Volume 54 (1982), p. 155.
  2. ^ Theodor Hellbrügge (Ed.): Founder and foundations of paediatrics . Hansisches Verlagkontor, Lübeck 1979, p. 75f.
  3. ^ Theodor Hellbrügge (Ed.): Founder and foundations of paediatrics . Hansisches Verlagkontor, Lübeck 1979, p. 35.
personal data
SURNAME Jacobi, Abraham
BRIEF DESCRIPTION German-American pediatrician
DATE OF BIRTH May 6, 1830
PLACE OF BIRTH Hartum
DATE OF DEATH July 10, 1919
Place of death Lake George