Rose Bernd
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| Title: | Rose Bernd |
| Genus: | Naturalistic drama |
| Original language: | German |
| Author: | Gerhart Hauptmann |
| Premiere: | October 31, 1903 |
| Place of premiere: | German Theater Berlin |
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The play Rose Bernd (also Rose Berndt ) is a naturalistic drama by Gerhart Hauptmann in five acts . The premiere took place on October 31, 1903 in the Deutsches Theater in Berlin . It was filmed in 1919 as a silent film in black and white and in 1957 with sound and color.
In Vienna the play was premiered on February 11, 1904 at the Burgtheater . Archduchess Marie Valerie was present at the 5th performance on February 21st, ostentatiously left the performance and through her intervention ensured that the play was canceled the next day. As a result, the play was not performed at all in Bolzano at the instigation of "strictly moral" aristocratic women. In the spa town of Merano, however, it was performed in April in the presence of Archduke Ludwig Viktor with "resounding success".
Emergence
Rose Bernd was created between April and September 1903. Hauptmann served as a juror and had to decide the fate of a 25-year-old child murderer named Hedwig Otte. He was so touched by her fate that he - like the majority of the jury - voted for an acquittal. This also meant that he was later no longer called to the jury.
On the day of the negotiation, Hauptmann dictated a first rough version of the drama entitled "Rose Immoos" to his secretary. In contrast to his play Die Weber , he did not undertake lengthy research, but started executing it immediately. Hauptmann took over the circumstances and personalities directly from the process. There is no correspondence with his own life. The main character, Rose Bernd, is copied very precisely, other people have at least character traits. It is possible that he was inspired by Tolstoy's work The Power of Darkness , in which a child is murdered.
action
first act
The piece begins in a “fertile landscape” on a warm sunny Sunday morning in May. The 22-year-old Rose Bernd, who is described as healthy, capable, strong, beautiful and passionate, and the sympathetic, fun-loving, almost forty-year-old village mayor Christoph Flamm step out of the same bushes in quick succession (she “excited and with reddened cheeks”, he “Shy [...] but also amused”) and sit a little apart in the field. Since Rose fears that the people who are about to come from the church might find out about their relationship, she calls on Flamm to disappear again; especially since Rose is engaged to August Keil, an inconspicuous and feeble bookbinder, and she is supposed to marry him soon. In doing so, Rose shows consideration for her old father, who wants this marriage. And out of consideration for Frau Flamm, the village mayor's sick wife, for whom she has great respect, she wants to end the relationship with Christoph. Rose claims people are coming and Flamm is hiding. In fact, the vain machinist Arthur Streckmann comes. Obviously he was waiting for her and watching her with flame. When she refuses Streckmann, who makes her clear offers, he insults her and August. He threatens her to announce the relationship. Rose offers him all of her savings, but Streckmann doesn't want them. Now that the church is over, her father and fiance come over. Streckmann makes hints and thereby frightens Rose; However, Bernd and August do not notice anything.
Second act
The second act takes place in the living room in Flamms on a late spring day around 11 a.m. Mrs. Flamm, sitting in a wheelchair, lets in Rose's father Bernd and August, who want to register Rose and August's wedding with her husband, who is also a registrar as a village mayor. Flamm tries to dissuade the two of them from their wedding plans, pointing out that he will soon cede the business and that a successor would certainly make the wedding more solemn. However, August does not respond and has Flamm's rose fetched upon request. Rose comes in a little confused because Streckmann has spoken to her beforehand. Rose hesitates about the upcoming marriage (“we still have a bit of time”), which causes August and Bernd to leave indignantly. Flame and Rose are alone now. On this occasion he tries to meet her again. But when Mrs. Flamm comes in, her husband quickly leaves the room. Since Rose, who lost her mother at an early age, was also raised by Mrs. Flamm, she asks her for help. Rose says she is expecting a child but doesn't mention it is from Flamm.
Third act
On a summer afternoon in early August, Bernd and August take a break in a shady spot. You can hear the hum of Streckmann's threshing machine. A few more people join in and make teasing remarks to Bernd and August. Rose appears with the Vespers and they begin to eat. Suddenly the slightly drunk Streckmann arrives. Obviously he's looking for a fight, because he insults Rose and August and makes strange hints ("Quiet Woasser be deep ... Ma shouldn't shit blood at all. A's just getting worse, d'r thirscht!"). When Rose is packing up the Vespers again and is about to leave - the other workers have long been back in the fields - Flamm appears. When Rose rejects him again, he realizes that the relationship must be ended and leaves. Immediately afterwards Streckmann, who has been watching her again, comes and threatens Rose. He cannot understand why she has a relationship with Flamm but despises himself. As Streckmann becomes more and more intrusive, Rose yells for help. Bernd, August and a few other workers hurry up. A fight breaks out in which August loses an eye.
Fourth act
The fourth act takes place on a Saturday afternoon in early September in the same room as the second act. Flamm settles accounts with Streckmann for using the threshing machine. The two men talk, and Streckmann mentions that he wants to assert self-defense in the court with August Keil. When Flamm is alone again, he scolds Streckmann loudly. His wife hears this and asks him the reason for his seemingly unfounded anger. Mrs. Flamm invited Rose. However, it has not yet been published. Her husband has no idea of Rose's condition, which is why Mrs. Flamm informs him about it. When Flamm learns that Rose is pregnant, he becomes scared. August Keil comes and apologizes for Rose, because she still has to go to court. Ms. Flamm notices that August doesn't know anything about Rose's pregnancy either, and becomes suspicious. She realizes the relationship between her husband and Rose. Your only concern now is Rose's future. When Rose finally appears, Flamm no longer dares to speak to her. She says to Ms. Flamm that everything would be fine if it weren't for Streckmann. She repeats that Streckmann is lying, but does not explain why. She admits that, out of shame, she kept quiet about the fact that Streckmann raped her. Mrs. Flamm tries to calm Rose down and assures her of help.
Fifth act
On the evening of the same day as in the fourth act, Rose is found half-dead and taken home to the Bernds' living room by a villager. She wants to be alone and asks her sister not to tell the father either. Rose makes strange hints and wishes an early death. Then she goes to her room on the first floor. When father Bernd returns, the sister does not reveal anything and claims that Rose is still in court. August comes and demands of Bernd that he withdraw the lawsuit against Streckmann. But Bernd refuses because he doesn't believe in Streckmann's remorse. He also says that he no longer wants August to marry his daughter. Suddenly Rose comes down. She looks confused and says that she hates everyone. However, August sticks to Rose and wants to emigrate to Brazil with her. Suddenly Rose starts laughing hysterically. She says she strangled her child because she shouldn't go through the same torment as she did.
Classification in literary history
The drama can be clearly assigned to naturalism . Hauptmann depicts the characters in a very realistic and realistic manner. He also does not shrink from a drastic representation of suffering and fate. He also gives extremely detailed stage directions for the representation of the time and for the set ; the stage rooms are related to the people acting in these rooms as a specific and determining milieu. The facial expressions of the characters suggest their state of mind. Even the language is reproduced exactly: Hauptmann uses the Silesian dialect , which he got to know better during a stay on a farm in 1878 and 1879. He lets the characters appear determined by society, their milieu and their general social situation.
Film adaptations
Rose Bernd was made into a silent film by Alfred Halm in 1919 under the same title . Henny Porten played the leading role alongside Alexander Wirth as Christoph Flamm and Paul Bildt as August Keil. Emil Jannings played Arthur Streckmann and Ilka Grüning played Henriette Flamm.
In 1957 another film adaptation was made, also under the title Rose Bernd , directed by Wolfgang Staudte , in which Maria Schell played the main role alongside Raf Vallone (Arthur Streckmann), Käthe Gold (Henriette Flamm), Leopold Biberti (Christoph Flamm) and Hannes Messemer (August Wedge) played.
Ida Krottendorf played Rose Bernd in a 1962 film adaptation for television directed by Gustav Burmester . Bruno Dallansky played Arthur Streckmann, Marianne Hoppe Henriette Flamm, Erwin Linder Christoph Flamm and Otto Bolesch August Keil. Carl Wery played Rose's father.
In 1998 another television film of the play was made, directed by Valentin Jeker , in which Johanna Wokalek played Rose Bernd.
Adaptation in London
The English playwright Dennis Kelly performed his adaptation of Rose Bernd on March 22, 2005, based on a translation by Antony Meech at the Arcola Theater in London .
literature
- Gerhart Hauptmann: Rose Bernd. Drama, 7th edition, Ullstein 23958, Berlin / Frankfurt am Main 2004, ISBN 3-548-23958-7 .
- Reiner Poppe, Klaus Bahners (Ed.): Rose Bernd . 8th expanded edition, C. Bange, Hollfeld 1992, ISBN 3-8044-0338-7 (= King's explanations and materials. Volume 245).
- Klaus Hildebrandt: Gerhart Hauptmann's naturalistic dramas. “The weavers” - “Rose Bernd” - “The rats”. Topic - development - design principles - structure. Oldenbourg, Munich 1983, ISBN 3-486-85621-9 .
- Georg Pilz: German child murder tragedies. Oldenbourg, Munich 1982, ISBN 3-486-19941-2 .
Web links
- Information on the film adaptation from 1956/57 ( Memento from December 26, 2007 in the Internet Archive )
- Rose Bernd 1957, cinema film with Maria Schell
- Production by Michael Thalheimer at the Thalia Theater , Hamburg 2006
- Production at the Residenztheater , Munich July 2010, directed by Enrico Lübbe ( Youtube )
- Rita Nikolow: village beauty on thorny paths. In: Spiegel Online , July 3, 2010.
- Production at the Südthüringschen Staatstheater Das Meininger Theater , Meiningen July 2014, directed by Lars Wernecke Review MDR ( review on Rose Bernd )
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b Peter Sprengel (ed.): Hermann and Hedwig Stehr in correspondence with Gerhart and Margarete Hauptmann (= publications of the Gerhart-Hauptmann-Gesellschaft eV Band 14 ). Erich Schmidt Verlag GmbH & Co KG, 2008, ISBN 978-3-503-09852-1 , p. 106 , footnote 71 .
- ^ Norbert Bachleitner: The theater censorship in the Habsburg monarchy in the 19th century . In: LiTheS . No. 5 . Graz November 2010, Habitus III, p. 94 ( lithes.uni-graz.at [PDF; accessed on February 12, 2015] there p. 24).
- ↑ The drama about Rose Bernd. Acting premiere. Meiningen. In: Main Post. March 10, 2014, accessed February 12, 2015 .
- ^ News from Tyrol - Theater Bozen and elsewhere . In: Bozner Zeitung . tape 64 , no. 89 . Bolzano April 20, 1904, p. 4 ( digital.tessmann.it [accessed February 12, 2015]).