Johann Baptist von Anzer

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Bishop Johann Baptist Anzer
Johann Baptist von Anzer in Chinese clothes

Johann Baptist (von) Anzer SVD (born May 16, 1851 in Weinrieth , Upper Palatinate ; † November 24, 1903 in Rome ) was the religious of the Steyler missionaries and bishop of the German mission to China in the Shandong province .

Life

Johann Baptist Anzer was born the son of a farmer and butcher, attended the Regensburg Lyceum and seminary , where he studied theology for four semesters. In Anzer, the idea of ​​becoming a missionary rather than a diocesan priest was growing. After being in reading the of Arnold Janssen published little Sacred Heart Messengers learned of his intention to found a German mission house, he took Arnold to contact, which eventually in 1875 to enter the first German Catholic mission house in Steyl / Netherlands , from which the mission order of the Society of the Divine Word (Societas Verbi Divini / SVD) should develop in the following years . There he was ordained a priest in 1876 and was sent on a mission to China by Arnold Janssen in 1879 together with the South Tyrolean priest Josef Freinademetz . In 1882 the man from Upper Palatinate was promoted to head of his mission area in South Shantung.

On December 22, 1885 Anzer was by Pope Leo XIII. Appointed Vicar Apostolic of Scian-Ton Meridionale , on January 4, 1886 he was appointed Titular Bishop of Thelepte ; he received the consecration on January 24, 1886, from Cardinal Philipp Krementz .

At first, Anzer himself took care of the training of the Chinese clergy in the Apostolic Prefecture of South Shantung. After his episcopal ordination he gave this task to P. Johann Laxhuber (1858–1891). After Laxhuber's early death at the end of 1891, Bishop Anzer appointed his colleague Eberhard Limbrock head of the seminary, which he held until he was recalled as Apostolic Prefect in German New Guinea. In 1896 Anzer commissioned his pro-vicar Josef Freinademetz to lead the seminary. In 1897 Anzer appointed Peter Röser SVD (1862–1944), who came to China in 1889, as professor and rector of the seminary in Yenchowfu ( Yanzhou ).

In 1890, on the initiative of the German envoy in Beijing, Max von Brandt , Anzer dissolved his mission from the Protectorate of France, which in the 19th century exercised protection over all China missionaries, regardless of their nationality, and made it subject to the Protectorate of the German Empire . The German occupation of Kiautschou Bay in 1897 after the murder of two Steyler missionaries ( Richard Henle and Franz Xaver Nies ) - the so-called Juye incident - as well as the events in connection with the Boxer uprising after the murder of the German ambassador in Beijing , Klemens Freiherr von Ketteler , made Anzer the object of the most violent polemics in the German Reichstag. In 1897 Anzer was raised to the nobility by Prince Regent Luitpold of Bavaria .

Tomb, Campo Santo Teutonico, Rome
Epitaph

Bishop Anzer died unexpectedly of a stroke during a stay at the Collegio Teutonico di Santa Maria dell'Anima in Rome. He was buried in the German Cemetery Campo Santo Teutonico next to St. Peter's Basilica. His heart should first be brought to China in his diocese. Since such a custom in China, in the opinion of Josef Freinademetz, would have led the Chinese to wrong conclusions, the decision was taken again and the heart of the deceased Bishop Anzer was transferred to the cemetery at the St. Gabriel Mission House near Vienna. On August 7, 1904, Augustin Henninghaus SVD, who had worked in the Vicariate of South Shantung since 1886, succeeded Anzer as Apostolic Vicar.

Works

  • A sanctuary of the Holy Spirit on the Imperial Canal in China. by JB Anzer (Zining, March 23, 1896). In Kleiner Herz-Jesu-Bote, Vol. 23, No. 12, Steyl, September 1896, Supplement No. 27, September 1896, pp. 107-108.
  • Annual report to the benefactors of the mission in South Shantung. From the most revered Bishop JB Anzer, in: Kleiner Herz-Jesu-Bote 23rd vol., No. 5 (Steyl Febr. 1896) 35–39; No. 6 (March 1897) 44-47.
  • Annual report to the benefactors of the mission in South Shantung. From the High Lord Bishop JB Anzer, in: Kleiner Herz-Jesu-Bote 24th vol., No. 5 (Steyl Febr. 1897) 37–39. Supplement to the Small Messenger of the Sacred Heart, No. 5, 1897, 17–18.
  • New year's greetings to the benefactors of the mission in southern Shantung. From Hochw. H. Bishop JB Anzer, in: Kleiner Herz-Jesu-Bote, 25th vol. No. 2. (Nov. 1897). Supplement No. 3 (1898) 9-10.

literature

  • Augustin Henninghaus, Apostol. Vicar of South Shantung: Fr. Josef Freinademetz: His life and work. At the same time contributions to the history of the South Shantung Mission. 2nd Edition. Catholic Mission Publishing House, Yenchowfu (China) 1920, 648 pp., 1926.
  • P. Horbach: Bishop von Anzer's China Mission in its relations with politics. Record-based statements according to the statements of the bishop and his missionaries. Moritz Spiess, Marburg 1901.
  • J. Beckmann: The cath. Method of mission in China in recent times. 1931, pp. 23-25.
  • Heinrich Kroes:  Anzer, Johann Baptist von. In: New German Biography (NDB). Volume 1, Duncker & Humblot, Berlin 1953, ISBN 3-428-00182-6 , p. 321 f. ( Digitized version ).
  • KJ Rivinius: The Catholic Mission in South Shantung. A report by Legation Secretary Speck von Sternburg from 1895 on the Steyler Mission in China (= Studia Instituti Missiologici Societatis Verbi Divini 24). Steyler Verlag, St. Augustin 1979, ISBN 3-87787-117-8 .
  • Richard Hartwich SVD: Divine Word Missionaries in China I. Missionary development of Südshantungs 1879-1903. Contributions to a story. (Studia Instituti Missiologici SVD 32) Steyler Verlag, St. Augustin 1983, ISBN 3-87787-166-6 .
  • Karl Josef Rivinius: Secular protection and mission: The German protectorate over the Catholic mission of South Shantung. (= Bonn contributions to church history , vol. 14), Böhlau Verlag, Cologne / Vienna 1987, ISBN 3-412-00987-3 .
  • Friedrich Wilhelm Bautz :  Anzer, Johann Baptist. In: Biographisch-Bibliographisches Kirchenlexikon (BBKL). Volume 1, Bautz, Hamm 1975. 2nd, unchanged edition Hamm 1990, ISBN 3-88309-013-1 , Sp. 195-196.  ( Article / beginning of article in Internet archive )
  • ANZER, Johann Baptist (from). In: Horst Rzepkowski: Lexicon of Mission. History, theology, ethnology. Styria Verlag, Graz / Cologne 1992, ISBN 3-222-12052-8 , p. 42.
  • Fritz Bornemann: Arnold Janssen the founder of the Steyler Missionswerk. 3rd ed., Steyler Verl., Nettetal 1992. ISBN 3-8050-0300-5 .
  • KJ Rivinius: Efforts for a memorial honoring Bishop Anzer. In memory of his consecration 110 years ago. In: China today. XV (1996), pp. 149-155.
  • Karl Müller: Anzer, Johann Baptist (from). In: Gerald H. Anderson (Ed.): Biographical Dictionary of Christian Missions. Simon & Schuster Macmillian, New York 1998, ISBN 0-02-864604-5 , pp. 24-25.
  • Josef Alt: Arnold Janssen. The life path and work of the founder of the Steyler order (= Studia Instituti Missiologici 70). Steyler Verlag, Nettetal 1999, 1085 pages, ISBN 3-8050-0427-3 .
  • Josef Alt (Ed.): Arnold Janssen SVD, Letters to China. Vol. I: 1879-1897 (= Studia Instituti Missiologici SVD 73). Steyler Verlag, Nettetal 2000, 447 pages, ISBN 3-8050-0446-X .
  • Josef Alt (Ed.): Arnold Janssen SVD, Letters to China. Vol. II: 1897-1904 (= Studia Instituti Missiologici SVD 74). Steyler Verlag, Nettetal 2001, XXI + 374 S., ISBN 3-8050-0447-8 .
  • Karl J. Rivinius: The relationship between Arnold Janssen and Johann Baptist Anzer in the early days of the Steyler Mission Society. In: Verbum. SVD, 44: 2/3 (2003), pp. 221-260.
  • Karl J. Rivinius: Johann Baptist Anzer and Johann Baptist Mehler, a piece of the mosaic for the biography of the first bishop of the Society of the Divine Word (= Studia Instituti Missiologici SVD 83). Steyler Verlag, Nettetal 2003, ISBN 3-8050-0496-6 .
  • Karl J. Rivinius: Bishop JB Anzer in the mirror of his letters to Magdalene Leitner. A contribution to the history of piety. (= Studia Instituti Missiologici SVD 88). Steyler Verlag, Nettetal 2006, ISBN 978-3-8050-0537-1 .
  • Karl J. Rivinius: In the field of tension between mission and politics: Johann Baptist Anzer (1851-1903) Bishop of South Shandong. (= Studia Instituti Missiologici 93) Steyler Verlag, Nettetal 2010, ISBN 978-3-8050-0569-2 .

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Seminar for Chinese priests, in Kleiner Herz-Jesu-Bote 26 (1898) No. 11 (August) 165–167.
  2. ↑ Dr. Paul B. Steffen: Father Peter Röser 1862-1944. On the 150th birthday of the Bendorfer China missionary , in: Heimatbuch Kreis Mayen-Koblenz 2012, 43–45.
  3. ↑ KJ Rivinius, In the field of tension from Mission u. Politics: Johann Baptist Anzer (1851-1903) Bishop of South Shandong , 2010, p. 833.
  4. ↑ City of God . Issue 8, Volume 27, 1903/1904, p. 354.
predecessor Office successor
--- Vicar Apostolic of South Shandong
1882–1903 		Augustin Henninghaus SVD
personal data
SURNAME Anzer, Johann Baptist von
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Anzer SVD, Johann Baptist
BRIEF DESCRIPTION German religious and missionary, bishop of the German mission to China
DATE OF BIRTH May 16, 1851
PLACE OF BIRTH Weinrieth
DATE OF DEATH November 24, 1903
Place of death Rome