Max von Brandt

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Max von Brandt (ca.1901)

Maximilian August Scipio von Brandt (born October 8, 1835 in Berlin , † August 24, 1920 in Weimar ) was a German diplomat , East Asia expert and publicist .

Live and act

Max von Brandt was the son of the Prussian general and military writer Heinrich von Brandt , was baptized as a Protestant and attended the French grammar school in Berlin. He first became a Prussian officer. In 1860/61 he took part as an attaché in the Prussian expedition of Count zu Eulenburg to East Asia, which led to the signing of a Japanese-Prussian trade agreement on January 24, 1861. He was then consul, later consul general of the North German Confederation and, since 1872, German Minister-Resident in Japan . From 1875 to 1893 he was the Imperial German envoy to China . In 1882/83 he concluded a trade and friendship agreement with Korea . In order to get a better understanding of the East Asian world, he studied the culture and history of East Asia in detail. Because of his good knowledge, his imposing personality and his sociable manner, he enjoyed a high reputation in Beijing society. In Beijing he was doyen of the diplomatic corps for many years .

As a diplomat, he emphasized the commonality of European interests towards China. He promoted German trade interests and was one of the initiators of the opening of the German mail steamer line to China as well as the establishment of the German-Asian Bank in February 1889 in Shanghai .

His widely acclaimed treatises and non-fiction books on East Asia were among the best ethnographic descriptions available in his day. His first wife, a native of Wolff, died in 1891. He married the young Miss Helen Maxima Heard (* 1868 in Hong Kong, † 1937) - also known as 'Bébé' or 'Max' - the daughter of on April 15, 1893 in Seoul US Prime Minister and Consul General in Korea, Augustine Heard (* 1827, † 1905), retired in 1893 and last lived in Weimar , Cranachstrasse 35. His second marriage resulted in his daughter Elizabeth. Max von Brandt was also a collector of East Asian art. From China he supplied a museum in Berlin with East Asian art objects.

Works

  • Language and writing of the Chinese , Breslau, undated (approx. 1883) (41 pages).
  • From the land of the braid - chats of an old Chinese , Leipzig 1884 (132 pages), 2nd edition 1898 (195 pages).
  • Morals from China - Girls and Women - A Contribution to Knowledge of the Chinese People , Stuttgart 1895 (87 pages), 2nd edition 1900.
  • The future of East Asia - A contribution to the history and understanding of the East Asian question , Stuttgart 1895 (80 pages), 2nd ed. 1903.
  • Three years of East Asian politics 1894-97 , Stuttgart 1897 (263 pages).
  • East Asian Issues - China, Japan, Korea - Old and New , Berlin 1897 (359 pages).
  • Colony and Fleet Question (lecture) , Berlin 1897 (23 pages).
  • The political and commercial development of East Asia in recent times (lecture), Leipzig 1898 (24 pages).
  • Chinese Philosophy and State Confucianism , Stuttgart 1898 (121 pages).
  • China and its foreign trade relations with special consideration of the German (= writings of the Centralstelle zur Preparation von Handelsverträte 5 ), Berlin 1899.
  • Industrial and railway companies in China (= negotiations of the German Colonial Society 3/4 ), Berlin 1899.
  • Time issues - the crisis in South Africa - China - commercial and political issues - colonial issues , Berlin 1900 (394 pages).
  • 33 years in East Asia - memories of a German diplomat , Leipzig 1901 (319 pages).
  • Foreign fruits - Sienkiewicz / Hearn / Kipling / Gorki , Stuttgart 1904.
  • English colonial policy and administration , Halle a. P. 1906.
  • The contrast between the Japanese and North Americans in the Pacific. In Zeitschrift für Socialwissenschaft Vol. 10, 1907, pp. 160–165.
  • George Bogle and Thomas Manning: From the Land of the Living Buddhas. The stories of George Bogle's mission to Tibet and Thomas Manning's trip to Lhasa (1774 and 1812). From the English by Mr. Clements R. Markham. Translated and edited by Wirkl. Go Councilor Max von Brandt. Hamburg 1909.
  • The Chinese in public and in the family - How he sees and describes himself - In 82 drawings based on Chinese originals , Berlin, ca.1910.
  • China, Japan and Korea in: Weltgeschichte ( Hans Ferdinand Helmolt , ed.), Bibliographisches Institut, Leipzig / Vienna 1913, Volume I.
  • China and Japan now and later , Leipzig 1914.
  • Japan . Memories of a German diplomat, Hamburg, Berlin, 1912 ( digitized in the Berlin State Library )

literature

  • Friedrich Wilhelm Bautz :  Max von Brandt. In: Biographisch-Bibliographisches Kirchenlexikon (BBKL). Volume 1, Bautz, Hamm 1975. 2nd, unchanged edition Hamm 1990, ISBN 3-88309-013-1 , Sp. 195-196.  ( Article / beginning of article in Internet archive )
  • Wolfgang Franke:  Brandt, Max von. In: New German Biography (NDB). Volume 2, Duncker & Humblot, Berlin 1955, ISBN 3-428-00183-4 , p. 531 ( digitized version ).
  • Masako Hiyama: Max von Brandt (1835-1920) . In: Bridge Builders. Pioneers of the Japanese-German cultural exchange. iudicium, Berlin 2005, ISBN 3-89129-539-1
  • Hans-Alexander Kneider: German-Korean Relations - From the Beginnings to 1910 , in: Patrick Köllner (Hrsg.): Korea 1996 - Politics, Economy, Society . Hamburg 1996, pp. 19-49 ( excerpt ).
  • George Alexander Lensen: Balance of Intrigue: International Rivalry in Korea and Manchuria 1884-1899 , Florida University Press, Tallahassee 1982, Vol. I & II, ISBN 0-8130-0722-4 .
  • Aya Puster: Max von Brandt no hajimeteno Nippon taizai ( Max von Brandt's first stay in Japan), in: Ronja Nihon no yogaku (Studies on European Science in Japan), Osaka 1998.
  • Holmer Stahncke: The diplomatic relations between Germany and Japan 1854-1868. Franz Steiner Verlag, Stuttgart 1987, ISBN 3-515-04618-6
  • Richard Szippel: Max v. Brandt and German Imperialism in East Asia in the Late Nineteenth Century (doctoral thesis, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana, USA), August 1989, 332 pages (University Microfilm International, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA, order no. 8923270) .
  • Richard Szippel: End of the Century: Japan through German Eyes - Max von Brandt and Japan, 1894-1914 , in: German History Vol. 9, October 1991, pp. 309–326
  • Richard von Szippel: Japanese and American Expansion in the Late Nineteenth and Early Twentieth Century: German Perspective from Writings of Max von Brandt , in: Nanzan Review of American Studies , Vol. 15 (1993), pp. 33-53
  • Richard Szippel: A German View of the Boxer Rebellion in China at the Turn of the Century: Max von Brandt and German Interests in China at the Turn of the Century , in: Academia - Humanities and Social Studies (Nanzan University), Vol. 58 , September 1993, pp. 47-76
  • Richard Szippel: Max von Brandt's View of America at the Turn of the Century , in: Nanzan Review of American Studies , Vol. 17 (1995), pp. 59-80
  • Richard Szippel: The Cross and the Flag - Christian Missions in Late Nineteenth-Century China from the Perspectiv of the German Diplomat Max von Brandt , in: Mission Studies (International Association for Mission Studies), Vol. XIV, October 1997, p. 175 -202
  • Rolf-Harald Wippich: Max von Brandt and the founding of the OAG (Society for Nature and Ethnology of East Asia) - The first German scientific association in East Asia , in: Studies of the Institute for Culture of the German-speaking Countries , 1993, No. 11, p. 64-77
  • Rolf-Harald Wippich: “Line with hat” - Max von Brandt and Japan - diplomat, publicist, propagandist . Tokyo 1995, ISBN 4-87238-006-1 .
  • Rolf-Harald Wippich: Japan as a colony? Max von Brandt's Hokkaido project 1865/67 . Hamburg 1997, ISBN 3-934376-53-3 .

Web links

Wikisource: Friendship, trade and shipping contract between the North German Confederation and the members of the German Customs and Trade Association not belonging to this confederation on the one hand and Japan on the other. (1869)  - Sources and full texts
predecessor Office successor
Theodor von Holleben emperor. German envoy to Japan
1873–1875 		Carl Eduard Zappe
Office newly created German envoy in Beijing
1875-1893 		Gustav Schenck zu Schweinsberg
personal data
SURNAME Brandt, Max von
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Brandt, Maximilian August Scipio von (full name)
BRIEF DESCRIPTION German diplomat, East Asia expert and publicist
DATE OF BIRTH October 8, 1835
PLACE OF BIRTH Berlin
DATE OF DEATH August 24, 1920
Place of death Weimar